Objective To evaluate the anti-tumour effect of 60℃ LipiodoI in the embolization of VX_2 hepatocarcinoma in rabbits.Methods VX_2 carcinoma cells were surgically implanted into the left liver lobe in 30 male New Zealand white rabbits,which were randomly divided into 3 groups by figure and table method with 10 rabbits in each group.Physiological saline,Lipiodol(37℃),and Lipiodol(60℃)were injected in each group via hepatic artery and liver cancer was embolized.The volume of tumour and serum level of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were observed after one week,and the survival period of VX_2 rabbits was also observed.Results In the group of Lipiodol(60℃),the growth rate of tumour(0.92? 0.21)was significantly lower than that of control group(3.48?1.17)and Lipiodol(37℃)groups (1.69?0.26),respectively(F=34.95,P0.05),but was significantly higher than the control group(68.6?6.6)U/L(t=19.24,P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (DOX GITS) in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods A total of 4063 BPH patients aged ≥60 years from 16 regions and 86 hospitals were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the previous medication:group 1 (treated with α1 receptor blocker but non-doxazosin),group 2 (treated with drugs without α1 receptor blocker),group 3 (without treatment),group 4 (treated with α1 receptor blocker but non-doxazosin and other drugs for BPH).Patients received DOX GITS with a flexible-dosage for 4 weeks.International prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life (QOL),maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) and adverse effects were assessed.Results After 4 weeks of the treatment,lower urinary tract symptoms were significantly improved in the 4 group.IPSS in the 4 groups were decreased to (12.3±4.6) scores,(12.2±4.6) scores,(10.9±4.5) scores and (9.9±4.4) scores successively.QOL in the 4 groups were improved to (2.8±0.9) scores,(2.8 ±1.0) scores,(2.5±0.9) scores and (2.4±0.9) scores successively.Qma x in the 4 groups were increased to (16.4±4.5) ml/s,(15.0±4.7) ml/s,(15.3±4.8) ml/s and (16.7±5.7) ml/s qsuccessively.There were significant differences in IPSS,QOL and Qmax of the 4 groups between before and after the treatment (P＜0.001).Adverse events were reported in 64％ of patients.The most common adverse events were dizziness of 43 cases (1.06％),postural hypotension of 10 cases (0.25％) and hypotension of 8 cases (0.20％).Conclusions DOX GITS can significantly improveLUTS and quality of life in BPH patients with a good tolerance and compliance.

The paper reported an investigation of the pharmacokinetics of SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin) in rats and the tissue distribution in mice after injection of irinotecan hydrochloride nanoparticles (CPT-11) via tail veins. An LC-MS/MS method was established to determine the concentrations of SN-38 in whole blood of rats and in different tissues of mice. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of SN-38 were compared after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs and CPT-11 solution. Compared with irinotecan solution, the elimination half-life of SN-38 was prolonged from 2.17 h to 2.67 h after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs, but its AUC had little change. After the injection of CPT-11 NPs in mice, over time, the concentrations of CPT-11-metabolized SN-38 in CPT-11 NPs were significantly higher in the whole blood, colon and lungs than those in CPT-11 solution, followed by in the spleen and liver, but those in the heart and brain had no change. However, the amount of SN-38 in the kidneys was reduced with time. CPT-11 NPs could prolong SN-38's (one of its metabolites) blood circulation time in rats and significantly increased the concentration of CPT-11-metabolized SN-38 in the whole blood, colon and lungs of mice. CPT-11 NPs made SN-38 efficiently target-bind to the colon and lungs of mice.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacokinetics ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Colon ; metabolism ; Half-Life ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Distribution

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hypoproteinemia ; etiology ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies ; etiology ; Radionuclide Imaging

Objective To study the effect of balloon dilatation therapy on dysphagia caused by cricopharyn- geal achalasia.Methods Ten cases of dysphagia were diagnosed as cricopharyngeal achalasia by videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS).A 14~* urethral catheter was inserted into the esophagus and an amount of water was injec- ted into the balloon of the urethral catheter to make it turgid.Then the catheter was pulled upwards and passed through the stricture of esophagus to dilatate the cricopbarygeus muscle.Meanwhile,low frequency electrical stimula- tion was used and combined with functional training of the organs related to deglutition and ingestion.The results be- fore and after the treatment were evaluated.Results After 19.7 times of dilatation therapy,the content of water in- jected into the balloon was increased from 2.65?0.91 ml to 8.20?0.92 ml.Cricopharyngeal achalasia was alle- viated significantly(P

