Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Public Health

Objective To estimate the exposure level of PM2.5,CO and O_3 in the elders in a community in Beijing.Methods The concentrations of PM2.5,CO and O_3 in 10 main activity sites of the elders were measured and 24 h time-activity data of 30 elders was collected by recording of activity log paper,Nov.28,2007—Jan.17,2008.Results The 24 h average exposure concentrations of PM2.5,CO and O_3 for the elders were(146.54?6.60)?g/m~3,(2.67?0.18)mg/m~3 and(32.30?2.79)?g/m~3, respectively,there was no significant difference in the exposure level of PM2.5 and O_3 between male and female elders except CO (P

C8orf32 is a gene which has not been functionally characterized,the mRNA level of this gene is significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than that in normal breast tissues.The amplified cDNA fragment was inserted into the pGEX-6P1 vector fused with the upstream GST gene.The expression vector was transformed into the E.coli BL21(DE3) strain and expression of GST-C8orf32 fusion protein was induced by IPTG..After removal of GST tag by site-specific protease,the C8orf32 protein fused with an eight amino acid peptide tag was obtained.The purity of recombinant C8orf32 protein was about 95%.The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry.The polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing the New Zealand white rabbits with C8orf32 protein.The polyclonal antibody was proved to recognize the C8orf32 protein correctly.The purified C8orf32 protein can be used for structural and functional studies and the polyclonal antibody can be used for tissue specific protein expression profiling.

In the context of internationalization of education,the military graduate education concepts and models also come to change,and opportunities and challenges coexist.In this article,the challenges and problems of army medical college graduate education were mentioned and analyzed,and the exploration and attempt of graduate education in the process of international were summarized.

Objective To evaluate serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) before and after lung transplantation for diagnosing acute rejection. Methods Biotin-streptavidin time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (BSA-TRFIA) was used to detect the concentration of serum sICAM-1 before and after lung transplantation in 26 patients. All patients were divided into stable lung transplantation group (n =16), acute rejection group (n =4) and infected group (n =6). The serum level of sICAM-1 in those groups was compared with that of the control group ( n = 30 ) by the non-parametric rank sum test ( KruskalWallis H test). Results No significant difference was found for serum sICAM-1 among the three groups and the control group before operation: (357.07 ± 220.01 ), ( 396. 18 ± 136.25 ), (468.95 ± 85.48 ) μg/L vs(348.63 ±69. 12) μg/L, H=6. 0436, P ＞0.05. However, when rejection and infection happened after operation, the serum sICAM-1 increased in the acute rejection group (455.53 ± 126.51 μg/L) and decreased in the infection group (146.43 ± 327.11 μg/L), and the level in the stable transplantation group was (274.23 ± 157.53 ) μg/L (H = 21. 8994, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Serum sICAM-1 level might be a potential marker to differentiate acute rejection from infection after lung transplantation.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of patients receiving stereotacticcannula placement for hypertensive intracerebral hematoma drainage and the relationship between thedrainage cannula and the cerebral angioarchitecture. Methods Sixty-three patients with hypertensiveintracerebral hematoma underwent operations for stereotactic placement of a soft tube for hematomadrainage. CT angiography and CT venography were performed prior to cannula withdrawal after thepatients' condition was stabilized or complete hematoma drainage. The relationship between the drainagecarmula, cerebral angioarchitecture and the entry route of the cannula were observed. ResultsPostoperative CT angiography and CT venography showed that the entry route of the cannula allowedsafe passage of the cannula along the cerebral arteries and veins, and the position of the cannula wasaccurate in all the patients. Satisfactory hematoma drainage and good postoperative recovery wasachieved in all the patients, and no significant injuries to the adjacent cerebral arteries or veins occurredin these cases. Conclusion Stereotactic cannula placement with the minimally invasive technique forhemotoma drainage causes minimal injury and is safe, effective, cost-effective and convenient fortreatment of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma.

[Objective]We aimed to explore the pathogenic genes of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by bioinformatics analy?sis and provide a target for further research.[Methods]Gene data sets GSE53845, GSE24206, GSE10667 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the differential expression genes of normal tissue and IPF were screened with GEO 2R analysis tool. GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes were performed in DAVID database in or?der to find out the biological function and its focused signal pathway in differentially expressed genes during IPF development. In order to study the relationship between differential genes and proteins, STRING and CYTOSCAPE software were used to construct the pro?tein interaction network and MCODE software was used to extract the sub-network modules in the protein-interacting network.[Re?sults]This study found 110 differentially expressed genes, of which 92 were high expression in IPF and 18 were low expression. GO enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in IPF mainly affected the biological processes such as cell adhesion, bio-ad?hesion and collagen metabolism. The enriched molecular function was mainly involved in the composition of extracellular matrix struc?ture and the binding of calcium ions. The down-regulated proteins are mainly involved in the sensory regulation of the biological pro?cess in IPF. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in IPF were mainly involved in receptor interactions, cell ad?hesion and other signaling pathways.[Conclusions]This study uses bioinformatics to screen out the differential genes, some of which have been shown to be involved in IPF, and some genes have not been studied, suggesting that it may be a new research target for IPF pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo study the indoor environmental factors associated with the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children.

