Objective To evaluate the effect of amniotic products after transcervical resection of uterine adhesions (TCRA). Methods This study was carried out in 57 patients with intensive degree of intrauterine adhesions (IUA) who had been treated by TCRA between Jun. 2013 to Jun. 2014. These patients were devided into two groups randomly. In group amnion, 29 patients were placed amniontic scaffold balloon after TCRA;in group balloon, 28 patients were placed Foley′s balloon after TCRA. The two groups′balloons were taken out after TCRA 7 days. All patients were taken artificial cycle treatment. The uterine cavity form and the menstruation of 2 groups were observed in 3 months after TCRA. Results In group amnion, IUA score dropped from 10.1±0.5 preoperatively to 3.2±1.5 postoperative (P<0.01), in group balloon, IUA score dropped from 10.1 ± 0.5 preoperatively to 6.3 ± 2.5 postoperative (P<0.01). In group amnion, the menstrual score increased from 13.3 ± 4.4 preoperatively to 32.6 ± 5.5 postoperative (P<0.01), in group balloon, the menstrual score increased from 11.1±5.8 to 26.5±5.6 (P<0.01). The menstrual improvement of group amnion was better than that of group balloon significantly (P=0.002). In group amnion, the recurrence rate of adhesion was 21%(6/29), in group balloon, the recurrence rate of adhesion was 36%(10/28). There was no significant difference (P=0.248). The pregnancy rate of group amnion was 28%(8/29), the pregnancy rate of group balloon was 21%(6/28). The difference of pregnancy rate in two groups was not significant (P=0.760). Conclusion This small sample observation indicate that amniotic products used in the treatment of intensive IUA could improve menstrual, reduce the recurrence of adhesion, but the impovement of the pregnancy rate should be confirmed by large sample observation.

A novel method for the determination of metallic elements in environmental samples was developed based on the matrix-assisted plasma surface sampling atomic emission spectrometry ( AES system) . A piece of filter paper was used as sample substrate. By direct interaction of the plasma tail plume with the filter paper surface, the filter paper absorbed energy from the plasma source and released combustion heating to the analytes originally present on its surface, thus to promote the atomization and excitation process. Surface sampling was performed in both cases of liquid and solid state analytes. Therefore, no flow injection system was required and sample pretreatment process was simplified. The proposed method provides several advantages, including fast analysis speed ( about 240 samples/h ) , little sample consumption (μL or μg level) , simplicity in instrument design, and also ease of system operation. These advantages made it attractive as a potential miniaturized AES system for in situ and high-throughput elemental analyses. Quantitative analysis of metal ions were achieved in this study for elements Ag, Au, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Eu, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Y. Under optimal conditions, the LOD values of the 13 elements ranged from 1. 0 to 88 μg/L. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation ( RSD) from 10 replicates, ranged from 2. 3% to 6. 8%. To validate the proposed method, the system was employed to determine metal elements in standard reference materials of environmental samples. The content of each element was well in agreement with the certified values.

BACKGROUND: The pathway of cholinergic nerve also with rich opium receptor in the septum-hippocampus areas is an important part for spatial learning memory. There is study that naloxone, an antagonist of opium receptor, can relieve the inhibition of activity of cholinergic neuron caused by opioid peptides in the medial septum and hippocampus, promote the release of acetylcholine (Ach)into synaptic cleft, and improve the impairment of spatial memory.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intervention effect of naloxone on impairment of spatial working memory of rats induced by scopolamine, a blocker of cholinergic muscarinic receptor.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial taking experimental animals as subjects.SETTING: Geriatric Department of Wuzhongpei Memorial Hospital at Shunde District of Foshan City.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed from 2003 to 2004 at the Experimental Animal Center of Medical School of Shantou University. A total of 21 SD rats of clean grade were at random divided into three groups:normal group, scopolamine group and naloxone group (scopolamine and naloxone), with 7 in each group. Build up of Morris water maze: A circular rubber pool, 2 m diameter and 55 cm height, with 30 cm depth of water at20℃-22℃, was built up. At the center of its southeast quadrant, a cylinder platform installed, which was 12 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm below the water surface, the only place for rats to escape death. The water of the pool was covered with bits of white polythene. In the house, there were light tubes, windows and tables in fixed place served as the outside cues of the pool. On the four walls of the pool, there were several randomly-hung and eye-catching markers as inside cues.METHODS: Medicines were intraperitoneally given 30 minutes before the experiment for rats in each group, scopolamine 0.4 mg/kg and naloxone 3mg/kg in two treatment groups, the equal volume saline in normal group.Then escape latencies of rats were recorded for two successive trials through a delayed-matching\task in self-made Morris water maze. After the Morris water maze examination, all rats were put to death, the tissue of left brain was selected, conventionally treated and sliced. The expression level of cholinacetyltranslase (ChAT) in areas of hippocampus and prefrontal lobe were quantitatively assayed by immunohistochemistry and the computerized image technique. At the same time, the tissue of right brain in two rats of each group was selected, the hippocampus was immediately freed, and the change of CAI region of the hippocampus observed with electron microscope.trastructure of CA1 region of hippocampus in rats.cies of two successive trials were very significantly different in normal group[(46.4±17.7)vs (13.4±8.2)s, t =7.32, P＜ 0.01], and significantly different in naloxone treatment group[ (27.9±14.3)vs (9.0±3.8)s, t=3.19, P＜ 0.05], but not pression of ChAT in pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus and in neurons of prefrontal cortex of three groups was not different statisticalhippocampus in all groups was normal; However, the ultrastructure of the neuron synapsis was abnormal obviously in scopolamine group: The synaptic vesicles were markedly different in size; the vesicles obviously gathered in the part of presynaptic membrane with an enhanced density, and large and sparse in the distal part. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes were indistinct and fused, synaptic cleft not clear, and postsynaptic dense materials not homogeneous, indistinct and without clear borderline.CONCLUSION: Scopolamine could impair the power of spatial working memory in rats. Naloxone could promote great release of Achin neuron synaptic vesicles into synaptic clefts, and increase the density of postsynaptic dense materials, relieve the inhibition of opioid peptide to cholinergic neuron activity in the medial septum and hippocampus, and could improve space memory injury.

