Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway, which was the first cell signal transduction pathway to be discovered, consisted of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. After the activation of ERK1/2 pathway, extracellular signals can be transmitted from the cell membrane to the nucleus. It was involved in many physiological and pathological functions of cells, such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and etc. It was also related to the onset of many diseases, which included multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The activation of ERK1/2 pathway can induce the activation of astrocyte, MG, T cell and macrophage, which released a variety of inflammatory cytokines. It caused myelin damage which induced MS/EAE onset. A number of studies indicated that inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway can reduce the releasing of inflammatory cytokines and myelin damage for MS/EAE alleviation. It provided an important target for the development of MS treatment medication.

Objective To study the expression of ICAM 1 at gene transcription level in neonatal rats after hypoxic ischemic brain damage(HIBD). Method Intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM 1) mRNA was detected in cortex of neonatal rats at different times after HIBD and control by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique. Result In the ischemic cortex, levels of ICAM 1 mRNA increased markedly at 6 h(2.5 fold, t=2.33, P

Objective: To explore the ralationship between common used TCM prescriptions and syndrome elements in acute ischemic stroke and to lay a foundation for further study of the correspondence of the prescription and the syndrome. Methods: We extracted the clinical information of 359 patients (451cases) who were in accordance with the inclusive criteria and were given Wendan Decoction, Xinglou Chengqi Decoction, Zhengan Xifeng Decoction and Tianma Gouteng Decoction, Buyang Hanwu Decoction and Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction. We investigated the correlation between six prescriptions and six syndrome elements through comparing the mean value of score of each syndrome element which was corresponding to each prescription. Then we obtained their odds ratio by using the multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean value of wind syndrome, fire syndrome and phlegm syndrome were the top three in the cases who drank Wendan Decoction, Xinglou Chengqi Decoction, Zhengan Xifeng Decoction. The mean values of wind syndrome, phlegm syndrome, syndrome of blood stasis were in the top three in the cases who drank Buyang Huanwu Decoction. By analyzing logistic regression, Wendan Decoction had close correlation with phlegm syndrome, Xinglou Chengqi Decoction had close correlation with phlegm syndrome or fire syndrome, Tianma Gouteng Drink had close correlation with syndrome of hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency, Buyang Huanwu Decoction had close correlation with syndrome of qi deficiency or syndrome of blood stasis, Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction had close correlation with wind syndrom or phlegm syndrome, and the correlations above were all positive, Zhengan Xifeng Decoction had close correlation with phlegm syndrome or syndrome of qi deficiency, and their correlation was negative. Conclusion: The prescription corresponded with the syndrome element, and it was the key points in clinical practice.

To increase the biotransfomation efficiency from the orotic acid to the uridine 5'-monophosphate(UMP),URA5 gene encoding orotate phosphoribosytransferase was amplified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 by PCR,then it was inserted into the expression vector pYX212(contained orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase gene URA3)and the pYX212-URA5 was transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJX12 by electroporation.The recombinant strain was elementarily used to convert orotic acid to UMP.The results showed that pYX212-URA5/BJX12 could accumulate 7mmol/L UMP from 32mmol/L orotic acid in 26h,significantly higher than both control groups pYX212/BJX12(2.7mmol/L) and BJX12(2.4 mmol/L).

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of alendronate sodium preventing osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women,and to provide reference for osteoporotic and osteopenia patients to select economical and effective therapy plan. METH-ODS:Using Markov economic model,TreeAge Pro 2011 software was used for cost-utility analysis using RCTs literature data of basic medication(calcium and vitamin D3)and basic medication combined with alendronate sodium as baseline data. Using quality adjusted life years(QALYs)and incremental cost utility ratio(ICUR)as economics evaluation indexes,the stability of established model was investigate by single factor sensitivity analysis. RESULTS:QALYs of the basic treatment group was 0.704 years,and QALYs of drug combination group was only 0.708 years. However,ICUR of two groups reached 714252.44. For the late period of hip fracture and other fractures,drug combination group was in high cost and low benefit,obviously had no economic advan-tage. For vertebral fractures,the cumulative probability of fracture in drug combination group was significantly lower than basic treatment group,and ICUR of the two groups was only 13902.17,with economic advantage. For hip fracture,the cumulative prob-ability of fracture in basic treatment group was the same as drug combination group,and ICUR was 19109.00,with economic ad-vantage. For wrist fractures,curative effect and economy needed further study. CONCLUSIONS:For the low-risk population with osteoporotic fractures,calcium and vitamin D3 are more economical in preventing osteoporosis fractures. For the high-risk popula-tion with vertebral and hip fractures,alendronate sodium combined with basic treatment is effective and economical.

