Translation is a process not only concerning on the language transformation, but also concerning on the cultural communications. However, due to the diversity between cultures, translation loss is a stumbling block which has to be coped with, or a necessary process called translation compensation. This paper, employing the method of text analysis, attempts to compare two English versions ofHuangdi-Neijing by Veith and Li-Zhaoguo as study cases to discuss the translation compensation strategies from the perspective of Bassnett’s cultural translation theory, thus achieving the optimal translation effect.

Objective To investigate the influence of the aberrant protein expression and mRNA transcription of transforming growth factor ? 1(TGF? 1) on the biological behavior of human bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Methods The expression of TGF? 1 was investigated in 74 specimens of TCCs by SP immunohistochemistry staining, and the level of TGF? 1 mRNA were determined in 43 cases of TCCs by the method of quantitative RT PCR. Results The positives expression rate of TGF? 1 was 89.2%. Superficial tumors had lower overexpressive rate of TGF? 1(33.3%) than the invasive TCCs(83.8%), P

OBJECTIVE:To get to know the revising tropesis of partial Chinese traditional medicine in Edition2005Pharmacopoeia of PPC so as to provide suggestions for the revising work.METHODS:Revising tropesis about partial new kinds and new items in Edition2005Pharmacopoeia of PRC(Draft showed in public)were analyzed in detail.RESULTS:Edition2005Pharmacopoeia of PRC adopted some new and mature skills besides the traditional method of identifying just from experience,i.e.from the appearances and quality of medicine.CONCLUSIONS:The standard of quality criteria in new edition pharma?copoeia is tend to be more rationalizing and standardizing,thus more close to the international quality criteria of natural medicinal herbs.

Objective To investigate the effects of colon hydrotherapy on lowering body temperature and serum enzymes as well as inflammatory cytokines of dogs with heat stroke.Methods 14 dogs were randomly devided into 2 groups,7 for each,as colon hydrotherapy group and conventional therapy group.After the reproduction of heat stroke model was finished(core temperature reached 43℃,maintaing for 10min),cooling therapy was commenced on dogs in circumstance with temperature at 23℃ and 65% of humidity.Conventional therapy group was lowered temperature by ice bags placed on conducting arteries,and the colon hydrotherapy group was by colon way therapeutic machine,the temperature of therapeutic liquid was maintained between 37℃~38℃.Cooling was finished while temperature in dogs reduced to 38℃.The periods of time for lowering body temperature in both groups were compared.Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine kinase(CK)were determined before heat stroke(0h),and 6h,24h and 48h after heat stroke.Interleukin-1?(IL-1?),Interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?)were determined by radioimmunity assay.Results Body temperature lowering time in dogs with colon hydrotherapy were 92.9?9.5min,which was significantly shorter than that of conventional therapy group(123.4?11.6min,P0.05).IL-1? in colon hydrotherapy group at 6h,24h and 48h after treatment were significantly lower than those in conventional therapy group(P

Objective To approach the protective actions of Red Rose Capsule for Releasing the Dysmenorrhea(RRC) on the mice of primary dysmenorrhea.Method Sixty four health rats with the similar menstrual cycle were divided into four groups-NS group,RRC low dose group,RRC high dose group and Yueyueshu group.The indexes of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1? in plasma were observed.Result RRC had significant effect on increasing 6-Keto-PGF1 ? and decreasing TXB2 in plasma of primary dysmenorrhea mice.Conclusion RRC has protective action against primary dysmenorrhea by influencing the content of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1?.

Objective We determined the proportion of doctors in Haidian community participating in the training of secondary prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases related knowledge and the knowledge level of doctors so as to make a new targeted training plan,and assessed the effect of the training.Methods We enrolled 80 doctors,who filled out the questionnaire on secondary prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases related knowledge,from 22 Haidian community center from March to July in 2014 in Beijing.The primary outcome was the proportion of doctors with the training of secondary prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases related knowledge and the improvement rate of new training.Results Seventy (87.5％) community doctors didn't accept ischemic stroke secondary prevention system training.The understanding of Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification and three cornerstones of secondary prevention of ischemic stroke(anti-hypertention,anti-lipidemia,antithrombotic) after the training was significant improvement (20％ vs.82.5％,P ＜ 0.05;31.25％vs.90％,P ＜ 0.05),while according to different causes classification subtype the doctors could make corresponding strategies of secondary prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.The rates of all community risk factors identification,community health education,lifestyle intervention,antihypertension,aspirin use,statin use,hypoglycemic treatment were both above 60％ no matter before the training or after the trainig.Conclusion Our results suggest that the community doctors in Haidian District lack corresponding knowledge of ischemic stroke secondary prevention.Further training of ischemic stroke secondary prevention is needed.

