Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; therapy ; Parenteral Nutrition

Objective To approach the medicine-Schisandraceae-protective actions to the mice of experimental Kidney Yin deficiency from different angles. Method To observe the level of SOD and OFR in the female rats ovary tissue in order to prove the medicine’s curative effect. Result Schisandraceae can obviously increase the SOD and decrease the OFR to experimental Kidney Yin deficiency mice. Conclusion Schisandraceae has very obviously protective action to experimental Kidney Yin deficiency by influencing content of SOD and OFR of female mice ovary tissue.

Objective To approach the protective actions of Red Rose Capsule for Releasing the Dysmenorrhea(RRC) on the mice of primary dysmenorrhea.Method Sixty four health rats with the similar menstrual cycle were divided into four groups-NS group,RRC low dose group,RRC high dose group and Yueyueshu group.The indexes of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1? in plasma were observed.Result RRC had significant effect on increasing 6-Keto-PGF1 ? and decreasing TXB2 in plasma of primary dysmenorrhea mice.Conclusion RRC has protective action against primary dysmenorrhea by influencing the content of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1?.

Objective To explore the reparative effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein(BPI) on the damaged mucosa of rats with otitis media with effusion (OME),and state the pathogenesis of OME.Methods Wistar rats(40 ears) were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group (n=4),BPI control group(n=4),eustachian tube obstruction (ETO) group (n=8),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection group (n=8),ETO+LPS group (n=8),ETO+LPS+BPI group (n=8).The experimental OME model was made through eustachian tube obstruction and LPS injection.The rats were killed after 1,2 and 4 weeks and the changes of mucosa of middle ear were observed under light and scanning electron microscope.Results The rats in normal control group and BPI control group had the normal mucosa in the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube.It consisted of pseudostratified ciliated cubical or columnar epithelium which contained an abundant number of ciliated cells and a few goblet cells,these were the mucociliary clearance system of the middle ear.The hypotympanum consisted of thin,squamous epithelium with few microvillus.Middle ear mucosa was obviouly thickened in LPS injection,ETO and ETO+LPS groups.An increase in goblet cells and a decrease in ciliated cells were observed in the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube.The epithelial layer in the hypotympanum had become more pseudostratified ciliated cubical epithelium.In ETO+LPS+BPI group,there was thin squamous epithelium in the hypotympanum near normal,which was not thickened and contained few microvillus. Conclusion LPS and ETO can result in the occurrence and protracted courses of OME by mimosa's inflammatory reaction which can reduce the activity of ciliary cells and weaken the function of mucociliary clearance system.BPI could bind avidly to LPS,reduce inflammatory reaction,and break the inflammatory cycle and reestablish an effective mucocillary clearance system.The results suggest that BPI treatment is a potential effective drug for prevention and therapy of chronic OME.

Pointing to the contradiction features existent in teaching of clinical practice in the beginning stage of establishing affiliated hospital of university,it primarily discusses the management method in teaching of clinical practice,which gets first achievements after 3-year trial.

