Objective To study the antagonistic effects of Ganoderma spore on mutation induced by NaNO2 in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods After 24 hours of starvation,male Drosophila melanogaster were transferred to the culture bottles with medium with NaNO2 of 0,0.001,0.01,0.05 and 0.1 g/L for 24 hours and then cultured with female Drosophila melanogaster for 7 days. Male Drosophila melanogaster were treated with NaNO2 at the doses of 0,0.01,0.001 g/L for 24 hours and then transferred to the medium with Ganoderma spores at the dose of 0.2%,1%,2%,cultured with female Drosophila melanogaster for 7 days. The distilled water was used as the negative control. The amount of F1 generation and the mutation of the F1 generation were calculated. Results The mutation Drosophila melanogaster were mainly vestigial,some had malformation with white body and strange eyes. Compared with the negative control group,the count of offspring decreased,the rate of mutation proved positively correlated to the concentration of NaNO2. High dose of sporoderm-unbroken spores could cause a decrease of number of offspring. Compared with the negative control group,the mutation in the group of 0.1,0.01 g/L NaNO2 with 0.2% sporoderm-unbroken spores was much higher (P

Objective To observe the difference of gene expression profiles of lung in rats before and after endotoxic shock (ES). Methods A total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and lipopolysaceharide (LPS) group ( 10 rats per group). The LPS rat model was made by injecting LPS into tail vein. Six hours after ES, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood ( PaO2 )was measured. Gene expression profiles of the lung in each group were detected by rats oligo gene chip Affymetrix RAT 230A. The expression level of five genes was verified via semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The data were analyzed in combination with type of differential gene and character of ES. Results Compared with control group, PaO2 in LPS group was decreased more significantly (P ＜0.05). Among 15 650 probes detected, 158 genes showed differential expression in ES group in comparison with control group. The expression level of 117 genes was up-regulated while that of 34 genes down-regulated significantly. According to their biological function, differentially expressed genes were classified as inflammation genes, material transporter genes, transcription regulator genes, signal transduction genes, stress response genes, metabolic genes, apoptosis genes and cell adhesion genes. The results of Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of five genes were consistent with those of the microarray examination. Conclusion The expression of many genes of the lung may change in ES rats, especially the inflammatory genes.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of cisplatin combined with cisplatin and radiotherapy in the treatment of glioblastomas patients receiving surgery.Methods 68 cases of glioblastomas patients with surgery were divided into control group (n=36) and treatment group (n=32).The control group was treated with temozolomide and radiotherapy;the treatment group was treated with cisplatin combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy.Short-term efficacy,adverse reactions,and survival time were documented during following up in both groups.Results The efficiency in the treatment group (87.5％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (66.67％),P＜0.05.There were no significant difference of adverse reaction including bone marrow inhibition,digestive tract symptoms,and psychiatric symptoms among the two groups,P＞0.05.The medium survival time of the treatment group (26.0 month) was significantly longer than that of the control group (17.5 month),P ＜0.05.There was no significant difference of 1-year survival rate between the treatment group (81.25％) with control group (63.89％),P＞0.05;however,2-and 3-year survival rate in treatment group (52.13％,31.25％) were significantly higher than that in the control group (27.78％,11.11％),P＜0.05.1-year progression free survival (PFS) rate of treatment group (68.75％) was significantly higher that of control group (41.67％),P＜0.05.Conclusion Cisplatin combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy can significantly improve the treatment efficiency without leading to higher rate of adverse reactions and significantly improve the 2-,3-year survival rate as well as 1-year progression free survival (PFS) rate in patients with glioblastomas,it is worth being promoted in clinical application.

Objective To observe the intervention effect of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on tert-butyl hydroperoxide ( t-BHP)-induced injury in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( hUC-MSCs) . Methods Proliferation of hUC-MSCs after primary culture was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and then the optimal concentrations of t-BHP and EGb761 for oxidative stress injured MSC model were screened. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanatel propidium iodide ( Annexin V-FITC/PI) staining. Content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hUC-MSCs were evaluated, and the expression levels of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 were analyzed by real-time fluorescence PCR. Results Pretreatment with 10~200 mg/L of EGb761 for 3 hours reduced the sensitivity of hUC-MSCs to t-BHP ( 100 μmol/L) induced proliferation inhibition, while EGb761 over 100 mg/L had no significant effect on enhancing the protection of hUC-MSCs . EGb761 at 100 mg/L prohibited hUC-MSCs apoptosis and MDA accumulation in hUC-MSCs induced by 100μmol/L of t-BHP acting for 6 hours, maintained the enzymatic activity of SOD, and decreased the expression of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 in hUC-MSCs with t-BHP-induced injury. Conclusion EGb761 is capable of protecting hUC-MSCs against oxidative stress injury, and its mechanism is probably related with the modulation of p53/p21 signal pathway.

Objective To determine the serum level of KL-6 in patients with polymyositis(PM)and dermatomyositis(DM),and to investigate the possible diagnostic value for interstitial lung diseases(ILD)in pa- tients with PM/DM.Methods Serum KL-6 concentrations were measured by ELISA in 53 adult PM/DM pa- tients,the control groups of 22 patients with infectious lung disease,and 50 healthy subjects.The association with clinical features and serum KL-6 levels was analyzed.Results The serum levels of KL-6 were(1543?761)、(429?106)、(336?196)and(289?105)U/ml in PM/DM patients with ILD and without ILD,patients with infectious lung disease and healthy controls,respectively.Serum KL-6 levels in the PM/DM patients with ILD were significantly higher compared with PM/DM patients without ILD,patients with infectious lung disease and healthy controls(all P＜0.01 ).However,no significant differences of serum KL-6 levels was found among PM/ DM patients without ILD,patients with infectious lung disease and healthy controls(P＞0.05).Significant cor- relations were found between the elevated levels of serum KL-6 and the presence of ILD in patients with PM/ DM(P＜0.01).The sensitivity and specificity of serum abnormal KL-6 levels for ILD in patients with PM/DM were 90.9% and 80.6%.Additionally,follow-up study showed the mean serum levels of KL-6 in six patients who died were significantly higher than that in other PM/DM patients with ILD(P＜0.01).Conclusion Serum KL-6 level is a reliable serum marker for ILD in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies,which may contribute to early differentiate ILD from lung infectious disease.Increased serum level of KL-6 may predict a poor out- come.

Objective To detect the prevalence of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), and analyse the correlation between MSAs and the clinical features and prognosis of PM/DM. Methods Serum samples of 31 PM and DM patients were screened for MSAs (including anti Jo-1, anti Mi-2, anti PL-7, anti PL-12 antibodies) and MAAs (including anti Ku, anti PM-Scl antibodies) by immunoblotting test. Results Serum MSAs/MAAs were detected in 18 out of 31 PM/DM patients (58%). MSAs were present in 12 patients (39%). The most frequently encountered MSAs was anti-Jo-1 autoantibody (29%), followed by anti-Mi-2 (7%), anti-PL-7 (3%), and anti-PL-12 (3%). MAAs were present in 10 patients (32%), including anti-Ku-72 (16%), anti-Ku-86 (23%) and anti-PM/Scl (7%). Notably, anti-Jo-1 antibody was closely associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and arthritis/arthralgia compared with the anti-Jo-1 antibody negative patients (P

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design of experiments was used to optimize the extracellular polysaccharide content and the mycelium biomass by submerged cultivation using Pholiota squarrosa AS 5.245. The critical factors selected for the investigation were temperature, time of cultivation and volume of medium, based on the results of our previous Plackett-Burman design. The objectives of this present work were to locate optimum levels of these process parameters, and to find out interactions among them for enhancement of the yield of extracellular polysaccharide and mycelium biomass. By solving the regression equation and also by analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal process conditions were determined: under conditions of temperature, 28.07℃; cultivation time, 8.79 d and volume of medium, 68.51 mL, the prediction of extracellular polysaccharide content (EPC) by Pholiota squarrosa AS 5.245 was 1062.69 ?g per milliliter of fermentation liquor. While cultivation temperature, time and volume of medium were 27.60℃, 9.42 d and 54.20 mL respectively, the mycelium biomass expressed as dry cell weight (DCW) was 11.32 mg?mL -1. In order to simultaneously obtain the maximum yield of EPC and DCW, the above conditions would be located at 27.62℃, 9.19 d and 64.10 mL. In these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of EPC and DCW were found to be 1050.64 ?g?mL -1 and 11.10 mg?mL -1, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiment.

Objective To study the expression of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)on muscle biopsy specimens of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM),and assess diagnostic value of MHC in IIM. Methods Forty-five patients with IIM(19 polymyositis and 26 dermatomyositis)were selected for this study.Thirty healthy subjects were included as controls.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to identify the expression of HLA-A/B/C and HLA-DR on muscle biopsy-specimens in polymyositis (PM)/deFmatomyosiris (DM) patients and healthy controls.Results HIA-A/B/C antigens were expressed in muscle fibers in 18 out of 19 PM patients(95%),24 out of 26 DM patients(92%) and 3 out 0f 30 healthy controls(10%) respectively.The positive expression rate of HLA-DR in PM,DM patients and healthy controls were 84%, 81%,13%,respectively.The expressions of HLA-A/B/C and HLA-DR were significantly increased in PM and DM patients than those in healthy controls(both P<0.05),but no significant differences were found between PM and DM groups(both P>0.05).No significant correlations were demonstrated between the over-expression of HLA-A/B/C or HLA-DR and the extent of inflammatory infiltrations,muscle damage or clinical features in PM/DM groups (all P values>0.05).Conclusion MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱover-expression in muscle fibers are the early events in PM and DM,and may occur in the absence of lymphocyte infihration and muscle damage.Immunostaining for MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱcan be used as a routine test in the diagnosis of PM and DM.

Objective This study aims to test the hypothesis that low density granulocytes (LDGs) is involved in the pathogenesis of DM associated-Interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods Forty eight DM patients (28 with ILD) and 19 age-and sex-matched healthy Chinese volunteers were recruited to this study.LDGs percentage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was tested by flow cytometry.Neutrophilrelated genes (LL-37,MPO and MMP-8) expressions in PBMCs were tested by quantitative RT-PCR.Myositis disease activity assessment visual analogue scales (MYOACT) was used to assess the disease activity.Percentages of LDGs were compared in patients with ILD and without by using unpaired t test with Welch's correction,the correlations between LDGs and clinical parameters were further analyzed by linear correlation analysis.The expressions of neutrophil-related mRNA and proteins in PBMCs were compared by using MannWhitney U test.Results LDGs percentage in PBMCs was 7.1-fold higher in DM patients than healthy controls [(9.1±11.5)％ vs (1.3±0.7)％,t=4.664,P＜0.01].LDGs percentage in PBMCs was 2.7-fold higher in DM patients with ILD than DM patients without ILD [(12.3±14.1)％ vs (4.5±2.6)％,t=2.835,P=0.008 3].The mRNA expression level of LL-37,MPO and MMP-8 and LL-37 protein levels in the DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group.LDGs percentage positively correlated with MYOACT lung disease activity scores (r=0.439,P=0.010).Conclusion Percentage of LDGs in PBMCs is significantly increased in DM patients with ILD and positively correlated with MYOACT lung disease activity scores,suggesting that abnormall increasing of LDGs is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of DM-associated ILD.

Objective To investigate effects and safety of dexmedetomidine on the prevention of abnormal mental in patients after liver transplantation.Methods 160 patients after liver transplantation were randomly divided into the two groups using the drawing method:midazolam group(n =80),dexmedetomidine group(n =80),compared the two groups of patients with general,mental abnormality and the occurrence of adverse reactions.Results There were no significant differences in the general situation (gender,age,postoperative ventilator time,ICU stay time,oper-ation time,blood FK506 concentration,APACHEII score 24 hours after operation)of the two groups of patients (P >0.05),the spirit of the abnormal rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P =0.009), incidence of hypotension and hypertension in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P =0.035,0.029).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can effectively reduce the postoperative mental disorders in patients in the early stage after liver transplantation.