Objective To explore and analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of severe complications caused by childrenˊs foreign bodies in esophagus.Methods The clinical data of 71 ca-ses of esophageal foreign bodies in children with ENT admitted to our hospital were analyzed retrospectively from Jan 2009 to Dec 2014.Results Esophageal foreign bodies in children with 71 cases,of whom 42 males and 29 females;aged from 2 months to 14 years old,highest incidence of 1 to 3 years old.Foreign bodies in esophagus lasted 2 h to 15 d.Ingestion of metallic foreign bodies in 43 cases,12 cases of plant-based foreign body,9 cases of animal foreign bodies,7 cases of chemical foreign bodies.Foreign bodies located in the upper esophageal was 51 cases,9 cases of the middle and 7 cases of the under section,3 cases of esophageal en-trance,1 case of falling into the stomach.In children with 71 cases,9 cases had complications,69 cases were cured,improved in two cases,and the cure rate was 97.2%,the average healing time was 4 d.Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment,avoid esophageal perforation are the key to avoid the emergence of the compli-cations in children with esophageal foreign bodies,timely and accurate treatment of esophageal perforation and other complications are the effective measures to improve the cure rate.

Objective To establish a method for quantitative determination of 17 kinds of organophosphates pesticides in vegeta‐bles by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) .Methods The sample was extracted by acetonitrile ,purified by the a‐mino solid phase extraction small column ,concentrated ,detected by GC‐MS .Then the ion scanning (SIM ) mode was selected to mo‐nitor the specific iron in target compound for conducting the quantitative analysis .Results 17 kinds of compound had good linearity in the limit of detection (LOD) of 0 .001 - 0 .02 mg /kg (S/N = 3) with a relative standard deviation of 1 .05% - 6 .81% ,and the re‐covery rate was 66 .4% - 99 .3% when with cap at 004 ,008 ,0 .40 mg/kg .Conclusion This method has good selection and high sensitivity ,and is suitable for the rapid determination of organophosphates pesticide residues in vegetables .

OBJECTIVE To observe the situation of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infection in the patients with reproductive tract infection(RTI),and their antibiotic resistance analysis and therapeutic strategies.METHODS To analyze Ct antibody with monoclonal antibody immunogold filtration assay,and to detect Mycoplasma and their drug sensitivity with culture method.RESULTS From 581 specimens there were 42 cases who had Ct(7.2%),and 239 cases who had Mycoplasma(41.1%).The single infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) was in 165 cases(28.4%) and of Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) in 18 cases(3.1%),respectively,Uu+Mh were in 39 cases(6.7%).Uu+Ct were in 17 cases(2.9%).The result of drug sensitivity showed that the drug resistance of Uu to erythromycin was 64.8%,to roxithromgcin was 62.6%.Mh was also with the similar tendency.The mixed infections rate was elevated.Doxycycline,minocycline,and josamycin had the higher bacteriostatic ability.CONCLUSIONS With the growing number of mycoplasma infections,and large-scale application of antibiotics themultidrug-resistance was occurred,so it is important to clinical reference to the selection of antibiotic susceptibility test results,and sufficient and adequate course of therapy to reduce the selection of resistant strains.Experimental evidence showed doxycycline,minocycline and josamycin can be used as the first choice for clinical medicine in mycoplasma infection.

Objective To detect the asymptomatic cardiovascular changes in children with adenoid hypertrophy.Methods One hundred and twenty children with adenoid hypertrophy underwent both chest X-ray and echocardiography before adenoidectomy,and echocardiography 6 months after operation.Results No child showed an increase in the cardiothoracic ratio on X-ray.But preoperative echocardiography showed an increase in pulmonary artery pressure [(22.6 ±3.6) mm Hg,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa],a decrease in E/A (1.01 ± 0.17),and an increase in right ventricular end-diastolic diameters [(1.88 ± 0.18) cm].While after operation,pulmonary artery pressure decreased to(17.1 ± 3.2) mm Hg,E/A increased to 1.25 ± 0.12,and right ventricular end-diastolic diameters decreased to (1.67 ± 0.11) cm.Each index change before and after operation was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Adenoid hypertrophy can result in clinically asymptomatic cardiopulmonary changes.Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease can prevent serious cardiopulmonary complications.

A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry- charged aerosol detection ( HPLC-MS-CAD) method was established for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of four Lignans in Magnoliae Flos extract. The components were separated on a YMC-Pack ODS-A column (250 mm× 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution with methanol and water as the mobile phase at aflow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. Then the elution solution was routed into MS equipment at a flow rate of 0. 3 mL/min and CAD detector at a flow rate of 0. 7 mL/min by a split ratio of 3:7 for the further detection. The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 278 nm. A method was developed for the quantitative analysis of muti-components by single maker ( QAMS) to determine pinoresinol dimethylether, magnoli, 1irioresinol B dimethylethe and epi-magnoli A . Magnoli was selected as internal standard and the relative correction factors ( RCF) of the four Lignans were calculated. The contents of the four Lignans in Magnoliae Flos extract were determined by both external standard method and QAMS. The QAMS method was evaluated by comparison of its assay result and that of external standard method. Under the selected chromatographic condition, the limits of detection of pinoresinol dimethylether, magnoli, lirioresinol B dimethylethe and epi-magnoli A were 0. 34, 0. 55, 0. 50 and 0. 58 mg/L, respectively, while the linear range were within 6. 8-270 mg/L, 11-546 mg/L, 2. 0-101 mg/L and 2. 3-116 mg/L. The recoveries ( n=9 ) were 98. 2%-99. 5%, and the correlation coefficient were 0 . 9995-0 . 9998 . No significant differences were found between the quantitative results of external standard method and QAMS method. The developed method is accurate, feasible, and can be used for quality evaluation of Magnoliae Flos .

