Objective To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine which eliminating necrotic tissues and promoting granulation on pressure ulcer of Ⅲ to Ⅳstage using Meta analysis.Methods RCTstudies of therapy of eliminating necrotic tissues and promoting granulation traditional Chinese medicine for stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ pressure ulcer were searched,in which the control groups used routine methods,while the experimental groups adopted necrotic tissues and promoting granulation traditional Chinese medicine.Two reviewers assessed the documents'quality separately and completed data extraction.The statistical analysis was performed using the Cochrance collaborations' Rev Man 5.1 software.Results The cure rates for pressure ulcers of the experimental groups were higher than the control groups.The time of recovery of the experimental groups were shorter than the controls.The dressing change frequency of the experimental groups was less than the controls.Conclusions Traditional Chinese medicines which eliminating necrotic tissues and promoting granulation can significantly improve the cure rate,shorten the therapeutic time and reduce the frequency of dressing change.

Objective To develop a kind of new machine for making animal model for pressure ulcer,and inspect its effect through experiments,in order to lay the foundation for the research of pressure ulcer experiments on animals.Methods This study developed the machine after reviewing the domestic and foreign literature,making full use of the existing experimental platform of our university.Then 55 Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were selected,after anesthesia and the skin preparation,the researchers imposed certain pressure with 70 mmHg/cm2 (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) on the skin and muscle tissue on the inner left thigh of SD rats by using self-designed machine,pressing for 2 h,then reperfusion for 30 min,3 times a day,a total of 7 days.Results The authors developed a kind of new machine for making animal model for pressure ulcer,and successfully prepared Ⅲ phase pressure ulcers model in SD rats with success rate of 98.2％(54/55).Conclusion This machine can prepare Ⅲ phase pressure ulcers model on animals,it's easy to use and efficient,it can be used for researches in the field of prevention and cure of pressure ulcers.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the flowers of Impatiens balsamina L.. Methods: The compounds were isolated by chromatography and solvant extration and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. Results: Four compounds were isolated and identified as stigmasterol(1), kaempferol(2), Kaempferol 3 glucoside(3) and Kaempferol 3 glucosyl rhamnoside(4). Conclusions: All the compounds were isolated from the flowers which were cultured for the first time in China.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum homocysteine(Hcy) level and heart rate variability in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods Retrospective analysis of 162 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome aged 60 and above was conducted in our hospital from January 2013 to August 2016.And the level of serum homocysteine and other biochemical indicators were measured.The 162 cases were divided into three groups of 42 cases in Hcy normal group(Hcy,5-15 μmol/L),70 cases in Hcy mildly high group(Hcy,16-30 μmol/L),50 cases in Hcy moderately high group (Hcy,31 ～ 100 μmol/L).Simultaneously 24-hour rhythm in ambulatory heart rate variability spectrum was used to detect HRV.And the relationship between heart rate variability(HRV) and Hcy levels were analyzed.Results Normal RR interval standand deviation (SDNN),5 min mean heart rate standard deviation (SDANN),Edinburg index (PNN50),root mean square value of adjacent RR interval difference(RMMSD)were all lower in Hcy mildly high group and Hcy moderately high group than in the Hcy normal group (P＜0.05).Low-frequency(LF) and highfrequency(HF)were lower in Hcy mildly high group and Hcy moderately high group than in the Hcy normal group(P ＜ 0.05).Sympathetic-vagal balance indicators (LF/HF) were higher in Hcy mildly high group and Hcy moderately high group than in the Hcy normal group (P＜ 0.05).The HRV indexes were lower in Hcy high groups than in the Hcy normal group.Hcy was negatively correlated with SDANN,RMSSD,LF,HF,and LF/HF at night(r=-0.578、-0.651、-0.531、-0.662、-0.729,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The elevated homocysteine level and metabolic syndromecombined with decreased HRV in the elderly patients suggest that cardiac autonomic nervous system might be injuried.Enhancing the detection of HRV and homocysteine level in elderly patients with MS is clinically useful for early detection of autonomic neuropathy.