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of the tubeless minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in treatment of upper ureteral calculi.Methods From March 2014 to March 2015,all the patients with upper ureteral calculi except for those with severe infection,pyonephrosis or renal cortex less than 5 mm were randomized into two groups,the standard PCNL group (24 F nephrostomy tube) and the mini-PCNL group (18 F nephrostomy tube).After PCNL,all the patients received ultrasound examination to check residual stones,perforation and urine leakage.DJ tube was placed and the channel of PCNL was packed with hemostatic sponge without nephrostomy tube.There were 26 patients in standard group and 28 in mini-group.The operation time,postoperative hemoglobin change,postoperative visual analogue pain score (VAS),the time when urine turned clean,postoperative urinary extravasation,hydrothorax,fever and the stone-free rate were compared between two groups.Particularly,these data were compared in those aged＞65 years.Results The operation time in the standard PCNL and the mini-PCNL group was (58.3 ±21.8) and (86.4±23.3) minutes respectively,and had a significant difference (t=10.836,P＜0.05).The decrease in hemoglobin level was (8.3±5.8) g/L and (7.7±0.5.4) g/L,the VAS scores was (3.8±0.8) and (3.6±1.1),the time when urine turned clean was (11.9±4.7) h and (9.6±5.6) h,the postoperative hospital stay was (5.1±0.8) d and (4.8±1.2) d,and the stone free rate was 92.3％ and 89.2％ in standard PCNL and mini-PCNL group respectively(P＞ 0.05).No significant difference were found between two groups (all P＞0.05).There was one patient who got fever more than 38.5℃ in the standard group and 2 cases in the mini-group.Each group had 1 slight hydrothorax,and no blood infusion and perinephric urinary extravasation were found.The application of packing hemostatic sponge in the nephrostomy channel was feasible and suitable for both the standard and tubeless mini-PCNL groups.Conclusions The application of packing hemostatic sponge in the nephrostomy channel is feasible and suitable in both the standard and tubeless miniPCNL.It is safe for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi,and it can decrease the hemorrhage and urine leakage,which works for the elderly patients too.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum IL-23 in predicting the progression of prostate cancer at different stages of treatment.Methods:A total of 124 patients with metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed in Beijing Hospital from June 2018 to March 2019 were collected.Patients were TNM-staged according to the Prostate Cancer Guidelines of the European Association of Urology.Serum IL-23 levels were measured in patients with metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer(mCRPC), metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer(mCSPC)and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), respectively.Patients with mCRPC were subgrouped based on disease stability, and serum IL-23 levels were compared between the subgroups.Serum IL-23 levels in the groups were analyzed and compared with the Gleason score and the prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level.Results:The median value of serum IL-23 in the mCRPC group was 79.73(45.61, 95.63)μg/L, which was higher than that in the BPH group[30.88(15.01, 44.94)μg/L, Z=22.66, P=0.000]and the mCSPC group[46.10(35.27, 80.92)μg/L, Z=11.46, P=0.001]. Serum IL-23 levels were higher in the mCSPC group than in the BPH group( Z=7.17, P=0.007). Analysis for the subgroups showed that the median value of serum IL-23 was 110.25(88.47, 159.09)μg/L in mCRPC patients with unstable disease, which was higher than that in mCRPC patients with stable disease[46.52(44.97, 80.33)μg/L, Z=33.99, P=0.000]. There was no significant difference in serum IL-23 levels between mCRPC patients with stable disease and mCSPC patients[46.10(35.27, 80.92)μg/L]( Z=0.35, P=0.554). Conclusions:Serum IL-23 can be used as a potential biological indicator to predict the therapeutic effect of mCSPC and to predict tumor metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the morbidity trend of prostate cancer since the clinical usage of PSA was introduced in Beijing Hospital.Methods Retrospectively we analyzed prostate cancer cases diagnosed in Beijing Hospital from 1995 to 2008.The incidence, age, PSA and clinical stage at diagnosis were taken into account.Results Four hundred and thirty-two cases were enrolled into the study.Who were aged 40 - 90 years old, mean age 72.0 ± 7.8 years.The most frequent age at diagnosis was 70 to 79 years.The incidence increased annually with the most significant increase taking place in 2007 and 2008.Compared with the period 1995 to 1999, the localized prostate cancer rate between 2004 and 2008 increased from 23.9% to 36.3%; the metastatic prostate cancer rate decreased from 49.3% to 32.1%; the rate of patients with PSA 4 - 10 ng,/ml increased from 12.7% to 29.2%; the rate of PSA ＞ 100 ng/ml decreased from 22.5% to 13.2%.Conclusions The incidence and early detection rate of prostate cancer in Beijing Hospital increased from 1995 to 2008.The age at diagnosis had not significantly changed.However, the early detection rate should be improved.

Tumor brings great threat to human public health. In recent years, incidence rate and mortality of tumor were rapidly increased in the world. Anti-tumor therapies have undergone the development of cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Among them, tumor immunotherapy is rapidly developed and becomes an important anti-tumor therapy in recent years, although it also brings some related side effects. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of immune cells, vascular vessels, fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, etc. TME significantly affects the efficacy of immunotherapy. Macrophages in the TME are named as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Recently, increasing studies have shown that TAMs play an important role in the regulation of tumor immunity, especially in tumor immune surveillance and immune escape. Currently, more and more anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting TAMs are at the development stage. Based on the important role of TAMs in the TME and their potential as therapeutic targets in tumor immunotherapy, we first reviewed the subtypes and functions of TAMs, as well as the roles of TAMs in tumors. Furthermore, we summarized the research progress on anti-tumor strategies targeting TAMs and the current status of drug targeting TAMs. The current review will provide new ideas and novel insights for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To analyse the correlation of age and BMI with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)in male younger than 50 years of age. Methods The routine health examination data of 6808 males, younger than 50 years of age, were collected and reviewed. The height and weight were measured, so as to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Serum PSA was also examined. Eligible men were classified into age groups spanning 10 years. BMI was categorized as normal (BMI 18. 5 - 22. 9) , overweight (BMI 23. 0-24. 9), obese (BMI 25. 0 - 29. 9) , and very obese (BMI≥30. 0) according to the re-defined World Health Organization criterion for the Asia Pacific Region. PSA levels were stratified by age and BMI category. Results The mean age was (39. 2±7. 0)years, mean BMI (25. 6± 4. 7)kg/m~2 and mean PSA (0. 89±0. 56)ng/ml for the whole population. The PSA level in 10 - 19 age group was significantly lower than the other three groups (P<0. 01) and no significant difference was found among the other three groups. The BMI had negative correlated with PSA even when comparing in sub-age groups, except the 10-19 age group. Spearman analysis also found PSA had significant positive correlation with age and negative correlation with BMI. Conclusions Serum PSA level changes significantly with age in adolescence whereas quite slowly between 20-50 years of age. BMI has negative influence on PSA in male younger than 50 years of age.