Objective:To discuss the curative effect of Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets in the treatment of children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and explore the influence on serum procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 and 12 (IL-6 and 12) levels. Methods:Totally 88 cases of children with HFMD were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group at ran-dom. The children in the two groups were given routine medical treatment, such as anti-virus, defervesce, nutrition support and etc. The children in the observation group were additionally given 0. 25g Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets, once a day with warm boiled wa-ter. The changes in serum PCT, IL-6 and 12 levels of the children before and 72 hours after the medical treatment were observed, and the clinical curative effect and adverse reactions were compared as well. Results: After the 72-hour medical treatment, serum PCT, IL-6 and 12 levels of the children in the two groups were declined in different degrees (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the declining rate in the observation group was much higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The total clinical efficiency of the observation group was also much higher than that of the control group. The adverse reactions appeared respectively in the control group and the ob-servation group during the medical treatment show no significant difference(P>0. 05). Conclusion:Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets used as adjunctive therapy show favorable curative effect and safety in the treatment of children with HFMD, which can reduce serum PCT, IL-6 and 12 levels, and inhibit the immune inflammatory reaction process in children.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of vitapex paste in the treatment of deciduous teeth with periapical inflammation.Methods 112 children with chronic apicitis of deciduous teeth were divided into two groups randomly and averagely.The research group used vitapex paste,while the control group used zinc oxide eugenol paste.The clinical effects of the 2 groups were compared.Results Compared to the control group,the response to root canal filling of the research group was much weaker ( 10.7％ to 25.0％ ),which had statistical difference ( x2 =3.02,P =0.0 1 1 ).There wasalso significant difference betweenthe success rateofthetwogroups after 1 year followed up( x2 =5.16,P =0.004).Conclusion sing vitapex paste for root canal filling had a higher success rate and a weaker respose to root canal filling.

Through demonstrating the satisfaction evaluation system of Singapore hospitals,the article analyzed the differences between the satisfaction evaluation system of Singapore and the system made by Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning.It was concluded that the humanized evaluation methods should be highlighted,the conformity of establishment of evaluation system and policy be focused on,staff incentive mechanism be focused on and perfected,and patients' expectation indicator and perceived quality be considered as strategic tools to improve the healthcare system performance.

Cranial irradiation is routinely used for the treatment of almost all brain tumors,but it may cause disastrous injury in brain,especially in the hippocampus that has cognitional and emotional regulation functions.Several studies have investigated the mechanisms of radiation-induced hippocampal dysfunctions such as hippocampal neurogenesis,neurotrophin and neuroinflammation,and provided effective prevention strategies such as exercise,environmental enrichment,anti-inflammatory and intrahippocampal transplantation of neural stem cells.This review discussed the curent progresses and challenges of hippocampal dysfunction induced by cranial irradiation and provided new insights for preclinical and clinical researches.

This article introduces the mechanisms and clinical implications of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of malignant tumor, and discusses the efficacy,limitations, and prospects of this technology. Dispite the recent advances, the clinical application of HIFU is still limited. Multiple trials are currently underway worldwide to determine its efficacy.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluation the effects of the regulatory measures on the clinical application of quinolones. METHODS: The consumption sum and its proportion in the total in major clinical departments before and after the enforcement of the regulatory measures were analyzed, which were compared with the data from the synchronous case files so as to evaluate the rationality of the use of quinolones. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Quinolones were predominantly used in six departments including the department of respiratory diseases. After the initiation of the regulatory measures, the consumption sum of quinolones decreased in most departments, suggesting the positive effect of the regulatory measures.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for compliance and rationality of drug use. METHODS:Cases of all kinds of patients’factor-induced irrational drug use were interviewed and analyzed. RESULTS:Patient factors included over-dependence on injection,cognition deficiency to characteristics and treatment course of their diseases,over-worry about ADR and obstinate adherence to their own drug habit. CONCLUSION:It’s necessary to strengthen pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceutical care by publicizing,communicating and conducting to strengthen the compliance and rationality.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of Shuxuening Injection on brain blood dynamics and neurological function in patients with vascular dementia.Methods60 patients with vascular dementia were assigned to two groups.31 patients were treated with routine therapy of internal medicine and Shuxuening Injection for two weeks,other 29 patients were treated with routine therapy of internal medicine only.The changes of brain blood dynamics,activity of daily living(ADL) and P300 before and 4 weeks after treatment were observed.ResultsThere were significant differences in brain blood dynamics,ADL and P300 after the treament between these two groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).ConclusionShuxuening Injection can improve the brain blood dynamics in patients with vascular dementia obviously and accelerate neurological functional recovery.

