Objective Emergency response to public health emergencies constitutes a vital component of the modernization of national governance systems and capacities, directly impacting national security, social stability, and public health. This study aims to analyze the key issues and research hotspots in the field of emergency response to public health emergencies, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for formulating scientific and effective emergency strategies and policies. Ultimately, it seeks to enhance the nation’s capability to respond to public health emergencies and safeguard public health. Methods Using core journals indexed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database as the data source, 1094 journal articles in the field of emergency response to public health emergencies in China from 2003 to September 2024 were selected as the research sample. Citespace visualization software was employed to organize and analyze the research process in the field of emergency response to public health emergencies. Results The current research in this field predominantly involves small-scale cooperation, and the research process can be divided into four stages. The research in the emerging stage mainly focuses on the themes of emergency mechanism and emergency management, the development stage mainly centers on the themes of emergency capacity improvement and system exploration, the outbreak stage emphasizes the themes of COVID-19 and epidemic prevention and control, and the sustainable development stage highlights collaborative governance and informatization. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of research in this field. Currently, the field shows a continuous growth, with an increasing volume of publications. The focus of current research has shifted towards collaborative governance and the study of assessment tools, aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness in responding to public health emergencies. Moreover, the field is advancing toward more systematic and comprehensive research. However, there is still a need to strengthen scientific communication and collaboration.

Objective To investigate the current level of public awareness regarding nuclear emergency evacuation around a nuclear power plant, analyze the influencing factors, and propose suggestions and countermeasures based on the results. Methods In July 2024, according to the survey protocol and questionnaire developed by the National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a field-based centralized online questionnaire was administered. A total of 854 residents living near the nuclear power plant were included as survey participants. An analysis of variance was used to compare the impact of different factors on the public knowledge of nuclear radiation and awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation, while the chi-square test was employed to compare differences between groups. Results A total of 854 questionnaires were collected in this study. The survey revealed that the levels of public knowledge about nuclear radiation and awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation around the power plant were relatively low, with average objective awareness rates of 51% and 47%, respectively. In terms of age, the 30-45 years old group had the highest average score, while the group aged 60 and above had the lowest. Regarding education level, the group with primary school education or below had the lowest average score, whereas those with junior college or undergraduate education scored the highest. The internet (73.7%) was the primary source of emergency information for the public, followed by television (61.7%). The majority of the public (85.0%) expressed trust in the government during evacuation and were willing to follow governmental evacuation arrangements. The main reason for this willingness was the belief that the government could provide sufficient emergency supplies. Conclusion The surveyed population exhibited low levels of knowledge regarding nuclear radiation and awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation, with generally low awareness rates. Awareness levels were influenced by factors such as sex, age, educational background, and distance from the nuclear power plant. To enhance public awareness, it is necessary to strengthen science communication related to nuclear radiation and public protective actions in nuclear emergencies. Targeted dissemination strategies with high communication effectiveness, accessibility, and public acceptance should be adopted to gradually enhance public awareness of nuclear radiation and nuclear emergency protective actions.

Objective To analyze and explore the health response capability construction in the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies. Methods By evaluating China’s participation in an international nuclear emergency exercise organized by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Nuclear Energy Agency, and considering the relevant guidelines published by international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency, the sections that need to be strengthened in the health response during the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies were analyzed. The related issues such as health monitoring and medical follow-up were explored. Results The tasks in the long-term recovery phase mainly include monitoring the affected population and information management, medical follow-up, and psychological assistance. In response to potential nuclear or radiological emergencies, 22 nuclear emergency medical rescue bases have been established in China, with a geographical distribution that includes key regions. Relevant institutions have basic capabilities of health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies. However, the exercise shows that strategy and capacity construction in long-term recovery phase are weak points in health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies. China should further strengthen strategies in major public protection actions and information management of affected populations in nuclear or radiological emergencies. Conclusion It is recommended to develop standard operating procedures for major public protection actions, long-term health monitoring and evaluation of affected populations, medical follow-up, and psychological assistance in the future. A unified health registration system for affected populations in nuclear or radiological emergencies should be established to further enhance China’s health response capabilities during the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies.

