OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the standardization of package insert of common drugs for elderly patients. METHODS:Outpatient prescriptions in our hospital from 2013 to 2014 were collected,and common drugs of elderly patients(≥60 years old)were ordered by consumption sum,and package inserts of top 100 drugs were statistically analyzed for absent items. RESULTS:The 100 common drugs for elderly patients included 28 Chinese traditional drugs and 72 chemical drugs. The Chinese traditional drug had more absent items,mostly were pharmacokinetics and drug overdose(92.9%),medication of elderly patients (85.7%),drug interactions(78.6%)and pharmacological actions(50.0%);the proportion of contraindications(16/28),adverse re-actions(15/28) and precaution(9/28) with uncertainty was relatively high. Items of chemicals package insert were better than Chi-nese traditional drug,absent items were pharmacokinetics and drug overdose(5.6%),medication of elderly patients and pharmaco-logical actions (2.8%) and drug interactions (1.4%);the proportion of medication of elderly patients (16/72),drug interaction and drug overdose(12/72)with uncertainty was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS:The common problem existing in the drug manu-al is characterized by absence of usage for elderly,drug descriptions is not clear,etc. Package inserts should be further improved to strengthen its standardization.

Objective To investigate the effects of low molecular heparin(LWMH)on cytokines(TNF-?,IL-1? and IL-10)in blood plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA)mice.Methods The neutropenic IPA mouse models were established by administration of cyclophosphamide for immunologic function inhibition and intranasally challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia(1?106 conidia/mouse).One hundred and twenty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control,IPA model,normal saline+LWMH and IPA+LWMH group.Normal saline+LWMH group and IPA+LWMH group received LWMH(subcutaneous injection,1 000 IU/kg,qd?2 d).Normal control and IPA model group received normal saline instedad of LWMH.At 4,8,12,24 and 48 h after inoculation,six mice were randomly taken from each group to be sacrificed.ELISA method was used to determine the concentrations of TNF-?,IL-1? and IL-10 in blood plasma and BALF.Results TNF-?,IL-1? and IL-10 in blood plasma and BALF increased significantly several hours after inoculation of conidia in IPA model and IPA+LWMH group.There were significant higher concentrations of TNF-? and IL-1? in blood plasma and BALF in IPA+LWMH group than in IPA model group(P

12E7 Antigen ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; pathology ; Carcinosarcoma ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ureter ; surgery ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDEvidences show that subclinical chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum uric acid, and albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODSA total of 1162 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. All participants had relevant clinical and laboratory measurements. CRP was measured using a particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay.

RESULTSIn the multiple linear regression model, natural log-transformed CRP (lnCRP) and uric acid were independent predictors of natural log-transformed urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (lnACR) (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.27, P < 0.001 and β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.09-0.27, P < 0.001). The interaction of lnCRP with uric acid was also associated with lnACR (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.06, P < 0.001). In the full-adjusted logistic regression model, the OR for albuminuria of the patients in the third tertile levels of CRP and uric acid was 3.94 compared with patients in the first tertile levels of CRP and uric acid (95% CI 1.73-8.94, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSElevated serum CRP and increased serum uric acid level were associated with albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, CRP and uric acid had an interactive effect on albuminuria.

Albuminuria ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Creatinine ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Uric Acid ; blood

Clinical characteristics,including primary and secondary sexual characteristics,basal endocrine profiles,and imaging results were reviewed.Follow-up data were recorded.16 patients had normal karyotypes,manifest amastia,infantile genitalia,amenorrhea,and delayed epiphyseal fusion at the knee and wrist joints.Serum gonadotropic hormone levels were significantly below normal values.15 patients underwent a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test and 6 patients had a prolonged GnRH stimulation test.16 patients underwent pituitary or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),which showed small pituitaries in three patients,wing tips of suspicious nodules in 2 patients,an empty sella turcica in 1 patient,and a missing right olfactory bulb and tract in 1 patient.1 patient had no detectable uterus or accessory organs,while the other patients had primordial uteri.1 patient was diagnosed as a case of severe osteoporosis.1 patient suffered from pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.An artificial menstrual cycle due to hormone replacement therapy was not sustained after discontinuation of hormone therapy.As disease severity and the date of initiating hormone replacement varied,the results of treatment were quite different.For patients of reproductive age,it was rare to see a reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after discontinuation of hormone therapy.

The HPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of myricetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol in Wikstroemia indica ( L. ) C. A. Mey. The method was carried out on a Diamonsil C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) eluted with the mobile phases of water containing 0.15% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in gradient mode. The UV detection wavelength was 365 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min(-1) and the column temperature was set at 30 °C. All the standard compounds showed a good linearity in the range of 0.100 8-1.008 (r = 0.999 2), 0.484 8-4.848 (r = 0.999 0) , 1. 354-13. 54 (r = 0.999 6), 0.316 8-3.168 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.999 0) for myricetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol, respectively. The average recoveries of these four flavonoids were 98.5%, 100.9%, 99.7% and 98.9% with RSD 1.2%, 1.7%, 0.81% and 1.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be applied for the quality control of Wikstroemia indica.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Pubic Symphysis Diastasis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To determine the incidence of non-fatal injuries and related influencing factors among children under 5 years old in China. Methods Data involving 10 819 children under 5 years old was from the Fourth National Health Service Survey of China. Injury-related indicators include: history of ever having had an injury, its frequency, cause, location and severity of the injury.A two-level Poissun regression was used to examine the significance of related socio-economic variables. Results The overall incidence rate of nonfatal injuries among children under 5 years old was 16.0 per 1000 population in the prior 12 months. The first three leading causes of non-fatal injuries were falls,animal bite, fire/bum among children under 1 year old,with the rates as 3.9, 1.8 and 1.8 per 1000 population, respectively. For children aged I to 4 years old, the first three leading causes were animal bite, fall, fire/burn with rates as 6.5,6.0 and 2.9 per 1000 population, respectively. 83.0% and 69.0% of last injuries occurred at home for the above said two age groups. No disability was found among children younger than 1 year old who suffered from a nonfatal injury while for the 1-4 age group, the disability accounted for 1.0% of injury-induced outcomes. After adjusting other variables,boys had 1.57 times the risk of injury compared with girls in the 1-4 age group (P＜0.05). The differences on the effects regarding ethmicity,per capita household income, and place were insignificant (P＞0.05). None of the socio-economic variables was found that significantly related to the non-fatal injury risk among children under 1 year old (P＞0.05). Conclusion The incidence of nonfatal injuries among children under 5 years old was 16.0 per 1000 population in the prior 12 months. The three leading causes of injuries were animal bite, falls, fire/bum respectively. Home was the most common place that non-fatal injuries occurred. Boys had a higher risk of injury compared with girls among children aged 1 to 4 years old and the difference was significant.

BACKGROUND: The application of coronary stents, especially drug-eluting stents (DESs), has made percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) one of important therapeutic methods for CHD. DES has reduced the in-stent restenosis to 5％–9％ and signifi cantly improved the long-term prognosis of patients with CHD. The study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of domestic drug-eluting stents (DESs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: All patients with ACS who had undergone successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2009 to December 2010 were included in this study. Patients were excluded from the study if they were implanted with bare metal stents or different stents (domestic and imported DESs) simultaneously. The included patients were divided into two groups according to different stents implanted: domestic DESs and imported DESs. RESULTS: In the 1683 patients of this study, 1558 (92.6％) patients were folowed up successfuly for an average of (29.1±5.9) months. 130 (8.3％) patients had major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiac death in 32 (2.1％) patients, recurrent myocardial infarction in 16 (1％), and revascularization in 94 (6％). The rates of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, revascularization, in-stent restenosis, stent thrombosis and other MACEs were not significantly different between the two groups (allP>0.05). Multivarite logistic regression revealed that diabetes mellitus (OR=1.75, 95％CI: 1.09–2.82,P=0.021), vascular numbers of PCI (OR=2.16, 95％CI: 1.22–3.83, P=0.09) and PCI with left main lesion (OR=9.47, 95％CI: 2.96–30.26,P=0.01) were independent prognostic factors of MACEs. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed that there was no significant difference in cumulative survival rates and survival rates free from clinical events between the two groups (allP>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of clinical events and cumulative survival rates are not statistically different between domestic DESs and imported DESs. Domestic DES is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with ACS.

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of hypertension in Tibet ranks highest among all Chinese provinces. This may be due to genetic changes caused by Tibet's unique natural environment and agrarian lifestyle, prompting us to investigated the relationship between gene polymorphisms and hypertension.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from 229 hypertensive participants and 372 healthy (control) participants from five Tibetan counties. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated for their connection to hypertension.

RESULTSThe C allele at rs2070744 of the NOS3 gene was shown to be significantly associated with hypertension (P=0.0443; OR=1.636). Additionally, the T allele of rs4961 of the ADD gene was correlated with hypertension in women (P=0.03124; OR=1.584).

CONCLUSIONIn this study we found that the NOS3 and ADD genes were related to a high incidence of hypertension among Tibetans. NOS3 gene plays a role in regulating vascular tone and blood vessel diameter, which may be altered by the low-oxygen environment of Tibet. ADD is involved in water and salt metabolism, which is consistent with the high-salt diet of Tibetans. The correlations elucidated by our study were different from those of other ethnic groups, indicating that these findings may be specific to the Tibetan people.

Adult ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tibet