Objective To explore the characteristics of TCM syndromes in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes based on latent structure model.Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study was used to collect the four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease by using the Four Diagnostic Collection Scales of TCM developed by our research group,and a clinical database was established.Combined with frequency analysis and expert opinions,the four diagnostic information was screened to construct a latent structure model.Results Totally 702 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes were collected.A total of 40 high-frequency four-diagnosis symptoms were screened,and 18 latent variables were obtained by latent structure model analysis.The model BIC score was-17 604.38.The latent variables in the model were comprehensively clustered,and it was found that the syndrome elements of disease location in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes were mainly heart,liver,kidney,etc.,and the syndrome elements of disease nature were mainly qi deficiency,yin deficiency,qi stagnation,phlegm turbidity,blood stasis,etc.The syndrome types were mainly phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome,liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome,liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome,damp-heat intrinsic syndrome,and the mutual information and information coverage between each syndrome type and the four diagnostic information were suggested.Conclusion Latent structure model analysis can provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for the syndrome classification of patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes.

Objective:To analyze TCM tongue diagnosis related research on coronary heart disease (CHD) at home and abroad using the method of bibliometrics; To provide reference for further research on clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD.Methods:Research literature about TCM tongue diagnosis for CHD was retrieved from CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to December 31st, 2022. The key features of literature related to tongue diagnosis from CHD, including publication volume, region, institution, authors, and research hotspots, were analyzed using BICOMBS2.0, CiteSpace 6.1.R6, and Excel 2019 software.Results:Totally 364 Chinese articles and 5 English articles were included. Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution that published the most relevant research in Chinese, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution that published the most relevant research in English. Professor Wang Yiqin of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the author with the largest number of publications in both Chinese and English, and the authors with the largest number of publications on Chinese research worked closely cooperate with each other. Chinese research focused on syndrome characteristics of CHD, objectification of tongue diagnosis and data mining based on the clinical experience of renowned TCM practitioners; the English research topic included modern data collection and analysis and expert consensus.Conclusions:The research team of tongue diagnosis for CHD in China has begun to take shape. There are few English articles on tongue diagnosis for CHD, and the development level is relatively lagging behind. In the future, different institutions and researchers need to strengthen international cooperation to enhance the international influence of TCM diagnostics.

Objective To clarify the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern and its associated risk factors after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and evaluate the re-porting quality of existing studies to guide future research standardization. Methods English databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,as well as Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Scientific Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were searched to retrieve papers about PCI.The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to October 1,2023.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12 and Python(V 3.9).The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)statement was used to assess the reporting quality of included studies. Results Overall,1 356 articles were selected,and 40 cross-sectional studies were included with 10 270 participants.The most common TCM patterns before,one to two weeks after,and six months to one year after PCI was Qi stagnation and blood stasis(n=261,36.45%),inter-twined phlegm and blood stasis(n=109,27.18%),and Qi deficiency and blood stasis(n=645,37.03%),respectively.Smoking[odds ratio(OR)=1.15,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.83-1.47),I2=24.7%,P=0.257],pattern of congealing cold and Qi stagnation[OR=4.62,95%CI(1.37-7.86),I2=61.6%,P=0.074],and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)[OR=1.38,95%CI(0.92-1.85),I2=12.2%,P=0.286]were risk factors for restenosis.Hypertension[OR=7.26,95%CI(3.54-14.88),I2=91.6%,P=0.001],and overweight[i.e.,body mass index(BMI)>23][OR=1.20,95%CI(1.07-1.35),I2=85.3%,P=0.009]were significant risk factors of concomi-tant anxiety. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that patients with different TCM pattern types have distinct characteristics and risk factors after PCI.More high-quality studies are warranted to provide supportive evidence for future research and clinical practice.