Objective To analyze and explore the health response capability construction in the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies. Methods By evaluating China’s participation in an international nuclear emergency exercise organized by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Nuclear Energy Agency, and considering the relevant guidelines published by international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency, the sections that need to be strengthened in the health response during the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies were analyzed. The related issues such as health monitoring and medical follow-up were explored. Results The tasks in the long-term recovery phase mainly include monitoring the affected population and information management, medical follow-up, and psychological assistance. In response to potential nuclear or radiological emergencies, 22 nuclear emergency medical rescue bases have been established in China, with a geographical distribution that includes key regions. Relevant institutions have basic capabilities of health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies. However, the exercise shows that strategy and capacity construction in long-term recovery phase are weak points in health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies. China should further strengthen strategies in major public protection actions and information management of affected populations in nuclear or radiological emergencies. Conclusion It is recommended to develop standard operating procedures for major public protection actions, long-term health monitoring and evaluation of affected populations, medical follow-up, and psychological assistance in the future. A unified health registration system for affected populations in nuclear or radiological emergencies should be established to further enhance China’s health response capabilities during the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies.

After the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima nuclear accidents, numerous issues were exposed during the emergency evacuation process, such as insufficiently detailed emergency plans, lack of specific evacuation route schemes, inadequate preparation of emergency protective materials, and delays in emergency response decision-making. Additionally, these accidents revealed serious issues with the emergency evacuation of vulnerable populations. In particular, during the Fukushima nuclear accident, the lack of resource support led to deteriorating health and fatalities among hospital patients and elderly residents in nursing homes near the nuclear power plant during emergency evacuation. To learn from the experiences and lessons of public protection actions in emergency evacuations during major nuclear accidents, the government should enhance the guidance of nuclear emergency evacuation plans, increase the quality of emergency training and exercises, and improve their specificity and continuity, as well as establish an efficient nuclear emergency rescue response and decision-making mechanism. For vulnerable populations in nuclear emergency evacuations, the government should consider updating the nuclear emergency plans and disaster preparedness material reserves of medical facilities (such as designated treatment hospitals) and elderly facilities (such as nursing homes) within the emergency protection action areas of nuclear power plants in a timely manner. This will ensure that these institutions have the capacity to provide initial evacuation and necessary support for vulnerable populations in disaster situations.

Objective To observe the effects of Daizong Prescription on glycogen metabolism in adipose tissue of obese mice;To explore its regulatory mechanism in activating browning in the white adipose tissue.Methods A obesity model was established by feeding high-fat diet to C57BL/6J mice.The obese mice were divided into model group,metformin group(0.15 g/kg),and Daizong Prescription low-(0.20 g/kg)and high-dosage(0.40 g/kg)groups.Mice fed a standard diet were set as the normal group,with 12 mice in each group.Each medication group was given corresponding drugs by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks.Body mass and fasting blood glucose were monitored,serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)contents were measured.Brown adipose tissue from the interscapular region and white adipose tissue from the inguinal,perirenal and epididymal region were collected,the adipose tissue mass was measured,and the body fat coefficient was calculated.HE staining was performed to observe morphological changes in adipose tissue,PAS staining was used to observe glycogen distribution in adipose tissue,immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the expressions of Gys2,Ppp1r3c,and GSK-3β in inguinal white adipose tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the body mass and fasting blood glucose in different time points of the model group significant increase(P<0.05,P<0.01),and serum TC and HDL-C contents significantly increased(P<0.01);the mass and body fat coefficient of white adipose tissue in inguinal,perirenal,and epididymis significantly increased(P<0.01),the cells in white adipose tissue in inguinal were hypertrophic and appeared as large vacuoles,with less glycogen accumulation,the expressions of Gys2 and Ppp1r3c significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the mice in Daizong Prescription high-dosage group showed a significant decrease in body mass and fasting blood glucose at 4 and 6 weeks of administration(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of serum TG,TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C were significantly decreased(P<0.01);the mass and body fat coefficient in white adipose tissue of perirenal and epididymal significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the mass of inguinal white adipose tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),multiple irregularly shaped small vacuoles could be seen in inguinal white adipose tissue,accompanied by nuclear aggregation and increased glycogen accumulation,the expressions of Gys2 and Ppp1r3c significantly increased(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the expression of GSK-3β inguinal white adipose tissue of mice among the groups.Conclusion Daizong Prescription can increase the activity of Gys2 by upregulating the expression of Ppp1r3c,promote glycogen synthesis,induce browning of adipose tissue,increase fat heat production,and improve obesity and related disorders of glycolipid metabolism.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the impact of the three major nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima on the mental health status of emergency responders.Methods:MeSH and Entry Terms were searched. Relevant literature on the mental health consequences of the emergency responders to the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima nuclear accidents were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO databases, and screened and reviewed.Results:Totally 37 studies were included. General psychological distress, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and other abnormal psychological problems are prevalent among emergency responders following nuclear accidents. The psychological impact of the Chernobyl nuclear accident was most profound, causing serious mental disorders such as organic mental disorder and personality disorder among the clean-up workers. The mental health condition of emergency responders was associated with disaster-related emergency response tasks and the social factors brought in nuclear accidents.Conclusions:General psychological distress, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress reaction/disorder, severe mental disorder and other long-term abnormal psychological problems are common among first responders after nuclear accidents, and baseline mental health and psychological interventions require further study.