METHODSA cluster sampling method was used and the ISAAC questionnaire was conducted. A total of 4612 elementary students under Grade Five of 7 schools were enrolled in the survey for the impact of indoor environmental factors on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in several urban and suburban schools of Beijing.

RESULTSA total of 4060 sample were finally analyzed including 1992 urban and 2068 suburban. The prevalence of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in the past 12 months was 3.1% (61/1992), 5.3% (106/1992), 1.1% (22/1992) among urban children while 1.3% (27/2068), 3.1% (65/2068), 1.0% (22/2068) among suburban children respectively. The prevalence of wheeze and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis of the past 12 months in urban were both significantly higher than that in suburban (χ(2) = 14.77, 11.93, P < 0.01). The incidences of having asthma and eczema ever among urban children (5.3% (105/1992), 29.4% (586/1992)) were significantly (χ(2) = 39.03, 147.22, P < 0.01) higher than that among suburban (1.7% (35/2068), 13.8% (285/2068)). Although the distributions of indoor environmental factors were similar in both areas, passive smoking and interior decoration had different influence on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children in the two areas. The significant impact of passive smoking on having asthma ever among suburban children was observed (OR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.17 - 6.23) while no significant result in urban (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.71 - 1.58); the percentage of interior decoration was 84.0% (1673/1992) among urban children and 80.0% (1655/2068) among suburban children, there was significant impact of interior decoration on the prevalence of having eczema ever among urban children (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.17 - 2.10) but no significant results were found in suburban sample (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.76 - 1.48).

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children is much higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas and the indoor environmental factors such as passive smoking and interior decoration may differently explain the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in the two areas.

Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Students ; Suburban Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of sealer placement on apical sealability in root canal treatment.

METHODS100 extracted single root canal teeth were selected. All canals were prepared by manual Protaper instrument in a step-back way. The samples were divided into 5 groups randomly. A group: 30 samples, sealer placement by chief gutta percha; B group: 30 samples, sealer placement by K file; C group: 30 samples, sealer placement by spreader; D group: 5 samples, a positive control; E group: 5 samples, a negative control. There were 2 subsets in each experimental group which were obturated by lateral gutta percha with or without sealer. Glucose oxidase method was used to measure the apical leakage at the 1st 2nd, 4th, 7th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th day of the experiment.

RESULTSApical sealability varied with different sealer placement methods (F=4.832, P=0.001). Sealer placement by chief gutta percha (A group) had the best instant apical sealability. However, lateral gutta percha with or without sealer didn't affect the apical sealibility.

CONCLUSIONPlacing the same kind sealer in different ways can affect the apical sealability. There were no significant differences of the apical leakage no matter the lateral gutta percha with or without sealer. In order to get better instant apical sealability and simplify the clinic operation, placing the sealer with a chief gutta percha while the lateral gutta percha without sealer is recommended.

Dental Leakage ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Gutta-Percha ; Humans ; Root Canal Obturation ; Root Canal Preparation ; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

OBJECTIVETo establish a duplex nested PCR assay system which is capable for detecting O1 and O139 groups of Vibrio cholerae simultaneously, and is applicable to environmental specimens from routine cholera surveillance.

METHODSBased on nucleic acid sequences available in GenBank, six sets of primers were designed by PrimerSelect program of DNAStar, targeting the rfb gene that encodes the O antigens of O1 and O139 V. cholerae, respectively. The specificity of several primer combinations was tested. A duplex nested PCR assay system for simultaneously detecting O1 and O139 V. cholerae was established, subsequently, its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and field evaluation were tested. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated by comparing detection limits of nested PCR and conventional PCR. Its reproducibility was tested by 32 positive samples (11 samples positive for O1, 21 samples positive for O139) from environmental surveillance. In addition, the selected amplicons from positive samples were sequenced and analyzed with relevant sequences.

RESULTSThis newly-established duplex nested PCR assay might distinguish O1 V. cholerae from O139 V. cholerae, based on fragment lengths of amplicons, with reliable reproducibility, and no specific amplification was observed as compared with other vibrio species. The sensitivity of this nested PCR was (15 000) higher than conventional PCR, and there was no interference observed with multiple primers and complicated templates in the same vial. In its field evaluation, 32 positive DNA samples were detected and be further confirmed with double or triple tests, implying reliable reproducibility and consistency of this system. These results indicated that this assay had reliable reproducibility. No amplification was observed in all negative specimens and also suggested the acceptable specificity of this assay. Sequence analysis of the selected amplification products revealed 100% homogeneous with relevant genes from V.cholerae, indicating that these amplicons were originated from V. cholerae.

CONCLUSIONThis duplex nested PCR assay system should be rapid, sensitive and especially applicable to small laboratories, and be suitable for dynamic environmental surveillance.

DNA, Bacterial ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Vibrio cholerae O1 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Vibrio cholerae O139 ; genetics ; isolation & purification