Immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation are highly effective in preventing acute rejection. However,the clinical use of the drugs is complicated by the fact that they display highly variable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics among in-dividual patients. The influence of genetic variation on the interindividual variability in immunosuppressive drug disposition,efficacy and toxicity has been explored in recent years. The review summarized all kinds of immunosuppressants and their relationship with ge-netic polymorphisms,including the SNPs of related enzymes about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,the SNPs of donor and tar-get site. The review focused on the current situation and progress in the related research areas.

[Objective] To observe the effects of pine pollen on the changes of p16INK4a and p21WAF1 in 2BS cells.[Method]The 2BS cells were cultured from 28 population doubling(PD)and divided equally into the young control group,old control group,middle-dose pine pollen group(120mg/dl)and high-dose pine pollen group(240mg/dl)randomly.Regulate the phases of cell cycle by flow cytometry,and then the expression of p16INK4a,p21WAF1 mRNA were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.[Result]The amount of cells in G1 phase was depressed in middle-dose pine pollen group(72.73%?1.76%)and high-dose pine pollen group(64.15%?0.87%)than in old control group(81.33%?3.43%)noticeablely(P

Animals ; Humans ; Virus Diseases ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To observe the differences of retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetic and healthy subjects.Methods Seventy-one diabetic patients and 91 healthy persons were included diabetes group and control group respectively.Oxygen saturation was measured in retinal blood vessels in two groups using retinal Oxymap.The oxygen saturation in retinal arteries and veins about 1.5-3.0 disc-diameter from center of optic disc was analyzed by instrumental software.Results Among 71 cases of diabetics,there was no significant difference in retinal oxygen saturation between male and female,among different ages and duration of disorder (all P ＞ 0.05).The retinal average arteriolar oxygen saturation in diabetes group was higher than that in control group (P =0.00).The diabetes group had the higher arteriolar oxygen saturation in all the quadrants,while only the superior temporal and inferior temporal showed significant difference statistically (all P ＜0.05).The retinal average venous oxygen saturation in diabetes group showed an upward trend although with no significance (P ＞0.05).Venous oxygen saturation in the diabetes group were higher in retinal superior temporal and inferior temporal quadrant and lower in retinal inferior nasal quadrant,there were significant statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The retinal arterio-venous oxygen saturation differences in diabetes group was higher than that in control group,there was significant statistical difference (P =0.00).Conclusion There is significant difference in retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetics and healthy subjects.There are different degrees of changes in retinal oxygen saturation among different quadrants,indicating uneven distribution of retinal oxygen metabolism in each quadrant.

Objective To evaluate the actual displacement of a femoral neck fracture following close reduction under the C-arm X-ray perspective.Methods From June, 2006 to June, 2009, we managed 12 patients with femoral neck fracture by open reduction and internal fixation.They were 8 males and 4 females, aged from 23 to 65 (average, 42.3) years old.We tried close reduction of their fractures under the C-arm X-ray perspective before a temporary fixation.Next we performed open reduction, readjusted the fracture ends, and placed internal fixation.The actual displacement of the fracture measured after open reduction was carefully compared with the close reduction under the X-ray perspective.Results A substantial displacement was found after open reduction in 7 patients who had achieved anatomic reduction under the X-ray perspective.In the other 5 patients who presented with a slight displacement after close reduction under X-ray perspective, the actual displacements were larger than the X-ray observations but completely reduced after open reduction.The actual measurements after open reduction were significantly larger (3.21 ± 0.96 mm on average) in the anteroposterior displacement ( t = 11.540, P = 0.000), but insignificantly larger (0.58 ±0.93 mm on average) in the superior-inferior displacement ( t = 2.184, P = 0.346) than those after close reduction.Conclusions In general, anatomic reduction can not be achieved for a femoral neck fracture under the C-arm X-ray perspective.Consequently, open reduction may be better than close reduction in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in that improper reduction can block blood supply to the femoral neck and dissection of the capsula articularis coxae can improve blood supply as well as help decompression.

Heart ; drug effects ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitrogen Oxides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Child, Preschool ; Histoplasmosis ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Mycobacterium Infections ; etiology

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features of the phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. Methods The clinicopatho-logical data, histology and immunohistochemical findings of 12 cases of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors were retrospectively analyzed with review of the relevant literature. Results Among the 12 patients studied, 8 were males and 4 were females. Their age at the time of operation ranged from 23 to 63 years (mean=40. 5 years). The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 to 14 years (mean =5. 6 years) . A history of long-standing bone pain, arthralgia, limitation in movement, accompanied with hypophosphatemia and hyperphos-phaturia were present in all cases. The tumors size ranged from 1 to 7. 5 cm ( mean size=2. 7 cm) . The tumors were primarily com-posed of spindle cells, and were accompanied with osteoclast-like giant cells partly. Their background were rich in blood vessels. In addition, there were scattered tufed thick vascular anomaly, thin vascular, islands of mature adipocytes and chondroid cells. In 7 of the 12 cases, there were dystrophic calcification in an unusual flocculent. Spindle epithelium were noted in 2 cases. Mitotic figures were rare in 10 cases. In 2 of the 12 cases however, mitotic figures were commonly encountered, and in 1 of the 2 cases, heterotypic cells were notablely observed as well. On immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells were all positive for vimentin and CD56. The positivi-ty for NSE, CD99, BCL-2 in 11, 8 and 7 cases were expressed in 12 cases. In 4 and 6 of the 12 cases, CD34 and SMA were positive in various degree. Ki-67 proliferation index were less than 5% in 10 cases, and 10% and 25% in 2 cases. The duration of follow-up ranged from 2 to 108 months ( mean=22 months) . 2 cases were recurred at 72 and 84 months after the operation, respectively. So far, the remaining 10 cases had no recurrence and metastasis. Conclusioin The phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are either benign or low-grade malignant. Their histomorphology are multivariable and short of specificity. It is important to make the correct diagnosis in combination with their common features and clinical datas.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medication Adherence