Objective:We conducted a meta-analysis of related studies to compare the prognostic effects of the Lobectomy and segmental resection procedures for stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer ≤2 cm.Methods:Relevant literatures were obtained from Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified to screen articles for further systematic review and meta-analysis. Data related to segmentectomy group and lobectomy group were directly extracted or indirectly calculated from the included studies.Results:The current meta-analysis included 30 studies involving 12 227 patients published from the establishment of the database to 2022. Compared with lobectomy, segmentectomy had a significant benefit on 3-year OS in patients with NSCLC whose preoperative CT image was ≤2 cm ( OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75 - 1.00, P=0.05), there was no significant difference in 5-year OS ( OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.76-1.09, P=0.30) 10-year OS ( OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.67-2.21, P=0.51) among these patients. In the study of progression-free survival, patients had 3-year PFS ( OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.67-1.13, P=0.30), 5-year PFS ( OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.69-1.10, P=0.26), had no significant difference in PFS. In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference between the 3-and 5-year LCSS. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that lobectomy is not superior to segmentectomy for stage ⅠA NSCLC ≤2cm in terms of both long-term survival and progression-free survival, and may be the recommended surgical option. However, further randomized controlled studies and longer period of retrospective analysis are still needed for 10-year long-term survival and solid component analysis.

Medical rescue bases for nuclear or radiological emergencies are mostly composed of institutions that have obtained the qualification of radiological health technical service (Class A) or the qualification of radiation-induced disease diagnosis. Institutions of radiological health have accumulated the technical capabilities of radiation monitoring, contamination detection, dose estimation, and health effects evaluation in their daily work, which can play an important role in the response to nuclear or radiological emergencies and realize the “combination of non-emergency and emergency use” in capacity building. It is suggested that institutions of radiological health at all levels should continue to take advantage of their strengths, improve their capabilities through participating in radiation monitoring projects, and actively participate in the assessment of assay capabilities of institutions of radiological health, so as to provide personnel and technical reserves for the health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.

Objective:To estimate the mental health status and personality traits of the nuclear radiation emergency rescuers, allowing to provide reference basis for improving their mental health.Methods:Totally 52 nuclear radiation emergency rescuers were selected as the subjects. The symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Cattell′s 16 personality factor scale (16PF) were used to assess their mental health status and personality traits. The results obtained from the survey of these rescuers were compared with those obtained using Students′ t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The average scores of multiple factors and positive items of the SCL-90 were significantly lower in the rescuers than in the norm ( t=-4.77 to -2.04, P<0.05), and the positive rate was 21.15%. The symptom checklist 90 subscales such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive and depression were found in the rescuers. Rescuers received high scores in the following components among the 16 factors of Cattell: less intelligent-more intelligent, emotionally stable. Rescuers also received low scores in the following components among the 16 factors of Cattell: tough-minded-tender-minded, trusting-suspicious. Life satisfaction, educational degree and Cattell′s 16 PF were significantly associated with the factors of SCL-90( r=-0.569 to 0.627, P<0.05). Conclusions:The rescuers are better than ordinary Chinese people in psychological health. Mental health-related factors such as literacy, life satisfaction, and personality traits should be taken into account when selecting team members and conducting psychological interventions.