Objective:To observe the changes of visual evoked potential(VEP)in diabetic rats and the influence of nerve growth factor(NGF)and aminoguanidine(AG)on VEP.Methods:Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats with streptozotocin(STZ).Rats were divided into normal control group(CON),diabetes model group(DM).NGF-treated group(D +N)and AG-treated group(D+A).VEP was measured during the 3~(rd)month,6~(th)month,9~(th)month,and 12~(th)month.Results: Compared with the CON group,all rest groups had longer latencies and lower amplitudes(P

Objective To study the role of Foxp3 + CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells(Foxp3 + CD4 + CD25 + Tregs) and Foxp3mRNA in pathogenesis of passive transferred myasthenia gravis(PTMG) by detecting their expression in a PTMG model.Methods Sixteen C57BL/6 young female mice were divided into model group and control group.A PTMG model was established by injecting Ringer's solution containing 1.0 mg/kg mAb35 into abdominal cavity.Mice in control group were injected with Ringer's solution not containing mAb35.Levels of CD4 + CD25 + T cells and Foxp3 + CD4 + CD25 + Tregs in spleen cells were measured by flow cytometry.Expression of Foxp3 mRNA in spleen cells was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-FQ-PCR).Serum level of interleukin-2 and interferon-? was detected by ELISA.Results The ratio of CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD4 + T cells was higher in model group(8.82 ? 0.74)% than in control group(9.89 ? 0.88)%(P

Animals ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; drug therapy ; Leptin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains

Asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) in plants belong to the family of cysteine protease that undergo self-activation in the form of zymogen in acidic vacuole and play important physiological roles in maturation of seed storage proteins, protein degradation, programmed cell death and host defense. Bioprocessing enzymes (peptidyl Asx-specific ligases, PALs) that promote the maturation of cyclotides have recently been isolated and identified from several cyclotide-rich plants. PALs derived from AEPs can site-specifically catalyze the formation of asparagine or aspartate peptide bonds. Due to the advantages of relatively traceless peptide bonds and broad substrate spectrum and high catalytic efficiency, they have been playing important roles in the cyclization and modification of peptides and proteins, and are powerful tools for improving the stability of peptide drugs. This review describes the physiological functions of AEPs in plants and summarizes the discoveries, structural characteristics, catalytic mechanism and protein engineering of PALs, as well as the limitation of their applications and future trends. In addition, the applications of PALs in cyclotides biosynthesis and the development of macrocyclic peptides are highlighted, with the aim of providing a new idea for the biocatalytic synthesis of cyclic peptides.

Objective To explore clinicopathological features and prognosis of juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT).Methods Patients were divided into JGCT group (n=10) and the adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) group (n=10).The tumor samples were examined by HE and immunohistochemical methods.Results Age of JGCT group ranged from 7-31 years (average 20.5 years);90% occurred before 30 years old.Diameter of the tumors ranged from 5.5 cm to 15.0 cm,average 9.8 cm.Characteristic features included nodular arrangement,irregular formation of follicles containing muein and luteinization, atypical hyperplasia of ceils and high mitotic activity.Nuclei grooved and Call-Exner bodies were absent or rare.Survival rate was 90% in 5 years.Age of AGCT group ranged from 14-74 years (average 45.1 years);AGCT occurred mostly in over 40 years old.Atypical hyperplasia of cell,mitotic activity and luteinization were absent or rare.Nuclei grooved and eall-Exner bodies were common.Survival rate was 100% in 5 years.Immunohistochemical staining were positive for p53 at 70%,PCNA at 90% in 10 cases of JGCT and p53 at 10%,PCNA at 20% in 10 cases of AGCT(P

Objective To explore molecular mechanism and the curative effect of Yisuishengxue powder and its function of the hepersensitive site 2 (HS2) in ?-globin gene cluster locus control region binding with nucleoprotein.Methods After 3 months treatment of Yisuishengxue powder, nucleoprotein was extracted from the morrow cell before and after treatment. The HS2 DNA probes was combined with nucleoproteins.Electrophoresis gel mobile lag was utilized for observing the mobile velocity of DNA segment.Observe the mobile velocity of DNA probes.Results The mobile velocity of probes combined with nucleoproteins before treatment was different form that of the controls, while it was very close to the controls after treatment.Conclusions It is suggested that this compounding medicine might affect the DNA segment of HS2 site in ?-LCR binding with nucleoprotein GATA-1, which may be one molecular mechanism of Chinese herb therapy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on spastic pelvic floor syndrome (SPFS) treated with electroacupuncture (EA) at Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34).

METHODSThirty-six cases of SPFS were treated with EA at Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34), intermittent wave, 60 times/min in frequency, retained for 20 min. In general, the acupoints on one side were stimulated in each treatment. The bilateral acupoints stimulation was applied in serious cases. The treatment was given once every two days, five treatments made one session and totally three sessions were required. Before and after treatment, the clinical symptoms, anal kinetic indices defecation radiographic changes were observed. The follow-up observation was done in three months after the end of treatment.