Mortality of patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAI) is as high as 41％ to 78％ with the conservative treatment in the intensive care unit.Malignant edema caused tentorial herniation is the most common cause of resulting in the death of patients.Some evidence supports the hemicraniectomy for the treatment of patients with mMCAI.The patients must receive supportive and adjuvant therapies before surgical decision making.Therefore,the prediction and intensive care of mMCAI have a very important significance.This article reviews the predictive factors and intensive care of mMCAI.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for prescriptions audit before payment in hospital pharmacy. METHODS:The management measures of prescriptions audit and intervention before payment in our hospital were introduced. 1 200 outpatient pre-scriptions within 1 year before and after management were subjected to a statistical analysis. The effects of prescriptions audit be-fore payment were evaluated through analyzing and comparing qualification rate of prescription and unqualified prescriptions. RE-SULTS:Our hospital adopted a series of measure to realize prescriptions audit and intervention before payment by clinical pharma-cists,such as using information audit system,formulating audit standard,educating pharmacists,establishing audit job system, prescriptions review and feedback system,setting up communication system,etc. Of the total audited 189 665 prescriptions, 14 581(7.69%)failed to audit and 606 prescriptions hadn’t been revised after 1 year management,with effective intervention rate of 95.84%. Compared with before management,the prescription qualification rate increased from 88.83% to 98.67% after manage-ment(P<0.01). The quantity of overdose,inconformity with medical insurance,overload and other conditions reduced to 0. CON-CLUSIONS:It is feasible for pharmacists to audit and intervent prescriptions before payment in hospital pharmacy to improve pre-scription qualification and promote rational drug use in the clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of valsartan combined with prednisone in the treatment of idiopath-ic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS:50 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were randomly divided into control group and ob-servation group. Control group was orally given 0.5 mg/(kg·d)Prednisone acetate tablet in 1-4 weeks,then maintained with 0.125 mg/(kg·d)in 5-12 neeks,2-3 times a day;observation group was additionally given 80 mg Valsartan capsule,orally,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 6 months. Pulmonary function indicators [forced vital capacity(FVC),peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR),and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)],serum inflammatory factor indicators [interleukin-13(IL-13), IL-18,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)] level,matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),MMP-2 contents and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the pulmonary function indicators,serum inflammatory factor indicators,MMP-9 and MMP-2 contents between 2 groups(P>0.05);af-ter treatment,pulmonary function indicators in 2 groups were significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,MMP-9 and MMP-2 contents were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than con-trol group(P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Valsartan combined with prednisone can significantly improve the pulmonary function of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,and reduce the contents of serum inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases,with good safety.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic role of Xuebijing injection on acute lung injury (ALI) in a rat model of cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and the potential mechanism.Methods A total of 110 SD rats were divided into sham group (n =30),CLP group (n =40) and Xuebijing treatment group (n =40),according to the random number table.Survival was observed up to 7 days.Rats in each group were sacrificed 12 h after the CLP surgery.Blood samples were obtained by abdominal aorta puncture and inflammatory cytokines and blood gas were detected.Samples of the lung tissue were excised to measure mRNA expression of cytokines,activation of signaling molecules,wet to dry ratio and histopathological changes.Peripheral neutrophils were isolated in vitro and divided into negative control group,high-dose Xuebijing (1 ∶ 30 dilution) group,lipopolysaccharide (LPS,100 ng/ml) group,LPS plus low-,middle-and high-dose Xuebijing (1∶ 300,1∶ 100,1∶30 dilution respectively) groups.Supernatant levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6 and neutrophil elastase (NE) in each group were detected.Activation of intracellular signaling molecules was measured as well.Results In animal survival observation,the mortality was 65 ％ in CLP model group and reduced to 30％ in Xuebijing treatment group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared to sham group,serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,PaCO2 and lactate in CLP group were increased markedly to (32.213 ± 9.802) pg/ml,(21.592 ± 5.427) ng/ml,(39.575 ± 5.295) mmHg and (3.438 ± 0.192) mmol/L respectively,mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in CLP group were increased to 5.223 ±0.525 and 12.097 ±2.535 respectively,activation of IκB-α,p38,extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)in CLP group were significantly up-regulated,and water content of rat lung tissue in CLP group were significantly increased to (78.226 ±0.894) ％ (all P ＜0.01).Moreover,histopathological appearance of bleeding,exudation and increased infiltration of neutrophils to the alveolar septum were detected in the lung tissue of CLP rats.Compared to CLP group,Xuebijing treatment reduced the serum levels of TNF-α [(21.592 ± 5.427)pg/ml],IL-6 [(2.252 ± 0.905) ng/m],PaCO2 [(34.088 ± 2.260) mmHg] and lactate [(2.563 ± 0.250)mmol/L],suppressed the up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions [6.866 ± 1.604,3.398 ± 0.334],and reduced the water content of rat lung tissue [(77.159 ± 0.626)％] (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared to CLP group,Xuebijing treatment ameliorated the histological appearance of ALI.In vitro study,negative control group and high-dose Xuebijing group showed basal levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and neutrophil elastase (NE).Levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and NE in cell supernatant were elevated in LPS group [(7 102.520 ± 528.026) pg/ml,(3 109.598 ± 191.291) pg/ml and (63.985 ± 2.823) ng/ml respectively],with significant differences from these detected in negative control group (P ＜0.01).While the release of TNF-α,IL-6 and NE was significantly inhibited in LPS plus middle-and high-dose Xuebijing groups,compared to LPS group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01).LPS also increased the degradation of IκB-α and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in neutrophils,and Xuebijing in higher concentration markedly suppressed the degradation of IκB-α and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK.Conclusions CLP surgery results in the appearance of typical ALI in rats.Administration of Xuebijing can effectively inhibit the proinflammatory response in CLP rats and attenuate ALI.And such effects may be attributed to its inhibition on the proinflanunatory activation of neutrophils in lung tissue.

Many studies have shown that chronic inflammation occurs in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that long-term administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate the cognitive decline of AD patient and elderly. Several inflammatory cytokines produced in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) are closely related to inflammatory diseases. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) play a crucial role in the AA network, the products eicosanoids have an important impact on the progression of AD. Although there are many arguments and conflicting evidence, currently LOXs and COXs are still the hot topics in the research on AD pathogenesis and drug development. Here, we review the progress in research on COXs and LOXs, including their actions on CNS and their association with AD, and explore the feasibility of LOXs and COXs as targets for the drugs to prevent and/or treat AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arachidonic Acid ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Lipoxygenases ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin H2 ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; metabolism