Immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation are highly effective in preventing acute rejection. However,the clinical use of the drugs is complicated by the fact that they display highly variable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics among in-dividual patients. The influence of genetic variation on the interindividual variability in immunosuppressive drug disposition,efficacy and toxicity has been explored in recent years. The review summarized all kinds of immunosuppressants and their relationship with ge-netic polymorphisms,including the SNPs of related enzymes about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,the SNPs of donor and tar-get site. The review focused on the current situation and progress in the related research areas.

[Objective] To observe the effects of pine pollen on the changes of p16INK4a and p21WAF1 in 2BS cells.[Method]The 2BS cells were cultured from 28 population doubling(PD)and divided equally into the young control group,old control group,middle-dose pine pollen group(120mg/dl)and high-dose pine pollen group(240mg/dl)randomly.Regulate the phases of cell cycle by flow cytometry,and then the expression of p16INK4a,p21WAF1 mRNA were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.[Result]The amount of cells in G1 phase was depressed in middle-dose pine pollen group(72.73%?1.76%)and high-dose pine pollen group(64.15%?0.87%)than in old control group(81.33%?3.43%)noticeablely(P

Animals ; Humans ; Virus Diseases ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To study the effect of multi drug combination therapy of children allergic purpura.Methods 80 cases of children with Henoch Schonlein purpura in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected,these children were randomly divided into methylprednisolone,cimetidine and loratadine treatment group(treatment group)and methylprednisolone treatment group(control group),40 cases in each groups,the clinical curative effects,rash regression time,joint pain relief time,abdominal pain relief time,hematochezia disappeared time,urine recovery time,hospitalization time,incidences of adverse reaction and recurrences of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The total treatment efficiency of the treatment group was 95％(38/40),which was significantly higher than the control group 70％(28/40),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the rash regression,joint pain relief time,abdominal pain relief time,hospitalization time of the treatment group were significantly shorter than the control group(P<0.05),but the differences the stool disappear time,urine recovery time,incidences of adverse reactions,recurrence rate between the two groups were not significant.Conclusion The effect of multi drug combination therapy of children with allergic purpura is better than single drug alone,can shorten the time of disappearance of symptoms of patients,reduce hospital stay.

Heart ; drug effects ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitrogen Oxides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective To evaluate the actual displacement of a femoral neck fracture following close reduction under the C-arm X-ray perspective.Methods From June, 2006 to June, 2009, we managed 12 patients with femoral neck fracture by open reduction and internal fixation.They were 8 males and 4 females, aged from 23 to 65 (average, 42.3) years old.We tried close reduction of their fractures under the C-arm X-ray perspective before a temporary fixation.Next we performed open reduction, readjusted the fracture ends, and placed internal fixation.The actual displacement of the fracture measured after open reduction was carefully compared with the close reduction under the X-ray perspective.Results A substantial displacement was found after open reduction in 7 patients who had achieved anatomic reduction under the X-ray perspective.In the other 5 patients who presented with a slight displacement after close reduction under X-ray perspective, the actual displacements were larger than the X-ray observations but completely reduced after open reduction.The actual measurements after open reduction were significantly larger (3.21 ± 0.96 mm on average) in the anteroposterior displacement ( t = 11.540, P = 0.000), but insignificantly larger (0.58 ±0.93 mm on average) in the superior-inferior displacement ( t = 2.184, P = 0.346) than those after close reduction.Conclusions In general, anatomic reduction can not be achieved for a femoral neck fracture under the C-arm X-ray perspective.Consequently, open reduction may be better than close reduction in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in that improper reduction can block blood supply to the femoral neck and dissection of the capsula articularis coxae can improve blood supply as well as help decompression.

Objective To investigate the changes of expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) after sleep deprivation(SD) in rats,and to study the effects of Xingnaojing on them. Methods Rapid eye movement(REM) SD models(SD group,n=40) were established by the modified multiple platform methods.The rats in SD group were subjected to drug intervention group(n=20) and non-drug intervention group(n=20).Xingnaojing injection was administered to the drug intervention group.Rats in SD group were deprived of sleep for 1,3,5 and 7 d. The expression of nNOS in brain tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The rats without SD were severed as cage control group(n=10) and tank control group(n=10). Results The expression of positive cells of nNOS in brain tissues increased with the time of SD,and Xingnaojing decreased the number of positive cells of nNOS.The area density of positive reaction cells in SD group was significantly higher than those in cage control group and tank control group(P

Sleep plays an important role in the modulation of endocrine function and energy metabolism;hormone levels are markedly different during a sleepless night compared with a night of normal sleep.Sleep deprivation may change the levels of cortisol,growth hormone(GH)and thyrotropin(TSH)at night.In addition,sleep curtailment disturbs the balance of anorexi- genic(leptin)and orexigenic(ghrelin)factors,and does harmful to glucose tolerance.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy