Objective To investigate the pathogens distribution and their antimicrobial resistance in geriatric ward in 2012 and 2013 , and to provide basis for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs.Methods The retrospective survey method was adopted.The submitted samples were inoculated with MaiKangKai tablet and blood agar plate , cultured colonies after 24 h were isolated , identified and susceptibility testing was performed.The software WHONET5.4 was used to analyze the drug sus-ceptibility results.Results Of the1485 samples, 622 pathogens were detected.The positive rate was 41.88%.There were 564 strains of gram negative bacteria , accounting for 90.68%and 58 strains of gram-posi-tive bacteria , accounting for 9.32%.Of all gram -negative bacteria , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PA ) accounted for 37.75% ( 94/249 ) and 44.76%( 141/315 ) in 2012 and 2013 respectively .Of all gram-posi-tive bacteria , methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) accounted for 51.85% ( 14/27 ) , and 45.16% ( 14/31 ) in 2012 and 2013 respectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa′s resistance rates to meropen-em were 27.66%and 46.81%, in 2012 and 2013 respectively , increasing by 19.15%.Resistance rates to aztreonam were 43.62% and 25.53%, decreasing by 18.09%.Conclusion Pathogens detected were mainly gram-negative bacteria.The detection rate of PA tends to increase.To strengthen the pathogen distribution and drug resistance monitoring is of great guiding significance for rational clinical use of antimicrobial agents , and reducing drug resistance rates.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect and safety of blood activating stasis removing method (BASRM) on intracerebral hemorrhage patients.

METHODSA multi-center, prospective, randomized, open, controlled and blinded endpoint design was adopted. Totally 228 intracerebral hemorrhage patients were assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 114 in each group by center randomized method. All patients received basic treatment of Western internal medicine. Patients in the treatment group received intravenous infusion with Xingnaojing Injection (XI) from the 1st day of grouping, 20 mL per day for 14 days. Then they took or were nasally fed with Chinese medical granules (by syndrome typing as complicated with wind syndrome, fire syndrome, and phlegm syndrome) for 21 days. Finally they took Naoxueshu Oral Liquid (NOL), 10 mL each time, 3 times per day till the 3rd month of incidence. Patients' disability degree, activities of daily living, neurological impairment, the effective rate, physiologic functions, mental status, social relationship, and degree of treatment satisfaction were assessed using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), Barthel index (BI), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and patient reported outcome (PRO). Head CT was performed to evaluate the absorption of hematoma at the 1st and 7th day of grouping. The safety was also assessed.

RESULTSTotally 108 patients in the treatment group and 112 patients in the control group completed the trial. There was no statistical difference in the total effective rate between the two groups after 3 months of treatment (P>0.05). The MRS score was obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01) at month 3 after attack (P<0.01). There was statistical difference in the difference between pre-post hematoma volume between the two groups after 7-day treatment (P<0.05). The NIHSS score of two groups at the 7th, 14th, 21st day, and 3rd month decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the decremenit of NIHSS score decreased more obviously in the treatment group at day 7, 21, and 3rd month (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the BI increased (P<0.01); physiologic fupctions, social relationship, treatment satisfaction and total score in PRO scale were all lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The incidence of adverse events occurred in 7 cases (6.14%) in the treatment group and 5 cases (4.39%) in the control group, with no statistical difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBASRM could lower the deformity rate of intracerebral hemorrhage patients at month 3, effectively promote hematoma absorption within 7 days, improve neurologic impairment, and elevate living abilities at month 3 of onset.