Objective To explore the etiologies and characteristics of esophageal motility in patients with non-obstructive dysphagia by esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM).Methods From November 2011 to August 2015,233 patients with non-obstructive dysphagia diagnosed by HRM were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received gastroendoscopy to exclude obstructive dysphagia.Results Among 233 patients with non-obstructive dysphagia,there were 160 cases of achalasia,38 cases of nonspecific esophageal motor disorder (13 cases of low amplitude peristalsis or absent peristalsis,seven cases of synchronous contraction or rapid contraction,three cases of distal esophageal spasm,six cases of increased resting upper esophageal sphincter pressure (UESP),three cases of reduced UESP,six cases of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incomplete relaxation),five cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease,four cases of scleroderma,two cases of Jackhammer esophagus,and 24 cases with normal esophageal motility.Conclusions Achalasia is the most common cause of non-obstructive dysphagia,followed by nonspecific esophageal motor disorder.Esophageal HRM is an important method for the diagnosis of nonobstructive dysphagia,especially for unexplained dysphagia.

Objective To explore the correlation factors of hyperuricemia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Two hundred and fifty-six inpatients with T2DM were divided into elderly(n=168)and non-elderly(n=88)groups. Another 37 elderly non-DM cases were as control. The parameters of serum uric acid and creatinine, urinary uric acid, pH and creatinine, clearance rates of uric acid and creatinine(Ccr)were determined and compared among 3 groups. Results The elderly T2DM group had higher level of serum uric acid than did non-elderly T2DM and control groups(all P

Objective To study expression and activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vascular endothelial cells dysfunction in preeclampsia. Methods From Sept. 2009 to Mar.2010, 54 pregnant women underwent deliveries in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in this study, including 20 patients in mild preeclampsia group, 16 patients in severe preeclampsia group and 18 women with term cesarean section without perinatal complications as control group. Placental endothelial cells were labeled by CD34 to assay microvessel density (MVD) of each group. Immunohistochemical SP and western blot were used to detect localization and expression of p-p38 MAPK protein, respectively. The levels of sera soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)and soluble endoglin(sEng) were measured by ELISA. Results ①The MVD of placenta were 103 ± 3 in control group, 81 ±5 in mild preeclampsia group and 63±4 in severe group, respectively, which showed statistical difference among each group (P＜0.05).②The expression of p38 MAPK protein were 0.84±0.05 in control group,0.90±0.14 in mild group and 0. 86 ±0.18 in severe group, which did not reach remarkable difference among each group (P＞0.05). The expression of p-p38 MAPK protein were 0.13±0.05 in control group,0.59±0.12 in mild group and 1.16±0.18 in severe group, which show statistical difference among each group(P＜0.05).(3) The localization of p-p38 was in trophoblast, endothelial cells and a few (5.2±0.3)and(10.9±0.4)μg/L in control group,(12.5±1.2) and (20.4±5.3)μg/L in mild group and (19.3±3.0) and (29. 5 ±3.7) μg/L in severe group. When drawing paired comparison in those p-p38 MAPK protein levels and the concentrations of serum sFlt-1, sEng in preeclampsia groups (r=0.68,P＜0.05;r=0.87,P＜0.05). Conclusions The remarkable activation of the p38 MAPK in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia induced the increased levels of sFlt-1 and sEng in maternal serum, which confer the injury of vascular endothelial cells that caused the significant decline of MVD in placentas. p38 MAPK signaling might be one of the key pathways in vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic features of chromphobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) and to evaluate the conventional pathologic prognostic parameters in prognosis.Methods Seventy-five cases (42 males and 33 females) with pathological confirmed ChRCC (36 on the left and 39 on the right kidney) after nephrectomy during 1998 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient's age ranged from 25 to 74 years, with a mean age of 56 years. Evaluation of conventional prognostic parameters was carried out. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to study the survival relationship. Results The mean tumor diameter was 7.3 cm. The majority of tumor macroscopic surface color was gray and yellow or gray and red. The majority of tumor cells were big polygon chromphobe cell or small round eosinophils. The TNM stages of these ChRCC were as follows: 30 cases in T1N0M0, 1 in T1N0M1, 26 in T2N0M0, 1 in T2N0M1, 11 in T3N0M0, 3 in T3N0M1, 1 in T3 N1 M0, 1 in T4 N0 M1 and 1 in T4 N1 M1. The pathologic grade of ChRCC was G1 in 3 cases, G2 in 24cases, G3 in 46 cases and G4 in 2 cases. All the 75 cases were followed up for 9 to 93 months (mean 44months), 7 patients died and others were alive without recurrence and metastasis. 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 93.3% and 90. 7%, respectively. The univariable analysis showed that tumor size (P=0. 028), TNM stage (P＜0. 001) were associated with tumor progression. The multivariable Cox regression model revealed that TNM stage was an independent predictor of aggressive ChRCC. Conclusions The ChRCC tumors are generally larger than other types of RCC and with a favorable prognosis. Fuhrman nuclear grade is not suitable for ChRCC. TNM stage is an independent predictor of aggressive ChRCC.