Objective To determine the contents of elements Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg and Cr in Gentiana macrophlla and Gentiana officinalis. Methods The contents of elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The recovery rates obtained by standard addition method were between 88.1%～114.5%, and the RSDs were lower than 3.18%. Gentiana macrophlla is rich in the trace elements such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Ca, Mg, and Gentiana officinalis is rich in the trace elements such as Mn, Zn, Cr. Conclusion There are some difference between wild and planted Gentiana officinalis in element content, that may be related to their growing environment.

Objective To investigate the changes and relationships between the serum endogenously produced interleukin-10(IL-10),nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Forty-two rats were randomly divided into two groups: myocardial ischemia and reperfusion group(the control group) and methylprednisolone treatment group.The rats in the control group and methylprednisolone treatment group received intravenous injection of placebo and methylprednisolone before ischemia respectively.The plasma IL-10,NOS and iNOS were detected at 0.5 h after ischaemia and 0.5h,2 h after reperfusion,respectively.Result The plasma IL-10,NOS and iNOS gradually increased at 0.5 h after ischaemia and 0.5h,2 h after reperfusion in the two groups.The levels of plasma IL-10 were significantly higher in the methylprednisolone treatment group in different time points than those in the control(all P

Based on the theory of topological structure within the syndrome of tradition Chinese medicine (TCM), the high order multiple dimensions and nonlinear structure of syndrome can be cracked. And the panorama of complex and changeable syndrome can be showed. The dynamic evolving law of sub-sets of syndromes and the changing rule of the main signs and symptoms with the secondary signs and symptoms can be interpreted. Therefore, the evolving law of sub-sets of syndromes and the accurate corresponding law of prescriptions and medicines can be realized. And the scientific connotation of dynamic evolving rule of syndrome can be revealed. Studying on the occurrence regularity of syndrome, the structure characterization of TCM syndrome can be carried out. And the mathematical structure-physical structure-biological structure can be revealed. Along with the mass new specific forms of syn-dromes to be cracked, the simulation data platform of therapeutic methods with prescriptions and medicines of syn-dromes can be built through the simulation technology of computer. Using the clinical data, through the literature of carding and contrast, the scientific connotation of judgment and diagnostic standard of syndromes can be interpreted. The distracting law of syndromes of diseases can also be revealed through the clinical data of syndrome-groups. And the theoretical basis for the formulation of judgments and diagnostic standard of syndromes of diseases which con-forming to the dynamic evolving law of syndromes can be provided. Evaluation on TCM efficacy can be carried, in order to make clear the curative effect evaluation index system of TCM syndrome in multiple dimensions and multi-ple levels for the promotion of the substantially improvement of syndrome differentiation level.

Objective To adapt the upper extremity functional index (UEFI) to Chinese and assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version.Methods The index items were translated into Chinese,back translated into English,and revised by experts in rehabilitation.Twenty-five patients with upper extremity trauma were then recruited to complete two UEFI questionnaires on two occasions 1 week apart as a field test.They also completed a disability of arm,shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire on the first occasion.Results Some adjustments were made to the translations based on cultural and linguistic practices.Cronbach's alpha for the final version was 0.93 and the total inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.97.The ICCs of the individual items ranged from 0.56 to 0.94.The Pearson correlation coefficient between the UEFI and DASH questionnaires was-0.86.Conclusions The Chinese version of the UEFI scale is reliable and valid.It can be used for study and in the clinical evaluation of upper extremity function.

Theoretical studies of detection system of human body functions reflecting characteristics of Chinese medicine show that the three indicators of intake of the body from outside and the digestion and absorption of supply perunit time to ensure maximum quality,the energy consumed to maintain the five internal organs function perunit time and the dissipation of body storage perunit time will be able to fully reflect the changes in physiological and pathological status.Based on this theory,data obtained from the new understanding of the classification of the clinical symptoms in the characteristics of life as well as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptoms,TCM symptoms unit and clinical symptoms attribute to TCM symptom information instrument detection.The human body function tests will be an extension of the TCM diagnostic methods,which will supplement the content of clinical symptoms and is expected to become a TCM therapeutic evaluation of quantitative detection methods.

Objective To research the influence of tangerine peel and pinellia ternata on the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in carotid atherosclerosis rabbits, and explore its mechanism. Methods Totally 25 male rabbits were divided into control group, model group and Chinese medicine group. Control group was treated with basic diet, model group and Chinese medicine group were treated with both high-fat diet and carotid artery intima-air drying technique. Chinese medicine decoction group was treated with tangerine peel and pinellia ternata decoction, as 10, 8, 6 mL/kg, for 4 weeks. Then the right carotid was cut and fixed, and pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The expressions of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 were observed by immunol histochemistry SABC method. Results Compared with control group, the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). And compared with model group, tangerine peel and pinellia ternata decoction significantly restrained VCAM-1 and MMP-9 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Tangerine peel and pinellia ternata could restrained VCAM-1 and MMP-9 expression in carotid atherosclerosis rabbits, suggesting that its mechanism may be related with inhibiting vascular inflammatory reaction and stabilizing plaques.