Background The measurement of the extraocular muscle is critical for the diagnosis of extraocular muscle diseases,but conventional medical imaging techniques present some shortcomings because of the contact pattern.The anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) is thought to be an in vivo noninvasive optical diagnostic imaging method.Objective This clinical study attempted to seek an available approach to the evaluation of the anatomic structure of human horizontal rectus insertion with Visante OCT.Methods One hundred and fourteen eyes of 58 subjects were included in this study and were divided into the low refractive power group (≤-3.00 D) with 43 eyes,moderate refractive power group(＞-3.00 D-≤-6.00 D) with 49 eyes and high refractive power group(＞-6.00 D) with 22 eyes.The horizontal rectus insertion distance to the scleral spur and its thickness were measured by Visante OCT.The correlation of the refractive power with the rectus insertion distance or thickness was analyzed.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before medial assessment.Results The average distance from the scleral spur to the lateral and medial rectus insertion were (5.23±0.50)mm and (3.81±0.46)mm respectively.The average thickness of the lateral and medial rectus insertions were (0.39±0.06)mm and (0.39±0.06)mm respectively,showing no significant differences in comparison with those of ultrasound biomicroscopy (P=0.338,P=0.759).The lateral and medial rectus insertion distances were (5.25±0.45)mm and (3.74±0.53)mm in the low refractive power the group,(5.22±0.60)mm and (3.81±0.42)mm in the moderate group and (5.20±0.35)mm and (3.90±0.42)mm in the high refractive power group,presenting inconsiderable difference among these three groups(lateral rectus: χ2=0.054,P=0.974;medial rectus: F=0.508,P=0.604).The thickness of the lateral and medial rectus insertions were (0.41±0.06)mm and (0.40±0.06)mm in the low refractive power group,(0.40±0.07)mm and (0.37±0.07)mm in the moderate refractive power group,(0.36±0.05)mm and (0.39±0.05)mm in the high refractive power group with a significant difference among lateral rectus (F=4.922,P=0.009) but not medial rectus (F=2.152,P=0.125).The lateral rectus insertions thickness in the high refractive power group was thinner than that in low refractive power group (P＜0.05).A positive correlation was found between refractive power and the thickness of lateral or medial rectus insertions (r=0.284,P＜0.01).Conclusion Visante OCT is a uscful way in measuring the distance and thickness of the extraocular muscles.Lateral rectus insertions thickness tends to be thinner with the worsening of myopia,which is obvious in high myopia.

Background p16INK4a gene plays an important role during the aging and senility.So it was well known to be a leading gene associated with aging.Corneal endothelial cells(CECs) always get trapped in the G1 phase due to the lack of proliferative ability.Whether it is relative with cell senescence is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the expression ofp16INK4a gene and Bmi1 gene in human CECs from different aged donors ex vivo.Methods The corneal rims,the residual of corneal tissue preserved in DX solution after penetrating keratoplasty,was used in the present study.Parameters were recorded for the donor,including the age,death to preservation interval and preservation to surgery interval.Corneal endothelium survival rate and endothelial cell density were evaluated by trypan blue-alizarin red dying immediately after penetrating keratoplasty.Routine haematoxylin and eosin staining was also performed to proof the normal structure of the cornea.Sections of corneas from different aged donors were classified into ＜30 years group,30-50 years group and ＞50 years group and were immunostained to assess the expressions of p16INK4aprotein,Bmi1 protein and Ki67 protein in CECs.Total RNA was extracted from independent corneal sample for the evaluation of p16INK4a mRNA,Bmi1 mRNA and Ki67 mRNA expression in CECs by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Results The endothelial cell density of each group was (3069 ±172),(2748±64),(2444 ±178)cells/mm2,respectively.Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed the normal structure of corneal epithelium,stroma and endothelium.qRT-PCR examination revealed an age-related increase in p16INK4a mRNA expression in the CECs(F =5.703,P =0.014) and a decrease in Bmi1 mRNA and Ki67 mRNA expression (F =3.950,P =0.042;F=548.500,P =0.000).The further comparison verified a significant elevation in the expression of p16INK4a mRNA in the CECs of the ＞50 years group compared with ＜30 years group and significant decline in Bmil mRNA and Ki67 mRNA the expression (P =0.006,0.013,0.000).Immunohistochemistry in situ confirmed the expression and nuclear localization of p16INK4a protein in CECs,and the expressing intensities of Bmi1 and Ki67 proteins in the elder donors were weaker than those of the younger donors.The immunofluorescence exhibited that the expressing intensity of p16INK4a protein in CECs of 58 years old donor was higher than that of 23 years old donor,showing a consistent result with that of qRT-PCR.Conclusions Expression of p16INK4a gene increases and that of Bmi1 gene decreases upon age.These results suggest that p16INK4a gene is associated with senescence of human CECs.