Objective To investigate the way off-farm workers show bias on their own group ,rural residents and urban citizens .Method The participants were 78 off-farm workers from 18 to 25 years of age ;The scales and the modified affective priming paradigm were adopted to measure their explicit and implicit attitudes respectively on these groups through recording the participants' reaction on computer .Results (1)The order of three groups sorted by implicit scores in condition of group-relevant words as primes from high to low was urban citizens ,off-farm workers ,rural residents(0.169±0.217,-0.016±0.116,-1.209±1.686 respectively),but the order of explicit scores were reverse(0.7920±1.461,0.4469±1.514,07920±1.461 respectively),and both the difference between the implicit scores and the difference between explicit scores were very significant(between the implicit scores of group bias on off-farm workers and urban citizens:t=7.165,P＜0.01,and on rural residents:t=6.038,P＜0.01;between the explicit scores of group bias on off-farm workers and rural residents:t=9.666,P＜0.01,and on off-farm workers and urban citizens:t=7.828,P＜0.01).(2)The scale scores of group identify ,collective self-esteem and self-esteem were significantly related to the scale scores of group .bias on the off-farm workers and rural residents but not other scores(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.05 respectively).Conclusion Although off-farm workers evaluated their own group and rural residents more positively than urban citizens in the obviously way ,they accepted the superiority of urban citizens .implicitly ,and the explicit group-bias was relative to self-esteem ,collective self-esteem and group identify.

Objective: To explore a method to improve the flushing degree of the external auditory canal in children (≤6 years old). Methods: A total of 160 children with external auditory canal irrigation were divided into observation group and control group by stratified randomization grouping method and there was 80 cases in each group. The children in the observation group were treated with family and children in a face-to-face sitting posture for external auditory canal irrigation. The children in the control group were in a traditional sitting position, and the children were placed on the family′s legs for external ear canal irrigation. The two groups were combined with psychological care and then compared the two groups treatment effect and the satisfaction rate. Results: In the observation group, 81.25%(65/80) children completed the external auditory canal irrigation treatment in one time. In the control group, 48.75%(39/80) children completed the external auditory canal irrigation treatment in one time (χ² value was 11.218, P<0.01). The compliance rate of one-time external auditory canal irrigation was 97.5%(78/80) in the observation group and was 83.75%(67/80) in the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups (χ² value was 8.901, P<0.01). The satisfaction rate of children`s families was 98.75%(79/80) in the observation group and 90.00%(72/80) in the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups (χ² value was 5.769, P<0.05). Conclusions The use of face-to-face sitting posture for external auditory canal irrigation has the advantages of high fitness and good safety and improves the efficiency of flushing treatment.

Objective:To explore the MRI features of fetal coronal cleft vertebrae, and to compare the efficacy of MRI and ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal coronal cleft vertebrae, and to analyze the outcome of fetal coronal cleft vertebrae.Methods:From September 2019 to June 2021, 40 fetuses suspected of fetal vertebral deformities by ultrasound were retrospectively collected in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, who were diagnosed as coronal cleft vertebrae after MRI examination. Five cases of induced labor and 14 cases lost to follow-up were excluded, and 21 fetuses who underwent MRI after delivery were finally included. The gestational weeks were 25-34 (29.1±2.6) weeks, and there were 19 males and 2 females. Fetal spine MRI includes susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and T 2-true fast imaging with steady-state (True-FISP). The MRI features and outcome of fetal coronal cleft vertebrae were explored. The image quality scores of SWI, T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound were compared with Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The diagnostic accuracy of fetal coronal cleft vertebrae of SWI, T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound was calculated. Cochran test was used to compare the efficiency of 3 kinds of images, and the modified McNemar test was used for pairwise comparison between groups. Results:There were 10 cases of single and 11 cases of multiple fetal coronal cleft vertebrae, 16 cases of simple lumbar vertebrae, 2 cases of simple thoracic vertebrae, and 3 cases of thoracolumbar vertebrae. The common SWI features of 21 cases show longitudinal strip or dot high signal on the sagittal plane, and transverse fissure like high signal on axial plane. Anterior part of vertebral body was larger than posterior part in 19 cases of them. The image quality scores of SWI, T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound were 4 (3, 4), 2 (2, 2), 2 (2, 2), and the difference was statistically significant in general (χ2=34.24, P<0.001). Pairwise comparison showed that the image quality of SWI was better than those of T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound ( Z=-4.04, P<0.001; Z=-4.11, P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference between T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound ( Z=-0.58, P=0.388). The diagnostic accuracy of SWI, T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound was 100% (21/21), 66.7% (14/21), 47.6% (10/21). The diagnostic accuracy of SWI was better than those of T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound (χ2=5.14, P=0.008; χ2=9.09, P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference between T 2-True-FISP and ultrasound (χ2=0.75, P=0.194). MRI showed that coronal cleft vertebrae disappeared in all 21 fetuses after birth, including 1 case of syringomyelia and 1 case of fatty filum terminal. Conclusions:MRI, especially SWI, plays an important role in the diagnosis of fetal coronal cleft vertebrae. Fetal coronal cleft vertebrae disappeared in the follow-up after birth, which proved to be a normal physiological variation from the radiographic perspective.

Objective:To measure the morphological parameters of the fetal vertebral centrum ossification centers (COC) in the second-third trimester using MRI susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and to explore the growth and development trajectory of the vertebrae.Methods:Fetus in the second-third trimester with normal vertebrae development were prospectively and continuously included in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from December 2015 to December 2021, and the SWI scanning of fetal spine was performed. The following morphometric parameters of the C4, T6, L3, S1 vertebrae COC were measured, including sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, height, cross-sectional area and volume. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis was used to derive the best-fit curve for each parameters and gestational age.Results:A total of 112 fetuses were recruited with gestatonal age 21-39 (29.4±3.9) weeks, including 30 cases of C4, 58 cases of T6, 92 cases of L3, 62 cases of S1. Fetal spine in utero with global curvature was kyphosis, presenting two primary curves (thoracic and sacral kyphosis). The morphological parameters sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, height, cross-sectional area and volume of C4 followed the quadratic polynomial rule during 25 to 38 weeks (R 2=0.938, 0.943, 0.952, 0.957, 0.982). During 21 to 38 weeks, the sagittal diameter, transverse diameter and height of the T6 followed the exponential growth pattern (R 2=0.915, 0.923, 0.849) and the growth of the area and volume followed the quadratic polynomial growth pattern (R 2=0.943, 0.961). The L3 followed the quadratic polynomial rule during 21 to 39 weeks (R 2=0.910, 0.916, 0.914, 0.942, 0.948) The sagittal diameter, transverse diameter and height of the S1 followed the linear growth pattern (R 2=0.905, 0.911, 0.922) and the area and volume followed the quadratic polynomial growth pattern (R 2=0.930, 0.964) during 23 to 39 weeks. Conclusions:The growth and development of C4, T6, L3 and S1 COC of fetus in the second-third trimester has a good correlation with gestational age. The growth of fetal vertebral COC in the early stage is slow, but with the growth of gestational age, the growth rate of vertebral bodies accelerates.