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of heat moisture exchangers (HMEs) on the artificial airway humid-ification in the mechanically ventilated patients .Methods The related literature in the Cochrane Library ,PubMed ,Embase ,CNKI , VIP ,WanFang database and CBM from the establishment to March 2012 were retrieved ,then included the randomized controlled trial(RCT) and quasi-RCT on the effect of HMEs for the artificial airway humidification in the mechanically ventilated patients were performed the meta analysis by using RevMan 5 .1 .2 software .Results 19 RCT were included(involving 2 960 patients) , which were the random parallel controlled trials .The meta analysis results showed that HMEs could not reduce the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)(RR=0 .78 ,95% CI 0 .61-1 .01 ,P=0 .06) ,also could not decrease the hospitalization mor-tality(RR=0 .94 ,95% CI 0 .83-1 .08 ,P=0 .40) ,the length of ICU stay(MD= -0 .32 ,95% CI -3 .13 -2 .50 ,P=0 .82) and the occurrence rate of catheter occlusion (RR=0 .65 ,95% CI 0 .22 -1 .93 ,P= 0 .44) ,the differences between the two groups had no statistical significance .But 5 RCT reported that using HMEs could reduce the patient′s costs .Conclusion HMEs can not reduce the incidence rate of VAP ,mortality ,length of ICU stay ,occurrence rate of airway occlusion ,but can cut down the patient′s cost . Due to the risk of bias existing in all included RCT and the low quality of the obtained evidences ,more strictly designed and imple-mented RCTs are needed to further verify thse evidences .

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stable, optimally treated chronic congestive heart failure and the effect of short-term oral theophylline therapy on periodic breathing in these patients.

METHODSPatients with stable, optimally treated chronic congestive heart failure were monitored by polysomnography during nocturnal sleep. The effects of theophylline therapy on periodic breathing associated with stable heart failure were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSPatients were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 21) consisted of individuals with 15 episodes of apnea and hypopnea [as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)] per hour or less; Group II (n = 15, 41.7%) individuals had an index of more than 15 episodes per hour. In group II, the AHI varied from 16.8 to 78.8 (42.6 +/- 15.5) in which the obstructive AHI was 11.1 +/- 8.4 and the central AHI was 31.5 +/- 9.6. Group II had significantly more arousals (36.8 +/- 21.3 compared with 19.4 +/- 11.2 in group I) that were directly attributable to episodes of apnea and hypopnea, lower arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (76.7% +/- 4.6% compared with 86.5% +/- 2.8%) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (24.2% +/- 8.8% compared with 31.5% +/- 10.6%). Thirteen patients with compensated heart failure and periodic breathing received theophylline orally (at an average dose of 4.3 mg/kg) for five to seven days. After treatment, the mean plasma theophylline concentration was (11.3 +/- 2.5) micro g/ml. Theophylline therapy resulted in significant decreases in the number of AHI (20.8 +/- 13.2 vs. 42.6 +/- 15.5; P < 0.001) and the number of episodes of central apnea-hypopnea per hour (10.1 +/- 7.6 vs. 31.5 +/- 9.6; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of total sleep time during which arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO(2)) was less than 90 percent (8.8% +/- 8.6% vs. 23.4% +/- 24.1%; P < 0.05) and the arousals per hour (18.7 +/- 21.2 vs. 36.8 +/- 21.3; P < 0.05) were also lower. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of sleep or obstructive AHI before and after theophylline treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (mainly periodic respiration or cheyne-stokes respiration with central sleep apnea) is high in patients with stable chronic congestive heart failure. The sleep-disordered breathing episodes are associated with severe nocturnal arterial blood oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive arousals. In these patients, oral theophylline therapy may reduce the number of episodes of central apnea and hypopnea and the duration of arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation during nocturnal sleep.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Failure ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Theophylline ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy) level and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 76 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to December 2016,and the patients were monitored by 24 hours electrocardiogram within three months.According to age and Hcy level,the patients were divided into three groups:normal Hcy low age group (5-15μmol/L,60-80 years old),high Hcy low age group (＞ 15μmol/L,60-80 years old),high Hcy high age group (＞15μmol/L,≥80 years old).The correlation between Hcy and HRV was analyzed.Results The standard deviation of the normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN),the mean standard deviation of 5-minute RR intervals means (SDANN),the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD),adjacent RR intervals greater than 50 ms (PNN50) in the high Hcy low age group were (108.75 ±34.18)ms,(97.63 ±31.34) ms,(22.04 ±6.97) ms,(3.78 ± 4.07) ％,respectively,which in the high Hcy high age group were (81.43 ± 27.68) ms,(71.46 ±25.45) ms,(23.82 ± 7.59) ms,(3.95 ± 3.56) ％,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the normal Hey low agc group[(127.21 ± 22.21) ms,(114.75 ± 23.55) ms,(29.17 ± 9.71) ms,(7.68 ± 6.17) ％](t =2.219,2.140,2.920,2.585,t =6.502,6.328,2.227,2.722,all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of SDNN and SDANN in the high Hcy low age group were lower than those in the high Hcy low age group (t =3.185,3.322,all P ＜ 0.05).The low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) values in the high Hcy low age group were (11.86 ± 5.39) ms,(8.47 ± 3.25) ms,respectively,which in the high Hcy high age group were (9.29 ± 4.98) ms,(71.46 ± 25.45) ms,respectively,which were lower than those in the normal Hcy low age group[(15.15 ±4.56) ms,(11.36 ±4.36) ms] (t =2.281,2.612,t =4.392,2.900,all P ＜ 0.05).The LF/HF value of high Hcy high age group (1.09 ± 0.3) was lower than (1.42 ± 0.36) in normal Hcy low age group and (1.41 ± 0.40) in the high Hcy low age group (t =3.569,3.339,all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,nocturnal HF and nocturnal LF/HF were correlated with hyperhomocysteinemia (r =-0.037,-0.132,-0.087,-0.468,-3.746,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hyperhomocysteinemia with acute cerebral infarction in elderly patients is more likely to have cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction.And clinically we should strengthen HRV detection of elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and hyperhomocysteinemia.

