Antiplatelet therapy is a major strategy with a growing body of evidence in management of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.This article introduces the mechanism of currently available antiplatelet drugs as well as their practice guidelines and evidence from clinical trials.There is currently no robust evidence to support the use of venous antiplatelet agents.Aspirin is the sole evidence-based antiplatelet drug for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.Aspirin,dipyridamole and clopidogrel are effective in secondary stroke prevention.Combination therapy using aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole is the only combination approach to demonstrate additive benefit.

Objective To investigate effect of Xuebijing injection on Th1/2, endotoxin and immune factors in patients with acute sepsis.Methods 110 cases of sepsis patients were selected and divided into two groups from September 2014 to January 2015.The control group of 55 cases were treated by clinical routine therapy, the experiment group of 55 cases were treated with Xuebijing injection on the basis of control group.Hemodynamics, serum Th1/2, endotoxin and specific immunological function of spleen were compared.Results After treatment, the heart rate of experiment group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), the mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure were higher than control group (P<0.05), vasoconstrictive drugs application amount was less than control group ( P<0.05 ) , the ratio of Th1/Th2 was higher than control group ( P<0.05 ) , serum endotoxin levels was lower than control group (P<0.05), and the ratio of HLA-DR, lymphocyte proliferation and positive index of caspase-3 cells were lower than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Xuebijing injection can effectively improve haemodynamics in patients with sepsis, regulate serum Th1/Th2 levels, reduce serum endotoxin level and enhance specific immune function of spleen, which has important significance for clinical treatment of sepsis.

AIM:To disscus the clinical effect of the silicone tube implantation under the guidance of memory wire in the treatment of lacrimal canaliculus.
METHODS:One hundred and fifteen cases (115 eyes ) of traumatic canalicular laceration were treated by canaliculoplasty from September 2012 to June 2014. Finding the end of lacrimal canaliculus under microscope, guided by memory wire which was probed in lacrimal passage to the nasal cavity, intubating double-passage silicone tube as a support and end-to-end anastomosis. The condition of epiphora and irrigation of lacrimal passage were observed after extubation.
RESULTS: All 115 cases were experienced successful operation. All patients were followed up for 6mo ~ 1a (mean 9. 3mo) after extubation. Lacrimal passage was unobstructed in 96 cases 96 eyes(83. 5%), stricture in 13 cases 13 eyes (11. 3%), and blocked in 6 cases 6 eyes (5. 2%).
CONCLUSION:Double-passage silicone tube guided by memory wire may be an optional technique in the treatment of traumatic lacrimal duct laceration, which is a feasible, minimally - invasive, safe and effective method.

In recent 30 years, it was approved that extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) is effective on musculoskeletal disorders. Hypertonia is a common complication in patients suffered from central nervous system lesion. Recently, there were several literatures report hypertonia can be treated with ESW. This paper reviewed the research in basic principle of ESW and its use on hypertonia.

Aim To study the effect of PLC on rabbit and human platelet actin polymerization, and then to explore the mechanism of PLC anti-aggregation to platelet. Methods Platelets of rabbit and human were treated with PSS, ASA and different doses of PLC respectively and then were extracted by Triton abstraction. The relative concentration of actin of differently treated platelets induced by ADP was determined by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometre. Results For rabbit platelets were treated with PSS, the relative concentration of actin determined at static state was 1.682?0.319; when the platelets were treated with ASA 668 ?mol?L -1,PLC 5,10,15,20 and 25 U?ml -1, the relative concentration of actin determined at activated state induced by ADP was 2.450?0.562,1.089?0.322,1.727?0.442,1.450?0.324,1.161?0.306, 0.857?0.242 and 0.692?0.187 respectively. Compared with PSS, inhibition rates (%) of ASA 668 ?mol?L -1, PLC 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 U?ml -1 to the relative concentration of actin were 55.55,29.51, 40.82,52.61, 65.02,71.76 respectively.For human platelets were treated with PSS, the relative concentration of actin determined at static state was 1.358?0.376; when the platelets were treated with ASA 668 ?mol?L -1,PLC 5,10,15,20 and 25 U?ml -1, the relative concentration of actin determined at activated state induced by ADP was 2.445?0.750, 1.096?0.344, 1.705?0.507,1.437?0.416, 1.165?0.355, 0.845?0.257 and 0.679?0.198 respectively. Compared with PSS, inhibition rates (%) of ASA 668 ?mol?L -1, PLC 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 U?ml -1 to the relative concentration of actin were 55.17,30.27, 41.23,52.35, 65.44, 72.23 respectively. Conclusion PLC has significant effects on actin polymerization of rabbit and healthy human platelets (P

Objective A distintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 (ADAM33) is one of the asthma susceptibility gene, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of asthma and airway hyperreactivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of serum ADAM33 in patients with different severity of asthma and the relation to airway chronic inflammation through clinical trials.MethodsPatients diagnosed as mild-to-moderate asthma (n=54), severe asthma (n=35) and healthy controls (n=30) were recruited from May 2015 to May 2016.The serum IgE, ADAM33, IL-4 and IL-13 1evels and Eosinophil (EOS) in peripheral blood were detected, and the correlation analysis was performed Results The serum levels of ADAM33 in mild-to-moderate asthma group, severe asthma group and healthy control group were 23.8±6.21pg/mL,64.8±12.8pg/mL and 18.3±4.49pg/mL, respectively.The ADAM33 levels in mild-to-moderate asthma group and severe asthma group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05).The ADAM33 levels in severe asthma group were higher than those in mild to moderate asthma group.(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that ADAM33 had positive correlation with IL-4 and IL-13(r=0.79 and r=0.81), but no correlation with EOS and IgE(r=0.54 and r=0.46).Conclusion The expression of serum ADAM33 was up-regulated in asthmatic patients along with the severity of asthma.ADAM33 was positively correlated with serum IL-4 and IL-13, implying that the expression of ADAM33 may be regulated by Th2 type cytokines.