Objective To observe the protective effect of magnesium gluconate on myocardial apoptosis by ischemia reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts, and study the possible mechanism. Methods The hearts of 48 Sprague-Dawely rats were isolated, linked to Lange-ndorff perfusion apparatus, and randomly divided into 3 equal groups(n = 16 each) : Control group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and magnesium gheonate group. 8 rats in each group were perfused. Control group was pedused with modified KH buffer for 110min. I/B group was perfuesd with modified KH buffer for 20 min, then exposed to iscbemia for 30 min, and then reperfused with modified KH buffer for 60 min. Magnesium gheonate group was perfumed with modified KH buffer with magnesium gluconate for 20 min, then exposed to isohemia for 30 min and then reperfused with modified KH buffer with magnesium glueonate for 60 min. Lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ereatine kinase (CK) in the effluent liquid from the heart were measured after reperfusion. The concentration of Ca2+ and NO in the left ventricle were determined. The other 8 rats in each group were reperfused for 120 minutes as the method described before. After repeffusion, the myoeyte apoptosis was examined by Annexin-V-FITC/PI. After the two experiments the incidence of ventrieular arrhytlunias during reperfusion was assessed. Results Compared with I/R, magnesium glueonate decreased the incidence of ventricular an'hythmias(P <0. 01). The contents of CK and LDH in the effluent liquid from the heart in magnesium glueonate group was lower than that of I/R group (P <0. 01). The contents of Ca2+ and NO in the left ventricle in magnesium gluconate group was decreased than that of I/R group (P <0. 01). The index of myocyte apoptosis were significanfly lower in magnesium glueonate group than that of I/R group (apoptosis index :27.79±1.59 vs 33.61±2.10, P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Magnesium glueonate has protective effect on myocardial isohemia reperfusion injury in rats. The protective effect may be related to decreasing myocyte apoptosis by increasing the content of NO and relieving calcium overload.

Objective To study the modulation alterations of calcium activated potassium channel (Kca) and calcium activated chloride channels (Clca) on detrusor instability(DI) and their roles in DI. Methods The detrusor instability (DI) animal model was established using female Wistar rats. Detrusor strips were obtained from normal and DI rats. The contraction frequency and amplitude of the strips were measured by an in vitro tension test. The actions of channel openers and blockers were studied. Results Spontaneous contraction frequency and amplitude of DI increased significantly. The block of big conductance calcium activated potassium channel(Bkca) by Iberiotoxin resulted in decrease of frequency but increase of amplitude in the control, but only increase of frequency in DI. The opener, NS1619, resulted in decreases of frequency and amplitude in the control, but only decreases of frequency in DI. The block of small conductance Kca (Skca) by apamin resulted in increases of frequency and amplitude in both control and DI groups, but the opener, Chlorzoxazone, resulted in decreases of frequency and amplitude in the control, but only decrease of frequency in DI. The contraction alterations of DI were significantly lower than those of the control no matter Kca was blocked or opened. NFA, a selective Clca blocker, resulted in no significant frequency and amplitude alteration in the control, but significant decrease in DI. Conclusion These results suggested that Kca and Clca play a critical role in the modulation of detrusor contraction, and the down regulation of Kca and up regulation of Clca suggests that disorder of calcium related regulation may play an important role in DI.

Objective To study the different mRNA expressions of big and small conductance calcium activated potassium channels (Bkca and Skca), and calcium activated chloride channels (Clca) in normal and instable detrusors. Methods Model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) of female Wistar rats was prepared by ligating the proximal urethra in the perineum. Detrusor instability (DI) was confirmed by conscious cystometry. The mRNA was extracted from the detrusors of normal and DI rats for the detection of the expressions of Bkca, Skca2, Skca3, and Clca by RT PCR. The different channel expression between normal and instable detrusors was identified by gel imaging. Results The incidence of DI in BOO rats was 76.17%. Bladder capacity and the maximal detrusor pressure increased significantly ( P

Teacher student relationship is the most important part in educational activities.It’s quality and quantity have a significant impact on educational and teaching effectiveness.This article aims to analyze the exiting status of the relationship between the tutors and the postgraduates in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, focusing on the some main factors which affect the said relationship, including education environment factor, tutor factor, postgrad-uate factor and etc., and combining the characteristics of Medical Colleges’studying.On the basis of the concerned survey, this article initially discusses the key issues during the establishment of the harmony relationship between tutors and postgraduates.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of CEREC chairside on atypical porcelain inlay restoring class [[cavity.Methods 30 patients that required re-treatment because of resin restoration failure and early posterior proximal caries were selected randomly.The original fillings,secondary carious tissues and undercut parts were removed.The clear and round edge lines were prepared.With Sirona CEREC Blocs,35 atypical ceramic inlays were produced in accordance with CEREC AC CAD/CAM standard procedures.After clinical trial and modification,the inlays were bonded with 3M Veneer resin adhesive cement.Evaluation was done immediately and 3,6,12 and 24 months after restoration.Two senior prosthodontists did the evaluation according to the modified USPHS criteria.Results The evaluation results were all A when estimated immediately after restoration.None inlay falled off during the first two years.However,3 inlay were found to be damaged when reviewed at the 24th month.There exsited two patients having mild symptoms of dentine hypersensitivity which appeared at the beginning and died out gradually.Generally speaking,more than 90％ of inlay restorations had reached the USPHS criteria A.Color match and retention represented better effects.Conclusions CEREC atypical ceramic inlays can effectively restore Class Ⅱ cavity,short-term effect is good,but long-term effect still needs further observations.