RESULTSIn three-months follow-up after treatment, 14 cases were cured, 18 cases improved and 4 cases failed. The total effective rate was 88. 9%. After treatment, the cases of incomplete defecation, difficult defecation, anal pain and anal obstruction were reduced apparently as compared with those before treatment, indicating the statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). After treatment, rectal anal reflex threshold (ARA) was increased, anal maximal contraction pressure (AMCP) was reduced to (16.62±1.54) kPa and anal rest pressure (ARP) was significantly reduced to (7.22±0.36) kPa, indicating the statistical differences as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). After treatment, anorectal angle (ARA) in forceful defecation was increased to (116.55±9.42)°, the distance between the anorectal junction and the pubococcygeal line was decreased, and the impression of puborectal muscle was alleviated apparently as compared with that before treatment (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA at Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34) achieves definite efficacy on SPFS and this therapeutic method obviously relieves the symptoms and deserves to be promoted in clinic.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Anus Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Defecation ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Spasticity ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pelvic Floor ; pathology

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlationship between clinical and histopathological results of adrenocortical hyperplasia,adenoma and adenocarcinoma in the adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular and reticular zones. MethodsA total number of 167 702 surgical specimens were collected by the Department of pathology at the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 1993 -2008.Of these,there were 631 adrenocortical specimens.Statistic analysis was done with Run test,t or t'test and x2 test on data in the aspects of proportion rate,mean age,sex proportion and relationship between clinical and pathological results of adrenocortical diseases.ResultsThe total number of adrenal diseases and adrenocortical diseases were 910 cases (0.54％) and 631 cases (0.38％),respectively.The number of adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular,reticular diseases were 310 cases (49.13％),319 cases (50.55％) and 2 cases (0.32％),respectively.The rate of adrenal diseases and adrenocortical diseases specimens did not change during the 16 year study period.The trend in proportion of hyperplasia,adenoma,adenocarcinoma in adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular and reticular zones did not change as well.The proportion pattern showed that there were more cases of adenoma than of hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma.The functional diseases of adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular and reticular zone (90.97％,79.00％,100.00％ ) were higher than nonfunctional diseases in the corresponding zones (9.03％,21.00％,0％ ) and both were higher in female patients.The mean age of nonfunctional patients with adenoma,glomerular zone adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia,adenoma of fascicular zone was higher than that in functional diseases.Interestingly,the mean age of glomerular zone adenocarcinoma patients (62.7 yrs) was higher than that in hyperplasia patients (47.8 yrs) and in adenoma patients (44.8 yrs).The mean and male diagnostic ages of adenocarcinoma of fascicular (44.3 yrs,50.0 yra) were higher than that in adenoma (44.0 yrs,49.1 yrs) and hyperplasia (41.5 yrs,40.9 yrs) respectively.But the female mean diagnostic age of fascicular adenocarcinoma (38.7 yrs) was lower than that in adenoma (42.4 yrs) and hyperplasia (41.9 yrs) respectively and the lowest average age was for nonfunctional adenocarcinoma (34.4 yrs).The diameters of the functional and nonfunctional adenocarcinoma were large (4.3 cm and 4.0 cm in glomerular zone,7.1 cm and 8.0 cm in fascicular zone).The carcinoma cells were in serious atyrpia,haemorrhage,necrosis and capsular or vascular infiltration.The rates of functional hyperplasia,adenoma with hypertension in Conn,Cushing or adrenogenital syndrome of adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular,reticular zone were higher than that without hypertension,but their tumor diameters were similar.The diameters of functional adenoma in glomerular or fascicularer ( 1.7 cm,2.3 cm ) were lower than that of nonfunctional adenoma (2.3 cm,2.4 cm ) and the diameters of glomerular tumors were smaller than that of fascicular tumors.Nonfunctional adenoma ( 2.5 cm,2.0 cm ) of glomerular or fascicular by check up finding were bigger than that of non-endocrine adenoma ( 2.5 cm,2.3cm).There were seven cases with adrenogenital syndrome (2 male cases,5 female cases ),among these,there were 4 fascicularer adenoma cases,1 adenocarcinoma case,1 network hyperplasia case and 1 adenoma case.ConclusionsGenetic abnormality plays an important role in pathogenesis of adrenocortical disease and environment had less influence.Radiological examinations (CT and MRI) of adrenocortical diseases are the first choice and have important roles in evaluating tumor characteristics.There is close relationship between clinical manifestation and pathology.However,the exact diagnosis of definite type of disease and nature of tumor needs to be made by pathologic examination.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Infarction ; etiology ; Kidney ; blood supply ; Male ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; complications ; Thrombosis ; complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical application value of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) by analyzing the positive rate of HIV tests for people in need of PITC and that of routine HIV tests.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the demographic and epidemiologic data about the patients seeking PITC services or undergoing routine HIV tests in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January and December 2013.

RESULTSThe positive rate of initial HIV screening was 1.98% in the PITC group and 0.24% in the routine test group, while that of confirmed HIV was 0. 40% in the former and 0.07% in the latter, both with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01). The positive rate of HIV was markedly higher in males than in females, particularly in the PITC group.

CONCLUSIONPITC has a high clinical value in HIV detection for targeted subjects and therefore deserves general application in dermatology.

Counseling ; Dermatology ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors