A chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. It was used to study the pharmacokinetics in the Beagle dog after intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen. Ketoprofen was chosen as the internal standard. After a simple precipitation using methanol as the precipitating solvent, both analytes and IS were separated on a Kromasil 100-5CHI-TBB chiral column (250 mm x4.6 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution using acetonitrile - 20 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, containing 5% methanol) (6 : 4) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 220 nm. Liner calibration curves for both of the ibuprofen enantiomers were over the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 μg x mL(-1) with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 μg x mL(-1), the accuracies were all in standard ranges. The intra- and inter- assay precisions were all below 7%. The recovery rate was 93.1% to 100.4%. The experiments proved that the method was simple, rapid and sensitive. It can be used in the quantitative determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. The method was used to determine the concentration of ibuprofen enantiomers in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen (9 mg x kg(-1)) and the pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated based on the concentration-time curves. The C(max) of S-ibuprofen in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen were 30.8 ± 4.7, 46.1 ± 5.9 and 20.0 ± 2.6 μg x mL(-1), respectively. In terms of the exposure of active ingredient, it revealed a significant difference between the administration of S-ibuprofen and the other two groups. The systematical R- to S- chiral inversion was discussed. Comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters at different doses, chiral inversion were 70.1% ± 36.6% and 76.4% ± 36.2%, respectively, after intravenous administration of racemic- and R-ibuprofen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the safety of ibuprofen formula of injection drug.

A chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. It was used to study the pharmacokinetics in the Beagle dog after intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen. Ketoprofen was chosen as the internal standard. After a simple precipitation using methanol as the precipitating solvent, both analytes and IS were separated on a Kromasil 100-5CHI-TBB chiral column (250 mm x4.6 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution using acetonitrile - 20 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, containing 5% methanol) (6 : 4) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 220 nm. Liner calibration curves for both of the ibuprofen enantiomers were over the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 μg x mL(-1) with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 μg x mL(-1), the accuracies were all in standard ranges. The intra- and inter- assay precisions were all below 7%. The recovery rate was 93.1% to 100.4%. The experiments proved that the method was simple, rapid and sensitive. It can be used in the quantitative determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. The method was used to determine the concentration of ibuprofen enantiomers in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen (9 mg x kg(-1)) and the pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated based on the concentration-time curves. The C(max) of S-ibuprofen in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen were 30.8 ± 4.7, 46.1 ± 5.9 and 20.0 ± 2.6 μg x mL(-1), respectively. In terms of the exposure of active ingredient, it revealed a significant difference between the administration of S-ibuprofen and the other two groups. The systematical R- to S- chiral inversion was discussed. Comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters at different doses, chiral inversion were 70.1% ± 36.6% and 76.4% ± 36.2%, respectively, after intravenous administration of racemic- and R-ibuprofen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the safety of ibuprofen formula of injection drug.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dogs ; Ibuprofen ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Stereoisomerism

Objective To compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(US-FNA)biopsy in diagnosing solid and complex thyroid nodules with different size. Methods One hundred and seventy-five thyroid FNA biopsies were prospectively performed on 168 patients ranging from 4 to 75 years of age. Sixty-three nodules were surgically excised and the others were clinically followed-up. The cytology diagnoses were categorized into four groups: benign, malignant, suspicious and unsatisfactory. Results There was no significant complication in the all 115 solid and 60 complex thyroid lesions and there were 36and 3 malignant nodules respectively in solid and complex thyroid nodules. The nondiagnostic rates of solid and complex nodules were 7％ and 8％. The accuracy of US-FNA in diagnosing complex thyroid nodules was comparatively equal to that of in solid thyroid nodules. In solid thyroid nodules, the sensitivity and accuracy in ≤1 cm group were similar to that of in ＞1 cm group. Conclusions US-FNA was an accurate and reliable method to diagnose thyroid solid and complex lesions.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

METHODSUS-FNA was performed for 175 thyroid nodes in 168 patients aged 4 to 75 years in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2004 to December 2008. The diagnostic data obtained from US-FNA were compared with those confirmed by surgical pathology and clinical follow-up. The US-FNA results were classified as benign, malignant, suspicious, or unsatisfactory.

RESULTSAmong these 175 thyroid nodules, surgical pathology and clinical follow-up confirmed that there were 39 malignant nodules and 136 benign nodules, while US-FNA showed that 124 aspirates (70.9%) were benign, 24 (13.7%) were malignant, 14 (8.0%) were suspicious, and 13 (7.4%) were unsatisfactory for interpretation. For US-FNA, the sensitivity was 81.1%, specificity was 93.6%, accuracy was 90.7%positive predictive value was 78.9%and negative predictive value was 94.4%. Post-puncture bleeding was observed in 3 nodules (1.7%).

CONCLUSIONUS-FNA is accurate and reliable in diagnosing thyroid nodules.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical feasibility and technical characteristics of immediate loading and to access the short-term clinical results of treatment.

METHODSThis study included 3 completely edentulous patients and 24 patients who were partially edentulous from March 1999 to December 2003. 21 implants were immediately loaded and provided support for mandibular overdenture for 3 fully edentulous patients. 30 implants were placed in 21 partially edentulous patients and implants were immediate loaded in edentulous mandibular providing support for fixed provisional prosthesis within 6 months. Then, metal-ceramic crowns were completed. All patients were followed up by 1, 3, 6, 12 months and the patients were checked every 12 months.

RESULTSA total of 42 implants were loaded immediately. From March 1999 to December 2003, no implants were lost during follow-up (range 3 to 49 months, mean of 28 months). No infections, nerve or sinus damage or other sequelae occurred. No implants exhibited peri-implant radiolucencies. Moreover, immediate loading seems to increase the ossification of the alveolar bone around endosseous implants. Patients were satisfied with the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe data and the experience described in this study indicate that immediate loading with restorations using appropriate surgical and restorative techniques can predicate the completely edentulous and partially edentulous mandible in some cases. Further study is needed to determine the long-term result of immediately loaded implants.

Adult ; Dental Abutments ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis Retention ; instrumentation ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Denture, Complete, Immediate ; Denture, Partial, Immediate ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; surgery ; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the preliminary clinical results of application of All-on-4 immediate function in edentulous patients.

METHODSTwenty nine edentulous patients with 140 immediately loaded implants supporting fixed complete-arch all-acrylic prostheses from April 2008 to October 2009 in Peking University School of Stomatology were included. The implant-supported fixed complete-arch all-acrylic prostheses were delivery on the operation day. At time of abutments connection, a panoramic radiograph was taken. And radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed in every 2 months. Clinical observe items included marginal bone level, integrity of the restoration, survival of the implants and degree of satisfaction of the patients.

RESULTSA total of 140 implants were immediate loading. Eight implants were lost during 6 - 8 weeks after immediate loading, giving survival rate of 94.3%. The marginal bone level was (0.8 ± 0.4) mm. The All patients were satisfied with the clinical results.

CONCLUSIONSThe data and the experience described in this study indicate that All-on-four immediate function technique can be a predictable technique for edentulous patients. Further study is needed to determine the long-term result of the technology.

Adult ; Aged ; Dental Implants ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Female ; Humans ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading ; methods ; Jaw, Edentulous ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth, Edentulous ; surgery ; Patient Satisfaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the vascular activity of extract from mulberry leaves (EML) on rat thoracic aorta and the underlying mechanism.

METHODSIsolated thoracic rings of Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted on the organ bath and the tension of the vessel was recorded.

RESULT(1) EML produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of aorta preconstricted by high K(+) (60 mmol/L) or 10(-6) mol/L phenylephrine (PE) in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded arteries. (2) EML at EC(50) concentration reduced the calcium dose-response curve. (3) After incubation of aorta with verapamil, EML induced vasocontraction of aorta preconstricted by PE, which was abolished by ruthenium red.

CONCLUSIONThe vascular effect of EML is biphasic, the vasorelaxation is greater than the vasocontraction. The vasorelaxation induced by EML may be mediated by inhibition of voltage-and receptor-dependent calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, while the vasocontraction is via activation of ryanodine receptor in endoplasmic reticulum.

Acetates ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Potassium ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; physiology ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcomes of immediate post-extraction implant and immediate function according to All-on-4 immediate concept in edentulous patients.

METHODSThe study included 46 patients with hopeless teeth. A total of 254 implants were immediately inserted after extraction and 56 fixed complete-arch all-acrylic prostheses finished and functioned on the day of extraction from June 2008 to March 2012 in Peking University School of Stomatology. At time of abutments connection, a panoramic radiograph was taken, and radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed in every 6 months. Marginal bone level, integrity of the restoration, survival of the implants and degree of satisfaction of the patients were evaluated.

RESULTSA total of 254 implants were immediate loading. Thirteen implants were lost 6 - 8 weeks after immediate loading and the survival rate of 94.9% (241/254). The marginal bone absorption was (0.7 ± 0.3) mm on average. All patients were satisfied with the clinical results.

CONCLUSIONSImmediate post-extraction implant and immediate function technique can be a predictable technique. Further study is needed to determine the long-term results of the technology.

Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; Mouth, Edentulous

OBJECTIVETo investigate if magnetic- attached overdenture supported by microimplants of 2.5 mm in diameter was able to function properly.

METHODSFourteen microimplants were placed in 4 patients. Implants were exposed 3 months later and magnetic abutments were connected directly. X-ray was taken during the 3 year follow-up to examine marginal bone level. Peri-implant soft tissue was also checked. Denture retention, chewing stability and overall satisfaction with the microimplants retained overdenture were evaluated.

RESULTSAll of the 14 microimplants achieved initial primary stability without infection or any other postoperative complications. No implant was lost during the follow-up period. Only one magnetic abutment fractured one year after restoration and was replaced. X-ray showed highly stable marginal bone level around the microimplants. The patients were satisfied with the restoration.

CONCLUSIONSThe microimplants retained overdenture leads to a significant improvement of function despite of the small dimensions of these implants. In particular for elder patients with severe residual ridge resorption, this treatment represents a less invasive alternative compared to conventional implant systems.

Aged ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Denture, Overlay ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; rehabilitation ; Magnetics ; instrumentation ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of implants supported magnet-retained overdenture.

METHODSFrom November 1999 to March 2005, 25 cases with edentulous jaws underwent implant-supported magnet-retained overdenture. Among them, 14 patients were male, 11 patients were female. The average age of the patients was 67.6 years. (Range 45 - 79 years). Ninety-five implants used included Komet (18), IMZ (11), Frialit-2 (12), Ankylos (10), Camlog (44). The fellow-up time was from 6 months to 70 months. Clinical examination and radiographs were conducted.

RESULTSNo infections, nerve or sinus damage or other sequelae occurred. The overdentures were stable and functioned effectively. From November 1999 to March 2005, One Komet abutment was fracture and 1 Frialit-2 implant was lost because of overloading during follow-up. The remaining implants achieved successful osseointegration. Patients were satisfied with the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSImplant-supported magnet-retained overdenture was a predictable and reliable method, especially for old patients with edentulous jaws.

Aged ; Dental Implantation ; methods ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Denture, Overlay ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; rehabilitation ; Magnetics ; instrumentation ; Male ; Middle Aged