Immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation are highly effective in preventing acute rejection. However,the clinical use of the drugs is complicated by the fact that they display highly variable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics among in-dividual patients. The influence of genetic variation on the interindividual variability in immunosuppressive drug disposition,efficacy and toxicity has been explored in recent years. The review summarized all kinds of immunosuppressants and their relationship with ge-netic polymorphisms,including the SNPs of related enzymes about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,the SNPs of donor and tar-get site. The review focused on the current situation and progress in the related research areas.

[Objective] To observe the effects of pine pollen on the changes of p16INK4a and p21WAF1 in 2BS cells.[Method]The 2BS cells were cultured from 28 population doubling(PD)and divided equally into the young control group,old control group,middle-dose pine pollen group(120mg/dl)and high-dose pine pollen group(240mg/dl)randomly.Regulate the phases of cell cycle by flow cytometry,and then the expression of p16INK4a,p21WAF1 mRNA were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.[Result]The amount of cells in G1 phase was depressed in middle-dose pine pollen group(72.73%?1.76%)and high-dose pine pollen group(64.15%?0.87%)than in old control group(81.33%?3.43%)noticeablely(P

Animals ; Humans ; Virus Diseases ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Heart ; drug effects ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitrogen Oxides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medication Adherence

Child, Preschool ; Histoplasmosis ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Mycobacterium Infections ; etiology

Objective To observe the differences of retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetic and healthy subjects.Methods Seventy-one diabetic patients and 91 healthy persons were included diabetes group and control group respectively.Oxygen saturation was measured in retinal blood vessels in two groups using retinal Oxymap.The oxygen saturation in retinal arteries and veins about 1.5-3.0 disc-diameter from center of optic disc was analyzed by instrumental software.Results Among 71 cases of diabetics,there was no significant difference in retinal oxygen saturation between male and female,among different ages and duration of disorder (all P ＞ 0.05).The retinal average arteriolar oxygen saturation in diabetes group was higher than that in control group (P =0.00).The diabetes group had the higher arteriolar oxygen saturation in all the quadrants,while only the superior temporal and inferior temporal showed significant difference statistically (all P ＜0.05).The retinal average venous oxygen saturation in diabetes group showed an upward trend although with no significance (P ＞0.05).Venous oxygen saturation in the diabetes group were higher in retinal superior temporal and inferior temporal quadrant and lower in retinal inferior nasal quadrant,there were significant statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The retinal arterio-venous oxygen saturation differences in diabetes group was higher than that in control group,there was significant statistical difference (P =0.00).Conclusion There is significant difference in retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetics and healthy subjects.There are different degrees of changes in retinal oxygen saturation among different quadrants,indicating uneven distribution of retinal oxygen metabolism in each quadrant.

Sleep plays an important role in the modulation of endocrine function and energy metabolism;hormone levels are markedly different during a sleepless night compared with a night of normal sleep.Sleep deprivation may change the levels of cortisol,growth hormone(GH)and thyrotropin(TSH)at night.In addition,sleep curtailment disturbs the balance of anorexi- genic(leptin)and orexigenic(ghrelin)factors,and does harmful to glucose tolerance.