Objective To analyze inpatient expenses of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and factors in the department of cardiology of a hospital, in order to provide references for setting the upper expenses limit and keeping expenses within a reasonable control Methods The hospitalization expenses data were collected from inpatients having intracoronary stenting operations in a class 3 grade A hospital in Shanghai from 2004-2006. The study made multi-factor analysis on factors possibly affecting the expenses, and built a model to predict the expense per disease, and estimated the upper limit for medical insurance expense control. These figures were used in an expense appraisal for inpatients from January to June in 2007. Results For the expenses of the 1296 PCI inpatients investigated, the largest share, 84.11%, comes from operation materials. Factors affecting the expenses, as listed by their influence, were in turn the number of stents used, length of stay, age, the status at admission, and rescues made. The study found that the average hospitalization expenses of inpatients from January to June in 2007 fell below the middle control line, and 85% of them lower than the upper control line. Conclusions To lower the medical expenses for the disease, hospitals need to take measures by using less stents, less days of stay, and less medication. Control lines specified per disease can help manage and control medical treatment quality.

Denitrification plays an important role in wastewater treatment systems for the reason that the nitrate or nitrite was reduced, and some gases such as NO, N_2O or N_2 were released. The application of denitrification in wastewater, the mechanism of denitrification, and the effect factors of denitrification were introduced in this paper. The communities of Denitrifying bacteria, and some key enzymes of denitrification were also introduced. The discovery of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria were also mentioned in this paper.

The study aims to improve the level of fine management of medical equipments, give full play to the functions and roles for better patient service, and explore methods for evaluating the benefits of medical equipment that can take into account and reflect the needs of multiple parties. Based on objectives and key results(OKR) methods and concepts, a benefit evaluation system was developed with the goal of giving full play to the functions and roles of medical equipments, with corresponding evaluation indexes and supervision and evaluation mechanisms formulated as well. This index system could take into account the needs and concerns of hospitals, the departments in use, the management authorities and patients at large, while contributing to process supervision and continuous improvement. In the OKR practice of large medical equipments(CT, MR) from 2018 to 2019, they had performed significantly better in inspections, inspection positive coincident rates, clinical service capabilities, maintenance assurance levels, patient satisfaction, scientific research and academics among others. The use of a medical equipment benefit evaluation system based on OKR concepts and methods can provide effective evaluation indicators for the operation and management of medical equipments. In addition, the system can maintain internal improvement momentum leveraging process supervision and continuous improvement methods, in order to assure the elevation of fine management level of medical equipments of modern hospitals, thus offering better medical services for patients at large.

Carcinoma, Medullary ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the priority application of thin adrenal CT scanning in out-patients with hypertension for early diagnosis of adrenal hypertension.MethodsThe patients with hypertension were collected from January to August 2009,in whom the secondary hypertension ( including endocrine and renal hypertension) and malignant cancers were excluded.All patients accepted the adrenal CT scan firstly,and then the patients with the positive result of morphological abnormalities in the adrenal CT( including adenoma and hyperplasia)were evaluated for endocrine function of adrenal glands.Results A total 362 cases of hypertension were studied,in.cluding 162 males and 200 females.The average age was (60.9 ±9.3 ) year-old,the average duration of hypertension was ( 13.8 ±5.3 ) year.After adrenal thin layer scanner CT scan,35 patients ( 9.6％ ) with adrenal abnormalities were found.Endocrine functional assessments of adrenal glands were carried out among these patients,17 cases (4.7％) with functional lesions were diagnosed,including 14 cases(3.9％ )with primary hyperaldosteronism,2 cases(0.6％ )with Cushing's syndrome,and 1 case ( 0.3％ ) with pheochromocytoma.Conclusion This study revealed that the percentage of adrenal lesions in outpatients with hypertension was 9.6％.The percentage of adrenal hypertension was 4.7％.Thin layer CT scan seems to effectively screen the adrenal hypertension with adrenal lesions,and would be helpful to the diagnosis of endocrine hypertension.