0.05) . Conclusion: Mini-implant can replace traditional anchorge composed of extraoral arch and Nance arch in the moving of cuspid distally.

Objective: To construct a high effective eukaryotic expre ss ing vector containing mcpr1 gene. Methods: mcpr1 gene w as amplified by PCR from the plasmid T-easy/ mcpr1, then PCR product was in serted into eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His B. The positive recomb inant was identified by PCR analysis, HindIII and BamHI restriction analysis and Sequence analysis. Results: A 400 bp DNA fragment was amplified from the recombinant. Sequence analysis and restriction digest demonstrated tha t the mcpr1 gene was successfully inserted into pcDNA3.1/V5-His B plasmid. Conclusion: The eukaryotic expressed vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His B/ mcpr1 has been successfully reconstructed.

Objective To investigate how the independent components(ICs)energies of multichannel local field potentials(LFPs) code event base on the analysis of ICA of the cortical LFPs of rats. Methods Taking the event point as the zero point, 15-channel LFPs between the span of ±500ms recorded from the prefrontal cortex of rats were decomposed into 15 ICs. The energies of the ICs were computed in a 50-ms window. By sliding the window with step of 25 ms, a dynamic distribution mapping of the 15 ICs' energies was established. ICs with distinctly increased energies during the span of ±200 ms, which indicating that these ICs energies coded event,were selected as the targets. The corresponding channels of these ICs were determined consequently via the inverse transformation of ICA. Results Considering each trail of the repetitious analysis for the same segment of data, the spatial localization of the dominate function region(s) turned out to be relatively stable in spite of the uncertainty of the number and sequence of the target IC(s) due to the ambiguities of the decomposition of ICA.Meanwhile, the analysis results of a series of data segments showed satisfactory correspondence between data segments and dominate function regions. Conclusion The ICs' energies of multichannel LFPs are able to code events in working memories; It is valid for ICA to identify the coding patterns of multichannel LFPs to events; ICA is capable to localize the dominate function regions of event coding with satisfactory robustness.

Objective To discuss the value of video-assisted thoracoscopic repair in the treatment of pectus excavatum in children.Methods Thoracoscopic sternum elevation with an internal steel bar(Nuss procedure) was performed in 45 children with pectus excavatum.Preoperatively,a curved steel bar was prepared and the site of incision and the lowest part of the depression were labeled with methylene blue.Under right-sided thoracoscopic vision,the bar was inserted into the retrosternal tunnel thereby correcting deformity. Results The steel bar was placed safely in all the 45 patients.The operation time was 35~80 min(mean,60 min).The intraoperative blood loss was less than 5 ml.The length of postoperative hospital stay was 4~10 days(mean,7 days).Forty children were followed for 3~30 months(mean,16.5 months).Short-term complications included pneumothorax in 1 patient and pneumonia in 1 patient.Long-term complications included bar shift after 1 year in 1 patient and persistent sternal pain in 2 patients(which had been cured by oral and local analgetic administration).The bar had been removed in 10 children,all of whom had good cosmetic results.Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic Nuss procedure is safe and effective in the management of pectus excavatum in children,with advantages of short operation time,simple performance,satisfactory cosmetic results,and fewer complications.

Objective To observe the differences of retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetic and healthy subjects.Methods Seventy-one diabetic patients and 91 healthy persons were included diabetes group and control group respectively.Oxygen saturation was measured in retinal blood vessels in two groups using retinal Oxymap.The oxygen saturation in retinal arteries and veins about 1.5-3.0 disc-diameter from center of optic disc was analyzed by instrumental software.Results Among 71 cases of diabetics,there was no significant difference in retinal oxygen saturation between male and female,among different ages and duration of disorder (all P ＞ 0.05).The retinal average arteriolar oxygen saturation in diabetes group was higher than that in control group (P =0.00).The diabetes group had the higher arteriolar oxygen saturation in all the quadrants,while only the superior temporal and inferior temporal showed significant difference statistically (all P ＜0.05).The retinal average venous oxygen saturation in diabetes group showed an upward trend although with no significance (P ＞0.05).Venous oxygen saturation in the diabetes group were higher in retinal superior temporal and inferior temporal quadrant and lower in retinal inferior nasal quadrant,there were significant statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The retinal arterio-venous oxygen saturation differences in diabetes group was higher than that in control group,there was significant statistical difference (P =0.00).Conclusion There is significant difference in retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetics and healthy subjects.There are different degrees of changes in retinal oxygen saturation among different quadrants,indicating uneven distribution of retinal oxygen metabolism in each quadrant.

To compare the advantages and the disadvantages of the teaching of problem-based learning(PBL) with lecture based learing(LBL) in Pathophysiology with the questionnaire.

In medical education,to cultivate the medical students with high comprehensive quality,we have carried out the teaching reform in Pathophysiology education.