Objective: To analyze the influence of malnutrition in the elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome on related factors and short-term prognosis. Methods: 415 elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome were selected.Comprehensive geriatric assessment was used to investigate the risk of acute coronary syndrome by examining coexisting diseases and using the NRS2000 score.The mortality and emergency visits were followed up. Results: The patients were divided into two groups according to NRS2000 score: malnutrition group (n=179) and non-malnutrition group (n=236). (1) In malnutrition group, the proportions of female, over 85 years old, more than 3 kinds of coexisting diseases were 47.5%(85/179), 11.7%(21/179), 62.6%(112/179), respectively, which were higher than those of the non-malnutrition group[36.9%(87/236), 4.7%(11/236), 41.9%(99/236)](χ²=4.732, 7.152, 17.318, all P<0.05). (2) In malnutrition group, the incidence rates of geriatric syndromes such as uracratia, falls, visual disorder, hearing disorder, constipation, sleep disorders, oral problems were 47.5%(85/179), 30.2%(54/179), 40.2%(72/179), 41.9%(75/179), 54.7%(98/179), 52.0%(93/179), 76.5%(137/179), respectively, which were higher than those of the non-malnutrition group[31.4%(74/236), 14%(33/236), 29.2% (69/236), 29.7% (70/236), 30.5%(72/236), 36.0%(85/236), 53.0%(125/236)](χ²=11.206, 16.092, 5.477, 6.707, 24.732, 10.577, 24.297, all P<0.05). (3) In malnutrition group, the incidence rates of coexisting chronic diseases such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, anemia, osteoporosis were 77.1%(138/179), 16.2% (29/179), 22.9%(41/179), 17.9%(32/179), 46.9%(84/179), 6.7%(12/179), 27.4%(49/179), 26.8%(48/179), respectively, which were higher than those of the non-malnutrition group[61.9%(146/236), 7.6%(18/236), 14.4%(34/236), 7.2%(17/236), 32.2%(76/236), 1.3%(3/236), 13.1%(31/236), 17.4%(41/236)](χ²=10.931, 7.451, 4.965, 11.137, 9.315, 8.624, 13.262, 5.388, all P<0.05). (4)Cox regression analysis showed that malnutrition risk score was the independent risk predictor for all-cause mortality (HR=0.034, 95% CI: 0.072-0.904) and emergency department visits (HR=0.328, 95% CI: 0.197-0.548) in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome. Conclusion Comprehensive geriatric assessment and nutritional assessment are useful to evaluate the clinical features of acute coronary syndrome in elderly patients.Malnutrition risk score is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and emergency treatment in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.