Objective To discuss the key problem of medical device supervision of orthoses and its effect on orthoses market. Methods The meaning of orthoses was discriminated, the status of regulation was revealed, the generic names of orthoses was designed, and the effect of supervision on different body of orthoses market was analyzed. Results Difficulties are brought to the medical device regulation because of different meanings of orthoses in the fields of assistive devices and medical devices. Scientific classification and naming was the right way to solve the problem. Conclusion All the organizations on chains of orthoses are within the category of medical device supervision. Fit-ting organizations of orthoses should also accept regulation of China Food and Drug Administration, at the same time gaining qualification from China Ministry of Civil Affairs. The problem of personalized orthoses supervision needs to be solved properly.

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Six administrative systems are established to provide assistive devices for the person with disability in Taiwan, such as medi-cal insurance, disabled soldier, labour, education, sports, health and welfare, etc. Service network, subsidies directory, subsidies standards and evaluation system of assistive devices are also set up.

Quantitative and objective evaluation of the severity of Parkinson disease(PD)with new tools has been a focus of neuroscience research.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)is a new optical imaging technique characterized by non-invasiveness,non-contact,high resolution,no radiation and no damage to living tissues.OCT can be used to detect changes of the optic disc and the retinal nerve fiber layer in PD.OCT provides a new approach to objective assessment of the severity of PD.

Autistic Disorder ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Immune System ; physiopathology

Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; trends

BACKGROUND:Traditional treatment of tibia and fibula fractures complicated with skin soft tissue defect is mainly external fixation, wound debridement and dressing plus skin graft or skin flap transplantation after the infection is control ed and granulation grow. This method is disadvantageous due to high cost, great pain, long hospitalization stay, infection and necrosis, even the possibility of amputation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and external fixator in the treatment of tibia and fibula open fractmes complicated with skin defects.
METHODS:A total of 38 patients with severe open fractures of tibia and fibula complicated with skin defects were selected from Benxi Central Hospital between January 2009 and September 2013. The size of skin defects was more than 5 cm2. After external fixation, the patients underwent complete debridement and dressing, fol owed by VSD treatment for 5-7 days. After granulation tissue grew and the wound became fresh, the patients received intermedite thickness skin graft. And 15 cases treated without VSD were retrospectively selected, serving as control group. The infection control rate and wound healing time in the two groups were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 5-7 days of VSD treatment, VSD dressings were removed, wound infection was control ed, local wound granulation tissue was fresh. Both the wound and fractures were healed wel , no osteomyelitis or amputation occurred. Among the involved 38 patients, 23 cases were cured, 12 cases were effective, and three cases were ineffective. The total effective rate showed significant differences compared with the control group (92%vs. 53%;P<0.05). VSD can completely remove the wound secretions and necrotic tissue, improve local microcirculation, eliminate the infection, VSD plus external fixator and skin grating is a simple and effective method in treatment of tibia and fibula open fractures with soft tissue defects.

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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference of Clinical Research Coordinator(CRC)industry development in China. METH-ODS:By using the method of literature research combining with field survey research,the development status,training certifica-tion and working mode of CRC industry in Japan were summarized,and suggestions on the development of the CRC industry in China were proposed. RESULTS:Japanese CRC industry gradually matured,and staff tended to be stable,the standardized train-ing and certification system have been established,the services include the support on medical institutions,clinical trials,clinical researches and other multiple aspects. CRC industry in China should perfect the company system construction,carry out standard-ized training and certification examination, strengthen the hospitals' direct management of CRC, and expand the CRC services in clinical research. CONCLUSIONS:The experience of CRC industry development in Japan,including system construction,stan-dardized training and working mode,is a good example for China CRC industry to learn.

10 cm respectively from the tumor),the metastatic rate of lymph nodes was 34.7%,2.5% and 1.7%,respectively.The metastatic rate of LN in right colon was significantly higher than that in left colon(52.0% vs 33.8%,P