BACKGROUND: There have been reports at home and abroad about effects of estrogen upon the dopamine amount in substantia nigra in the midbrains while the neuroprotective effects of estrogen are still being studied.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of estrogen on dopaminergic neurons and explore the feasibility of preventing and treating Parkinson disease with estrogen.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: General neurosurgery institute in a hospital of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The trial was conducted in the General Neurosurgery Institute of Xijing Hospital,the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from October 2003 to February 2004 with 50 healthy,first-grade Wistar rats as subjects. INTERVENTIONS: The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10in each group. Group 1 was normal control,group 2 sham-operation group,and groups 3,4,5 were ovariectomy groups. In group 3,10 μg of estradiol was administered twice a day ineach rat after ovariectomy. Each rat in group 4 was administered with estrogen antagonist,5 μg tamoxifen twice a day as well as estrogen. In group 5,only ovariectomy was performed. After stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamin into substantia nigra in the midbrains,the TH positive neurons were labeled and counted with immunohistochemic method and the rat's behavior was observed.MIAN OUTCOME MEASURES:①the circles of rat's rotation provoked by apomorphine.②the TH positive neuron count in the middrains of rat's substantia nigra 30 days after ovariectomy.RESULTS: Baseline characteristics among the groups were no difference ( P ＞ 0.05). The result of group 3 was different from that of group 5 ( P＜ 0.05 ). The result of group 4 was also different from that of group 3 and group 5 (P ＜ 0.05) . The TH positive neuron count in the midbrains ingroup 3 also differed from that in other groups( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Estrogen acts as a neuroprotectant of the nigral dopaminergic neurons in the midbrains not only through estrogen receptor-dependent pathways but probably also through others.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Naokang Ⅱ in patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 100 consecutive patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction diagnosed at the Neurology Clinic,Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from October 2012 to February 2014 were enrolled prospectively.Six of them did not complete a return visit because of not returning to the hospital in time,2 withdrew automatically,and finally,92 patients were enrolled in the study.According to the random number table method,they were divided into either an observation group (n=48) or a control group (n=44).The control group was treated with aniracetam,while the observation group was treated with aniracetam plus Naokang Ⅱ (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Radix Notoginseng,Acorus Calamus L.and Radix Polygalae) for 12 weeks.The differences of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral before and after treatment in both groups were compared.The effective rate and cognitive function improvement rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes before and after treatment in both groups were compared.Results The scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral before and after treatment in patients of the observation group were 28±5 and 15±4,respectively,those of the control group before and after treatment were 26±5 and 18±5,respectively.There were significant differences before and after treatment (the t values were 15.02 and 14.73,respectively,all P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment(t=-3.08,P>0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group (75.0% [36/48]) was higher than that in the control group (45.5% [20/44]).There was significant difference between two groups (χ2=7.023,P=0.008).The improvement rates of memory,orientation,judgment,and problem solving skills in the observation group (29.2% [14/48],27.1% [13/48],and 31.2% [15/48]) were higher than those in the control group (11.4% [5/44],9.1% [4/44],and 13.6% [6/44]).There were significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05).No adverse reactions were observed in the two groups during the observation period.Conclusion Naokang Ⅱ combined with aniracetam for patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction had a synergistic effect.

Objective To summarize theskill practice as the coremethods and training effect in tumor specialist nurse training , and to explore the suitable effective methods and pattern of China′s national conditions of specialist nurse training in China, for providing a reference for conducting cancer specialist nurse training. Methods Reviewed and analyzed tumor specialist nurse training method to make clear the training effect from 2012 to 2013, 100 students was investigated by using questionnaires , which contain 15 aspects, before and after the training respectively. designskill practice as the coreof the training content (160 hours) and theoretical classes (80 hours), established training evaluation criteria and the organization management system. Results All 100 students had grasped maintenance technology, observation of the complications of treatment, infusion port of the maintenance, the use of chemotherapy drugs, health education for patients with PICC catheter, and the use of effective order, the grasp rate was 100%. Complications rate was decreased significantly after using PICC catheter, (the rate of catheter related blood stream infections and the rate of thrombosis was reduced from the top 35%and 12%before training to 4%and 1%after training respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions In order to train more practical clinical nurse specialists, reduce the complications, raise the overall level of nursing profession, and improve the quality of nursing after using PICC catheter. Skill practice as the core methods in tumor specialist nurse training should be advocated.

Objective To study the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) containing fibrin glue(FG) on re-endotheliazation, cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in a canine model of carotid artery endothelium injury. MethodsThe effect of FG/VEGF/heparin versus FG alone treatment was evaluated at the time point of 10, 30, and 90 days by measuring the intima/media (I/M) ratio and cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation using immunohistochemistry. EC coverage was determined by SEM. ResultsCompared with normal saline control, FG/VEGF/heparin treatment significantly increased EC coverage at day 10 and at day 30 (P