Activities of Daily Living ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Syndrome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4379368, rs10504861, rs10915437, rs12134493 and rs13208321) were recently identified in a Western population with migraine. These migraine-associated SNPs have not been evaluated in a Han Chinese population. This study investigated the associations of specific SNPs with migraine in a Han population. METHODS: This was a case-control study of Han Chinese residing in Fujian Province. Polymerase chain reaction—restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing were used to characterize the relationships of SNPs in a control group of 200 subjects and in a migraine group of 201 patients. RESULTS: The frequencies of the five SNPs did not differ between patients with migraine and healthy non migraine controls. However, subgroup analysis indicated certain SNPs were more strongly associated with migraine with aura or migraine without aura than with controls. The CT genotype of rs4379368 was more common in migraine patients with aura (75%) than in migraine patients without aura (47.9%) and controls (48.5%) (p<0.05), and the TT genotype of rs10504861 was more common in migraine patients with aura than in controls (8.3% vs. 0.5%) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the CC genotype of rs12134493 was less common in migraine patients without aura than in controls (80.6% vs. 88%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the rs4379368 and rs10504861 SNPs are markers for susceptibility to migraine with aura and that rs12134493 is a marker for the risk of migraine without aura in this Han population. Future studies should further explore if these associations vary by ethnicity.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Case-Control Studies ; Epilepsy ; Genotype ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders* ; Migraine with Aura ; Migraine without Aura ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

BACKGROUNDCongenital heart disease is a diverse group of diseases determined by genetic and environmental factors. Considerable research has been done on genes associated with development of the heart. A recent focus is the role of transcription factor TBX5 in the development of atria, left ventricle and conduction system. As part of a larger study, high density, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scanning was used to explore the relationship between TBX5 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to ventricular septal defect not associated with forelimb malformation in the Chinese Han population.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety two paediatric patients with congenital ventricular septal defect and 192 matched healthy control subjects were studied. The haplotype reconstructions were calculated by PHASE2.0 software. Haploview software was used to perform linkage disequilibrium assessment and defining of haplotype blocks. The algorithm used for defining of blocks was the confidence interval method.

RESULTSThe TBX5 gene region can be divided into 3 haplotype blocks of 27, 15 and 2 SNPs. Strong linkage disequilibrium exists within each block. SNP rs11067075 within the TBX5 gene had significant correlation with ventricular septal defect (P = 0.0037) by single marker association analysis. In addition, a 20 kb haplotype composed of 27 SNPs correlated with ventricular septal defect (P = 0.05, multiple loci regression analyses based on reconstructed haplotype blocks).

CONCLUSIONSTBX5 is associated with the occurrence of ventricular septal defect and may be a predisposing gene to congenital heart disease in Han Chinese. This finding has set a direction for further genetic and functional studies.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; genetics ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; genetics ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of highway transportation on the quality of blood components so as to provide experimental basis to meet the needs of military operations. The transport condition was simulated by random vibration test. The red blood cells, leukocyte-reduced red blood cells, washed red blood cells were randomly vibrated (C Road) for 4 hours. Then, these blood components were stored in refrigerator for 15 days (4 degrees C). Six milliliters of blood were collected before vibration, after vibration, and at day 15 days of storage after vibration, respectively. The suspension was isolated. The free hemoglobin (FHb), routine hematological parameters, and biochemical indexes were determined. The results showed that FHb, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), K(+) of red blood cells and leukocyte-reduced red blood cells did not significantly change after vibration and storage. However, FHb, LDH and K(+) of washed red blood cells increased significantly after simulated transportation (p < 0.05). The levels of these parameters at day 15 of storage after vibration were also significantly higher than those after vibration (p < 0.01). The changes of other hematological parameters were not significant in three blood components after vibration (C Road) and storage for 15 day. In conclusion, red blood cells and leukocyte-reduced red blood cells were qualified for clinic transfusion even after transportation within 4 hours for 15 day storage later, if they were kept in proper blood container and protected from damping. However, the washed red blood cells could not be used for clinic after similar transport in the military operations.
Blood Preservation ; Cryopreservation ; Erythrocytes ; chemistry ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Transportation ; Vibration

BACKGROUNDTissue engineering techniques combined with gene therapy have been recently used to improve osteogenesis. NEL-like molecule-1 (Nell-1), a novel growth factor, has been reported to have specificity for osteochondral lineage. The study assessed the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) after Nell-1 gene modification and examined its ectopic bone formation ability in a nude mice model with tissue engineering technique.

