AIM To investigate the effect of allicin on the regulation of VEGF mRNA expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were treated with the concentration 10 ?g?L -1 allicin in culture medium,and then the relative VEGF mRNA level at 8 h in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using HPRT(hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase)as an internal control standard. RESULTS The expression of VEGF gene mRNA was inhibited obviously by allicin. Compared with control group, the relative expression level of VEGF gene mRNA was decreased by about 66 36%( P

Covered in the paper are concepts and contents of medical risk and emergency response technology.Based on a description of medical risk information management experiences in Japan,Sweden and the United States and the current studies of medical risk response information management,the paper proposed measures for China in medical risk information emergency technology.Recommendations made include establishing a comprehensive emergency medical risk information management system,scientific medical risk information collection,monitoring,assessment,early warning systems,as well as building an intelligent risk emergency information decision system and establishing medical risk communication channels,thereby preventing effectively the occurrence of medical risks.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and self?harm/suicide in China from 2006 to 2016. Methods Data in this study are from the datasets of National Death Cause Surveillance from 2006 to 2016 and the National Injury Surveillance Dataset 2016. The age?standardized death rate based on the population census in 2000 was used to describe the trend of suicide over years. This study also described the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and the demographic characteristics, suicide methods and severity of patients who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury in 2016. Results Age?standardized suicide mortality had been declining from 9.23/100 000 in 2006 to 5.33/100 000 in 2016 by 42.25%. Suicide mortality increased with age. In 2016, the suicide mortality in China was 7.05/100 000, and among people over 85 years old was 49.49/100 000. In 2016, the dominant two suicide methods were poisoning (39.12%) and sharp injury (25.62%). The first leading method of suicide in rural population, urban population and young people aged 10?to 17?year?old was poisoning (65.13%), sharp injury (29.90%) and fall (25.47%), respectively. As age increased, the severity of suicide/self?inflicted injury increased. The proportions of serious cases among young people aged 10?to 17?year?old and older people aged 60 years old and above who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury were 4.88% and 26.86%, respectively. Conclusion China's suicide mortality has been declining and special attention should be given to the suicide of old people.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and self?harm/suicide in China from 2006 to 2016. Methods Data in this study are from the datasets of National Death Cause Surveillance from 2006 to 2016 and the National Injury Surveillance Dataset 2016. The age?standardized death rate based on the population census in 2000 was used to describe the trend of suicide over years. This study also described the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and the demographic characteristics, suicide methods and severity of patients who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury in 2016. Results Age?standardized suicide mortality had been declining from 9.23/100 000 in 2006 to 5.33/100 000 in 2016 by 42.25%. Suicide mortality increased with age. In 2016, the suicide mortality in China was 7.05/100 000, and among people over 85 years old was 49.49/100 000. In 2016, the dominant two suicide methods were poisoning (39.12%) and sharp injury (25.62%). The first leading method of suicide in rural population, urban population and young people aged 10?to 17?year?old was poisoning (65.13%), sharp injury (29.90%) and fall (25.47%), respectively. As age increased, the severity of suicide/self?inflicted injury increased. The proportions of serious cases among young people aged 10?to 17?year?old and older people aged 60 years old and above who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury were 4.88% and 26.86%, respectively. Conclusion China's suicide mortality has been declining and special attention should be given to the suicide of old people.

This paper discusses the mechanism of cellobiose in fungal cellulase induction a nd repression, and its inhibition of cellulases hydrolytic activity. Depending on the research result of cellulose binding domain, our hypothesis is that the main function of Exo-1,4-?-glucanase is to destroy th e crystal structure of cellulose to facilitaty hydrolyzing of ?-1,4 glucosidic bonds. A new strategy for the efficient transformation of cellulose material is advanced at t he end.

Objective To investigate the feasibility,advantage and clinical effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic in the treatment of sharp injury hemopneumothorax.Methods 53 cases in our hospital of sharp injury hemopneumothorax who need operation treatment were divided into the observation group (VATS group) and the control group(Open group),which were treated by Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and the traditional thoracotomy surgery respectively.The clinical effects,such as operative time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stays,postoperative chest lead flow and so on were compared.Results The operation time,bleeding volume,length of hospital stay,postoperative chest lead flow and pleural drainage days have significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion VATS has shorter operative time,less intraoperative blood loss and quicker recovery after operation,which is a better and safer treatment of sharp injury hemopneumothorax and deserves further clinical application.

