OBJECTIVE: To observe monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) changes in ischemic tissue during the process of angiogenesis induction in ischemic limbs by autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation.METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 2 groups (n = 10): model and MSC transplantation. Femoral and tibial bone marrow was taken to isolate and culture MSCs by percoll density gradient method. Cells of the 3~(rd) or 4~(th) passage were used for transplantation. Severe bilateral hind limb ischemia was surgically created in each group rats. Two hours after model establishment, MSCs (1×10~(11)/L) were infused into the ischemic region of rats from the MSC transplantation group, and the model group received the same amount of phosphate buffered saline. Collateral artery formation was determined by angiographic analysis and histological assessment. CD68~+ macrophage infiltration was examined by immunohistochemistry. MCP-1 protein expression in the plasma and ischemic tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MCP-1 mRNA expression in ischemic tissue was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: At postoperative 28 days, treatment with MSC transplantation lead to collateral vessel formation, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CD68~+ macrophage infiltration was lower compared with the model group. MCP-1 protein and mRNA expression in the plasma and ischemia tissue was significantly lower in the MSC transplantation group than in the model group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Following MSC transplantation, MCP-1 may play an important role in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. This indicates that MCP-1 would become one possible target molecule for modulating inflammatory angiogenesis by MSC Transplantation.

With the development of brain research, study of neural coding has attracted more attention. Neural coding by informatics entropy is a very important aspect in the research field. This paper presents an overview of typical entropy coding methods of neuronal spike train including binary string method, direct method, asymptotically unbiased estimator method, inter-spike interval and mutual information method. Related principles and application are reviwed.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is not only an ischemic cerebrovascular disease with high incidence, but also a risk warning signal of cerebral infarction. This article reviewed the correlation of TIA and cerebral infarction, risk factors of transient ischemic attack progressing into cerebral infarction and its score scale.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods

Objective To study the etiology,clinical presentation,MR images,treatment and prog-nosis of spontaneous spinal epidural and subdural hematoma.Methods From1995to2002,6cases diag-nosed as spontaneous spinal epidural and subdural hematoma were reviewed retrospectively.All of the pa-tients were males aging from30to68years with an average of 47years.The onset was acute while the pa-tients were in resting or light activity without prior history of any infection,administration of drugs or trau-ma.One patient had the history of hypertension,and another one was found to have diabetes after admission.The clinical characteristics were sudden pain involving neck,shoulder,chest and back,then dysfunction of motion and sensation of extremities and sphincter within few minutes.4cases of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma were located at T 5~6 ,T 2~4 ,C 4~5 and C 6 ~T 1 respectively,and2cases of spontaneous spinal subdu ral hematoma at C 7 ~T 1 and C 7 ~T 2 respectively.Results All cases were proved with surgery and pathology.MR imaging showed occupying mass in the posterior or posteriolateral region inside the spinal canal.T 1 -weighted imaging was most useful owing to its typical signal changes with the hematoma.T 2 -weighted gra-dient echo sequence was capable to identify epidural and subdural spinal hematoma.Total laminectomy and hematoma debridement were performed.The outcome was closely related to the interval between the onset and surgery.The patients were followed up from6to18months with an average of 10months.All cases showed no significant improvement of spinal cord function except 5cases with incomplete recovery of sphincter function.Conclusion Spontaneous spinal epidural and subdural hematoma are rare entities.MRI is a most helpful diagnostic tool for this disorder.It should be stressed that early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are of great importance for prognosis of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma.

Radionuclide imaging was widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases.It is of early diagnostic value in metastatic osteosarcoma，osteomyelitis and Paget's disease,and early affirmative value in vitality of transplanted bone.It also demonstrates a significant analgesic effect on theosteosarcoma and metastatic osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fractures can be generaly treated by surgical treatment. Along with deep research on the biomechanics of the proximal femur, proximal femoral locking compression plate appears recently. The locking plate fixation is not strong, can reduce the local stress shielding, and maintain optimal system stability, but fracture fixation failure often occurs due to the inappropriate choice of nail plate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of digital orthopedics technology in preoperative planning in locking plate fixation for intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS: Forty intertrochanteric fracture patients receiving CT tomography femur upper segment were selected and divided into two groups. In the conventional group, after reading X-ray films and CT images, patients received locking plate fixation. In the computer planning group, before repair, fracture model was established using Mimics software to segment fracture fragments, simulate operation reset and 3-matic software was used to reconstruct locking plate and screws. Locking plate was assembled with Mimics to obtain the best plate position, best screw angle and screw length. Proximal femoral locking compression plate fixation was performed. Fluoroscopy times, operation time, blood loss and fracture healing time were compared in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional models of proximal femur were reconstructed, and a series of data were obtained. The optimal position of each plate was obtained from each patient. The screw length was predicted, so preoperative operation planning was realized. Al patients were folowed up for 6-20 months. Fluoroscopy times, operation time, and blood loss were significantly less in the computer planning group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in fracture healing time was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that digital orthopedics technology used in intertrochanteric fracture can simulate the locking plate position, determine the screw placement angle and length of the screw in advance, and reduce fluoroscopy times, operation time, blood loss and screw position misalignment.

Purpose To investigate the effects of intervention with Tanakan on anterior ocular segment in diabetic retinopathy (DR) after retinal photocoagulation. Methods Prospective random controlled study was performed on 72 patients (72 eyes) with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM),by obtaining and quantitatively analyzing the changes of anterior ocular segment including anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, ciliary body and choroids before and the 3rd day and the 7th day after retinal photocoagulation. Results Three days after photocoagulation, significant elevated IOP and narrowed chamber angle were observed in control group and 4 eyes (11.11%) in Tanakan group (P

Objective To investigate the early influences of laser photocoagulation on retinal function in diabetic retinopathy(DR). Methods The multifocal electroretinograms (MERG) of 30 eyes with DR (phase Ⅲ～Ⅳ) were tested with visual evoked response image system IV before,and the 3 rd day and the 7 th day after laser photocoagulation. Results Three days after photocoagulation, the latency of N1 prolonged in the central macula 5? area and superionasal quadrant.The response densities of N1,P1 and N2 markedly reduced, and most significant changes occurred in the central macula 5? area and then in the central 10?area. There were also differences in the changes of the amplitude of N1 and P1 in different quadrants .The changes of visual acuity were positively related to the decrease of amplitudes of N1,P1 and N2 in the macula. Conclusion The reduction of response densities in MERG reveals functional damage in diabetic retina occurring early after photocoagulation.The functional damage in macula induced indirectly by photocoagulation may explain the reduction of visual acuity after panretinal photocoagulation in some degree.

AIM: To investigate the effect of high and low shear stress on endothelial permeability and tight junctions(TJs). METHODS: Rabbit abdominal aortas in normal and high fat diet groups were stenosed to 60.7%?7.0% of original cross areas, they were sacrificed after 7 days, and the arteries were stained with Evans blue and Sudan Ⅳ. TJs were investigated with freeze fracture. RESULTS: The non-stenosis aortas were negative, there are 1 mm-wide constant and circular positive areas proximal and distal to the stenosis and scattered, dotted and patched positive areas within 8 mm distal to stenosis. Freeze fracture reveals that in the hyperpermeable regions, the percentages of zonular type of TJs and the numbers of strands of TJs of zonular and macular types in the distal regions are significantly lower than those in the proximal regions (P