METHODSbMSCs obtained from Fischer 344 rats were transduced with either AdNell-1 (Nell-1 group) or Ad-beta-galactosidase (AdLacZ, LacZ group) or left untransduced (untransduced group). The expression of Nell-1 protein was determined by Western blotting and transfer efficiency was assessed. mRNA expressions of osteopontin (OP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC) were assessed by real-time PCR 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after gene transfer. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured and von Kossa test was also conducted. Finally, with a tissue engineering technique, gene transduced bMSCs, combining with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) at a concentration of 2 x 10(7) cells/ml, were implanted at subcutaneous sites on the back of nude mice. Four weeks after surgery, the implants were evaluated with histological staining and computerized analysis of new bone formation.

RESULTSUnder current transduction conditions, gene transfer efficiency reached (57.9 +/- 6.8)%. Nell-1 protein was detected in Nell-1 group but not in untransduced group and LacZ group. Induced by Nell-1, BSP and OP expression were increased at intermediate stage and OC expression was increased at later stage. ALP activity and the number of calcium nodules were highest in Nell-1 group. Four weeks after implanted into nude mice subcutaneously, the percentage of new bone area in Nell-1 group was (18.1 +/- 5.0)%, significantly higher than those of untransduced group (11.3 +/- 3.2)% and LacZ group (12.3 +/- 3.1)% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated the ability of Nell-1 to induce osteogenic differentiation of rat bMSCs in vitro and to enhance bone formation with a tissue engineering technique. The results suggest that Nell-1 may be a potential osteogenic gene to be used in bone tissue engineering.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; genetics ; Osteogenesis ; Osteopontin ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sialoglycoproteins ; genetics ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cost-benefit for the Influenza Type A H1N1 Virus (Influenzae H1N1) vaccination in Shanghai primary and junior schools.

METHODSA semi-experiment study was selected to evaluate the cost-benefit for Influenza H1N1 vaccination in primary and junior schools in 6 districts of Shanghai, including 414 636 students in total. According to the voluntary principle, the students were divided into the vaccinated group (233 445 students) and control group (181 191 students). The information of vaccine cost was collected from CDC in 19 districts in Shanghai by questionnaire; and the information of medical treatment cost was collected from questionnaire and abstracts of retrospective medical records, which included 31 mild cases and 15 severe cases. The cost-benefit analysis was conducted by health economic evaluation.

RESULTSIn total, there were 414 636 students enrolled in this study; while 233 445 (56.3%) students were in the vaccinated group and 181 191 in the control group. The attack rate in vaccinated group and control group was 0.61% (1433/233 445) and 1.76% (3166/181 191) respectively. The protection ratio was 65.34% ((1.76 - 0.61)/1.76) in the vaccinated group. The average cost of Influenza H1N1 was 36.81 yuan/person; and the average cost of medical treatment was (358.3 ± 243.6) yuan/mild case and (49 188.4 ± 99 917.3) yuan/severe case. The total benefit of vaccination in schools was 19 155 566.3 yuan, and the net benefit was 10 560 673.7 yuan. Therefore, the benefit-cost ratio was 2.24:1.

CONCLUSIONInfluenza H1N1 vaccine could protect the students from Influenza H1N1 infection, and the cost-benefit analysis showed that the intervention strategy was worth trying.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; economics ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; economics ; prevention & control ; Schools ; Students