Objective To study the effect of different doses of Zhengan xifeng decoction on Raf-1 mRNA and protein expression in the cardiovascular tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats( SHR). Methods A total of 50 male SHR,24 weeks old,were randomly divided into the model,low dose,medium dose,high dose of Zhengan xifeng decoction and the compound apocynum groups,10 in each group. Ten homologous male rats( WKY)served as the normal control group. After gavaged for 5 weeks,western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the Raf-1 protein and mRNA expression in the cardiovascular tissue,respectively. Results Compared with the model control group,both Raf-1 protein and mRNA expressions significantly increased in all treatment groups( P〈0. 01 ). Conclusion The Zhengan xifeng decoction can stimulate cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of Raf-1.

Objective To evaluate the differences, including clinical symptoms, endoscopic and histopathologic findings, status of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and cytokeratin (CK) expressions, be-tween Barrett esophagus (BE) and heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) in upper esophagus. Methods Clinical data of 152 patients with BE and 52 patients with HGM in upper esophagus diagnosed from February 2004 to September 2005 were retrospectively studied. The parameters being compared include-ed clinical manifestations, conventional and magnifying endoscopic findings, histopathological findings, Hp infection determined by rapid urease test and Warthin-Starry staining and expression of CK phenotypes detec-ted by immunohistochemistry. Results Gastro-esophngeal reflux was observed in 64. 5% of patients with BE (98/152), higher than that in patients with HGM ( 13.5%, 7/52, χ2 = 40. 36, P < 0. 01 ). Endoscopic faveolus of BE mucosa included 46 cases of spot pattern, 65 striations and 41 villiform patterns, while those of HGM were all striation patterns. The histologic classification in BE included 56 cases of fundic type, 39 junction type and 57 specialized intestinal metaplasia, while in HGM mucesa, 31 cases of fundic type, 16 junction type and 5 antrum type were diagnosed, and no goblet cells were found. Moderate and severe infil-tration of inflammatory cells in BE mucosa was 63.2% (96/152), which was significantly higher than that in HGM mucosa (15/52, 28. 8%, P<0. 01). However, no difference was found in gastric antrum inflam-mation between the two groups (44.7%, 68/152, vs. 51.9%, 27/52, P>0.05). No difference was ob-served in prevalence of Hp infection between BE and HGM groups (P >0. 05 ), either in involved mucosa or in antrum. CK7 was not expressed in HGM or normal squamons mucosa, but was expressed in BE. CK20 and CK19 were expressed in both HGM and BE, and CK13 expression was found in some BE nmcosa including gas-tric metaplesia (55/95) and intestinal metaplasia (29/57) but not in HGM mucosa. Conclusion There are differences between HGM and BE, in regarding of reflux symptoms, magnifying endoscopic findings, histo-logical types and CKs expressions, which may be indicators to make differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the changes of airway resistance before and after Bronchial Diulation Test in patients with senile asthma and the effect of age on the degree of airway resistance. Methods A total of 29 (> 60 years)senile asthma patients and 21 younger(< 60 y)patients were enrolled in the study. The status of their pulmonary function was determined by MEFV(Maximum expiratory flow?volume curve)and an IOS(impulse oscillometry) system before and after Bronchial Diulation Test,The spirometric indexes such as forced vital capacity,total respiratory impedance,respiratory resistance and respiratory system reactance were collected and analyzed. Results Significant decreases of indexs were found after Bronchial Diulation Test compared with those before Bronchial Diulation Test in the study group(P<0.05,respectively). No significant difference in improvement of indexs was found between the group of patients with senile asthma(age > 60 years)and the group of healthy control(age < 60 years ). Each index of the airway resistance has a very good correlation with FEV1%,with the highest degree of relation is X5%. Conclusion The airway resistance of senile asthmatic patients was significantly improved after diuslation test and these indexes IOS would be valuable in evaluating the changes of airway resistance of senile asthma.

To investigate the effect of the anti-endotoxic part of Radix Isatidis on the expression of moesin mRNA in murine tissues induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the sample solution of F(022) part from Radix Isatidis was intraperitoneally administered to experimental mice, and the lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) were injected into the tail vein, and then the tissues of liver, kidney and spleen were colleted and cut into slices. The mRNA was detected by moesin mRNA hybridization in situ. The staining results were observed under microscope. It was found that moesin mRNA expression was increased in the tissues of liver, kidndy and spleen in mice treated with LPS, while in the mice pre-treated with F(022) part from Radix Isatidis, the LPS-induced moesin mRNA expressions in these tissues were inhibited in a dose-dependant manner. Our study showed that F(022) part from Radix Isatidis can inhibit the LPS-induced expression of moesin mRNA in the tissues of liver, kidney and spleen in mice.