Objective: Based on nationwide cardiovascular surgery registry database, to analyze the current status and future development of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery (MICS) in China.
Methods: There were 45 institutions from 19 provinces nationwide involved in Chinese cardiovascular surgery technique registry study. A total of 16480 adult patients with cardiovascular surgery from 2010-09 to 2012-03 were divided into 2 groups, Conventional surgery group, n=14503 and MICS group, n=1977. The basic clinical conditions were analyzed and compared between 2 groups in order to explore the current status and future development of MICS in China.
Results: Compared with Conventional surgery group, the patients in MICS group had the younger age, better and stable pre-operative condition. In MICS group, compared with 4 other common procedures, the patients who received hybrid procedure had obviously shorter cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic occlusion time, ventilator using time, ICU and in-hospital stay time, meanwhile decreased post-operative drainage volume;except for Robotic surgery, it required less red blood cells and plasma at during and post-operative time, all P<0.01. There were 12 (0.6%) in-hospital death in MICS group, the total complication rate was at 4%.
Conclusion: MICS are widely used in China, its short-term safety and efifcacy are conifrmed. Upon cardiovascular disease spectrum changing, the MICS procedures will be adjusted accordingly.

Objective To investigate the roles of sphingosine kinasel (SPK1) in apoptosis,invasiveness and multidrug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-FU.Methods BEL-FU cells were infected with adenovirus carrying SPK1wT gene and SPK1siRNA (Ad-H1-SPK1) gene.Their effects on biological characteristics of BEL-FU cells were evaluated by MTT,cellular SPK enzyme activity assay,Transwell Migration Technology and Western-blot,respectively.Results AdSPK1wT significantly increased SPK activity but SPK1siRNA(Ad-H1-SPK1) decreased SPK activity.Over expression of SPK1 suppressed the apoptosis induced by DMS(Dimethyl sphingosine,DMS) and enhanced migration of BEL-FU cells.The cells infected with SPK1 siRNA( Ad-H1-SPK1)significantly increased the apoptosis induced by DMS and inhibited the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.The expression of multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1) of cells infected with SPK1siRNA (Ad-H1-SPK1) was suppressed significantly compared with the control group,while the expression of MRP1 infected with Ad- SPK1wT was enhanced.Conclusion SPK1 activity is closely associated with apoptosis、migration and multidrug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells,therefore,it may serve as a new target for HCC treatment.

ObjectiveTo assess the cause of tadalafil failure and the feasibility of successfully rechallenging nonresponding patients.Methods A total of 80 consecutive erectile dysfunction ( ED ) patients who claimed poor response to tadalafil were enrolled into the study.A self-administered tadalafil-use questionnaire composed of eight questions was applied to assess how they had used tadalafil.Subjects were given thorough instruction based on individual answers and four doses of tadalafil 20mg.After a 2-week follow-up,end point efficacy of rechallenge was evaluated using the sexual encounter profile (SEP),which was recommended by international advisory panel in 2004.ResultsA total of 45 subjects had one or more areas of major suboptimal use of tadalafil:21.2％ did not know that sexual stimulation was necessary for tadalafil to work,87.5％ attempted to use tadalafil less than four times,57.5％ took a maximal dose less than 20 mg,and 84％ felt nervous or anxious.Of the 65 patients undergoing tadalafil rechallenge,30 patients answered “yes” to SEP2 and SEP3.The response rate to rechallenge was 46.2％ ( 30/65 ).ConclusionsInappropriate use of tadalafil was major cause of tadalafil non-pesponse.The efficacy of tadalafil could be improved to a better extent by education of patients.

This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of gastric banding (GB), Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) in the treatment of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ani-mal models of T2DM were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and high-sugar-fat diets. A total of 70 T2DM rats were randomly allocated into the GB group (G group, n = 20), RYGBP group (R group, n = 20), BPD group ( B group , n = 20 ) , and the sham operation group ( S group , n = 10 ) . The fasting blood glucose ( BG ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) and insulin ( INS ) content were determined before and 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8 , 16 weeks after operation. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. The mortality and complications were ob-served in each group. The results showed that the fasting weight of the GB group, RYGBP group and BPD group were (324.4 ± 22.5) g, (338.9 ± 17.5) g, (333.3 ± 28.4) g, respectively. The BG content was (12.44 ± 1.29) mmol/L, (9.70 ± 0.81) mmol/L, (11.93 ± 2.39) mmol/L, respectively. The TC content was (2.32 ± 0.45) mmol/L, (2.22 ± 0.79) mmol/L, (2.13 ± 0.31) mmol/L, respectively. The TG content was (1.38 ± 0.32) mmol/L, (1.16± 0.41) mmol/L, (1.23 ± 0.35) mmol/L, respectively. The ISI were (-6.38 ± 0.29), (-6.67 ± 0.24), (-6.65 ±0.23), respectively. And the INS content of the RYGBP group were (69.43 ± 18.73) mU/L. There were signifi-cant differences between before and after operation on the 16th week ( P < 0 . 05 , P < 0 . 01 ) . The mortality rate was 5% in the GB group, 20% in the RYGBP group, and 35% in the BPD group. It was concluded that the GB, RYGBP and BPD are effective in reducing blood glucose and blood lipids in the treatment of rat with T2DM. The treatment effect is obvious in the improvement of insulin resistance ( IR ) .