Objective To assess the limit of detection(LOD),sensitivity and specificity of collodial gold immunochrom-atography(GICA)products purchased from two manufacturers under special environmental conditions.Methods The sensitivity and specificity of GICA made in InTec Products, INC.and Beijing WANTAI Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., LTD.for detecting HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-Treponema pallidum(TP)serum samples were evaluated under different conditions(conventional facilities,simulated hot and humid environments and simulated low pressure and hypoxia environments)according to the protocol of kits.LOD was estimated by detecting the standard materials obtained from the National Center for Clinical Laboratory(NCCL)of China.Results LOD for syphilis improved from 2 NCU to 1 NCU using GICA from InTec Products in hot and humid environments.The extreme conditions did not influence the specificity of GICA from the two manufacturers in the course of detection of clinical samples,but the sensitivity of detection was affected.For InTec Products,the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and syphilis detection was improved in hot and humid environments,but was reduced in low pressure and hypoxia environments.In addition,the sensitivity of hepatitis C virus detection by InTec Products decreased in hot and humid environments.As for WANTAI products,the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus detection was reduced under extreme conditions and that of hepatitis C virus was only influenced by hot and humid environments. Interestingly, extreme conditions had no impact on the sensitivity of syphilis.Conclusion LOD of InTec Products is better than that of the WANTAI products for detection of standard materials from blood-borne diseases.In the process of detecting clinical samples,the sensitivity of the two manufacturers′GICA is influenced by extreme conditions, with the specificity unchanged.Overall, WANTAI products are more stable than those of InTec, and are also less influenced by extreme conditions.

Objective The treatment methods for blood blister-like aneurysm remain controversial due to its special patholog-ical structure,the risk of post-operative rebleeding and the high rate of recurrence. The arm of this paper is to access the feasibility and effectiveness of overlapping stent-assisted coiling in the treatment of blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Methods Form January 2014 to December 2016,we treated 15 patients with blood blister-like aneurysm of the internal carotid artery by stent-assisted coiling in the Department of Neurosurgery,5 with two Enterprise tents,3 with three Enterprise tents,4 with Enter-prise+LVIS tents,and 3 with two LVIS tents. We determined the rate of immediate embolization of aneurysms by Raymond-Roy Occlu-sion Classification(RROC)and analyzed the clinical characteristics,postoperative complications,and follow-up data. Results All the coils and stents were successfully implanted. RROC showed 9 cases of gradeⅠ(60%),4 cases of gradeⅡ(27%),and 2 cases of gradeⅢimmediate occlusion(13%),with the parent arteries unobstructed in all the cases. Thrombosis in the stent was found in 2 cases intraoperatively,slight stent migration in 1 case,and internal carotid artery dissection in the petrous segment in another,but no cer-ebral vasospasm or aneurysm rupture in any case.Delayed cerebral in-farct was observed in 2 cases postoperatively. The patients were fol-lowed up for 2 weeks to 28 months,which showed that 11 of them were cured,2 remained stable and 2 developed further thrombosis,with an MRS score of 0-2 in 12 cases,4 in 1 case,5 in 1 case, and 6 in 1case. Conclusion Overlapping stent-assisted coiling is effective for the treatment of blood blister-like aneurysm by reduc-ing the risks of rebleeding and recurrence.

OBJECTIVETo study on effects of injection of Huangqi Injectio into Zusanli (ST 36) on the hospital infection and immune function in the patient of schizophrenia.

METHODSThirty inpatients of chronic schizophrenia were treated with injection of Huangqi Injectio into bilateral Zusanli (ST 36), 2 mL each point, thrice each week, for 8 weeks. Relative immune indexes and the hospital infection were investigated.

RESULTSThe hospital infection and the sub-infection were 4 cases (13.3%), 7 cases-times (23.3%) in the injection group; and 9 cases (15.0%), 19 cases-times (31.7%) in the control group, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The drug-administration duration was 7.77 days/case and 11.87 days/case in the two groups, respectively (P<0.01). In the injection group, as compared with that of last 3 years the duration was 7.77 days/case and 14.08 days/case (P<0.01). IgG, IgA, IgM and T-cell subgroups did not have significant changes, but there was the most different value before and after injection in SIL-2R of the no-infection group, and the longer the drug administration duration, the smaller the different values.

CONCLUSIONInjection of Huangqi Injectio into Zusanli (ST 36) has definite effect for prevention of the hospital infection in inpatients of chronic schizophrenia, and SIL-2R is a valuable index for investigation of the hospital of infection.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Astragalus Plant ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Schizophrenia ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology