Flavonoids are widely found in medicinal plants, which have important medical properties. Flavonoids were proved to have many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, antitumor, antimutation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging. The extraction of flavonoids is the crucial link in their clinical applications. In recent years, many emerging Chinese medicine extraction methods have also been widely used in the extraction of flavonoids. This paper reviews the current application of new methods for flavonoid extraction, in order to provide references for the extraction, development and utilization of flavonoids. These new extraction methods include supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction (EAE), green solvent extraction, steam explosion assisted extraction, dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) assisted extraction, etc.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a commonly used Chinese materia medica for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects and is mainly used for the treatment of irregular menstruation, palpitation, insomnia and various cardiovascular diseases, particularly angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The chemical constituents of S. miltiorrhiza are the important material basis for its pharmacological effects. This paper reviews the research progress of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. miltiorrhiza. The research status and research direction of S. miltiorrhiza are analysed, which will provide a reference for its further research and development.

Objective To investigate the effects of partial body weight supported treadmill training (BW- STT) on post-stroke depression (PSD) and on patients' quality of life.Methods Sixty patients with PSD were re- cruited and divided into a training group (n=30,male 17,female 13) and a control group (n=30,male 16,fe- male 14).All patients were treated with routine internal medication and rehabilitation.The patients of the training group also received BWSTT in addition to their routine treatment.All patients' neurological impairment was evaluated using the Modified Edinburgh-Scandinavian Stroke Scale (MESSS).The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) was used for evaluating the degree of depression.The Fugl-Meyer scale and the Barthel index were used to assess ambula- tion and balance,and facility in the activities of daily living.All patients were assessed before and after the treat- ment.Results After four weeks of treatment,depression in the training group had improved significantly more than in the control group.Conclusion BWSTT intervention is very important for patients with PSD:it can reduce the degree of depression and improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression characteristics of Gluc-Fluc dual luciferase plasmid after its transfection into MB49 bladder cells.

METHODSpAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc and pAAV2neo-Gluc plasmids were separately transfected into MB49 cells via LipofectamineTM2000. The Gluc activity in the cell culture supernatant and the Fluc activity in the cells were detected by luminometer and Lumina Imaging system.

RESULTSThe luminometer result showed that the activity of Gluc in the supernatant increased gradually in a cell number- and time-dependent manner, while Fluc activity in the cells increased with the cell number but not with time. The Lumina Imaging system showed that Gluc-Fluc was successfully expressed in MB49 bladder cells and cell lines with stable Gluc-Fluc expression were obtained after G418 selection.

CONCLUSIONGluc in the dual luciferase plasmid retains its expression characteristics. Due to the advantages of Fluc in localization in living imaging and the easy quantitative detection of Gluc, the dual luciferase plasmid, after transfection in MB49 bladder cells, allows reliable and dynamic detection of tumor growth in animal models.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Luciferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Plasmids ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and to evaluate its correlation with mesorectal metastasis in middle and lower rectal cancer.

METHODSThe resected primary tumors from 56 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer who received total mesorectal excision were studied from Dec. 2001 to Jul. 2003.

RESULTSThe MMP-2 expression was positive in 42 (75%) cases. The positive rate of MMP-2 expression was 88.9% in T3 tumors and 69.6 % in T2 tumors respectively, while only 33.3% in T1 tumors (P=0.013). MMP-2 was positive in 91.2% (31/34) infiltrative rectal carcinomas while 40.0% (6/15) expansive rectal carcinomas (P=0.001). Mesorectal metastasis was detected in 36 (64.3%) of 56 cases. The expression of MMP-2 was positive in 31 (86.1%) of the 36 patients with mesorectal metastasis, while in 11(55%) of the 20 patients without mesorectal metastasis (P=0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of MMP-2 in middle and lower rectal cancer is significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion and Ming classifications. The high expression of MMP-2 may play an important role in the development of mesorectal metastasis in middle and lower rectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Mesentery ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo detect mesorectal metastasis of middle and lower rectal cancer and to evaluate its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics.

METHODSCancer specimens resected from 56 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer who received total mesorectal excision were examined by routine pathologic observation. The relationship between mesorectal metastasis and clinicopathologic characteristics of middle and lower rectal cancer was also investigated.

RESULTSMesorectal metastasis was detected in 36 (64.3%) of 56 cancer specimens. In 18 cancer specimens with tumor diameter > or = 5 cm, 15 (83.3%) were detected mesorectal metastasis, while in 38 cancer specimens with tumor diameter < 5 cm only 21 (55.3%) were detected mesorectal metastasis (P = 0.041). Mesorectal metastasis was more frequent in T(3) cancer specimens (81.5%) and T(2) cancer specimens (56.6%), compared with T(1) cancer specimens (1/6) (P = 0.007). 85.7% poorly differentiated cancer specimens were detected mesorectal metastasis, while moderate and well-differentiated cancer specimens were only 63.2% and 1/5 respectively (P = 0.028). Mesorectal metastasis was more frequent in stage III cancer specimens (100%), compared with stage II and I cancer specimens (27.3% and 1/5 respectively, P = 0.000). No significant correlations were found between mesorectal metastasis and other variables such as age, gender and Ming classification (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMesorectal metastasis of middle and lower rectal cancer has significant correlation with tumor diameter, tumor invasion, tumor differentiation and TNM stage. Total mesorectal excision or > or = 5 cm mesorectal distal to the rectal tumor should be followed in the management of middle and lower rectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mesentery ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare different methods commonly used for titering adenovirus and analyze the advantages and limitations of each method.

METHODSFour recombined adenoviruses (Ad-G-AT2R-EGFP, Ad-CMV-EGFP, Ad-mif-shRNA-EGFP and Ad-CBA-GFP) were amplified and purified, and each was titered by optical absorbance, real-time PCR, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled method, immunoassay, and cytopathic effect (CPE). The results were then comparatively analyzed.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found in the titer amounts derived from GFP-labeled method, immunoassay, and cytopathic effect method (P>0.1). A positive correlation was noted in the titer amounts determined by real-time PCR and immunoassay (r=0.965), even though the value (vg/ml) obtained by real-time PCR was 10 times higher than that by immunoassay (ifu/ml).

CONCLUSIONGFP-labeled method and immunoassay allow rapid determination of the adenoviral titer. Real-time PCR can not directly determine the real infectious titer of the adenovirus, but the result is well correlated to that of immunoassay and reflects, though indirectly, the actual infectious titer of adenovirus. Considering the procedural convenience and shorter time consumption, real-time PCR is still a practical method for adenoviral titration.

Adenoviridae ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; physiology ; Capsid Proteins ; metabolism ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Viral Plaque Assay ; methods ; Virus Replication

Objective:To evaluate the effect of general practice service based on network platform in health management of patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC).Methods:Based on network platform, the general practitioners provided health management service for 626 MCC patients in a petrochemical company in Panjin city of Liaoning province from June 2015 to June 2016. The individualized health management plan included health counseling, diet and exercise guidance, health information delivery, health file establishment, and rational medication guidance. After intervention the patient activeness, quality of life, clinical variables were evaluated.Results:Ninety participants dropped out of study (14.38%, 90/626), the questionnaire survey was conducted in rest 536 participants. After 1-year intervention, the scores of physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health, and total scores in SF-36 were significantly increased ( F=12.350, 13.215, 10.515, 29.114, 42.972, 10.951, 89.783 and 33.311, respectively, all P<0.05); the values of BMI, waist, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose were significantly decreased( F= 30.039, 33.849, 7.152, 27.453, 59.938, 214.270, 73.488 and 62.014, respectively, all P<0.05); the values of high density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly increased ( F=16.491, P<0.01); the overall scores of activation were increased ( F=9.471, P<0.01), the level of activation was changed (χ 2=16.183, P<0.05); but there was no change in body pain ( F=1.486, P=0.227). There was a weak correlation between patient activation and the general health ( r=0.099, P=0.013), vitality ( r=0.101, P=0.011), mental health ( r=0.099, P=0.013). Conclusion:General practice service based on network platform is feasible and effective for patients with multiple chronic conditions, after the implementation, the activation and the health outcomes are improved significantly.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzylisoquinolines ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; SARS Virus ; drug effects ; Vero Cells

BACKGROUNDSo far, in China, there has been no effective or easy procedure to define the control of asthma. This study assesses the validity of Asthma Control Test in Chinese patients.

METHODSThree questionnaires (Asthma Control Test, Asthma Control Questionnaire and the 30 second asthma test) were administered to 305 asthma patients from 10 teaching hospitals across China. Spirometry was also used. Asthma specialists rated the control of asthma according to patients' symptoms, medications and forced expiratory volume in first second. The patients were divided into noncontrolled group and controlled group according to the specialists' rating. Reliability, empirical validity and screening accuracy were conducted for Asthma Control Test scores. Screening accuracy was compared among 3 questionnaires. The patients' self rating and the specialists' rating were also compared.

RESULTSThe internal consistency reliability of the 5-item Asthma Control Test was 0.854. The correlation coefficient between Asthma Control Test and the specialists' rating was 0.729, which was higher than other instruments. Asthma Control Test scores discriminated between groups of patients differing in the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in first second (F = 26.06, P < 0.0001), the specialists' rating of asthma control (F = 88.24, P < 0.0001) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire scores (F = 250.57, P < 0.0001). Asthma Control Test showed no significant difference with Asthma Control Questionnaire in the percent correctly classified, while the percent correctly classified by Asthma Control Test was much higher than 30 second asthma test. The patients' self rating was the same as assessment of the specialists (t = 0.65, P = 0.516).

CONCLUSIONThe Asthma Control Test is an effective and practicable method for assessing asthma control in China.

Adult ; Aged ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Spirometry ; Surveys and Questionnaires