BACKGROUNDTo explore the perioperative changes of T subsets and NK cell and analyze the related factors in patients with lung cancer.

METHODSThe T subsets and NK cell from peripheral blood of 60 patients with lung cancer, 15 patients with lung benign tumor and 15 healthy people were detected by immunofluorescence. These indexes of the patients with lung cancer were detected also at postoperative 2nd, 7th, 14th and 28th days.

RESULTS1.There were significant differences in the indexes between the lung cancer group and the groups of lung benign tumor and normal people except for CD8+ (P < 0.05). 2.At postoperative 2nd day CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK cell of the patients with lung cancer were decreased and CD8+ was increased significantly than those before operation (P < 0.05). During postoperative 1 to 2 weeks, all indexes had recovered basically to the preoperative level. At postoperative 28th day, CD3+, CD4+ , CD4+/CD8+ and NK cell were increased and CD8+ was decreased than those before operation (P < 0.05). 3. There was significant difference in the indexes among preoperative stage IIIA, IIIB and IB, and between preoperative N2 diseases and N0 group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference between the groups of radical and palliative operation and the group of thoracic exploration at postoperative 28th day (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in T subsets between the groups of blood transfusion and non-transfusion at postoperative 14th day (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe cellular immune function of the patients with lung cancer was lower than that of the patients with lung benign tumor and normal people. The perioperative immunity of patients with lung cancer decreases after operation and increases later. TNM stage and lymph node metastasis are relative to preoperative but not postoperative immunity. There is no significant correlation between cellular immune function and pathological type of the tumor. Radical and palliative operations can both significantly increase the patients' cellular immune function. Therefore the palliative operation is better than thoracic exploration. Blood transfusion can depress the immune function of the patients, so it is better to avoid perioperative blood transfusion.

OBJECTIVE：To improve the quality standard of Taraxaci Herba ，and to evaluate the quality of T. officinale from different origins. METHODS ：Based on the provisions of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅰ）under the item “Taraxaci Herba ”，the method of content determination was added for the detection of water-soluble extracts （hot extraction method）and alcohol-soluble extracts （hot extraction method ），total flavonoids ，chlorogenic acid ，caffeic acid ，cichoric acid and isochlorogenic acid A. HPLC fingerprint was established by using 42 batches of T. officinale from 8 producing areas as object ，and principal component analysis was performed on the basis of above results. RESULTS ：The contents of alcohol-soluble extracts in 42 batches of T. officinale were 15.30％-30.40％，and those of water-soluble extracts were 27.59％-38.96％. The concentration of total flavonoids（UV spectrophotometry ），chlorogenic acid ，caffeic acid ，cichoric acid and isochlorogenic acid A （HPLC method ）were 0.016-0.096，0.003-0.196，0.004-0.117，0.025-1.578，0.002-0.152 mg/mL，respectively （all R2＞0.999）；RSDs of precision ， stability and repeatability tests were all lower than 2.00％（n＝6）；average sample recovery were 98.97％-103.53％，and RSDs were 1.19％-1.58％. The contents of total flavonoids ，chlorogenic acid ，caffeic acid ，cichoric acid and isochlorogenic acid A were 0.734％ -3.700％ ，0.004％ -0.123％ ，0.006％ - 0.087％ ，0.073％ -1.499％ ，0.005％ -0.109％ respectively in 42 batches of T. officinale. For 42 batches of T. officinale samples in HPLC fingerprint ，RSDs of the relative retention time of the common peak were 0-0.94％，and RSDs of the relative peak area were 0-125.57％. Among them ，the similarity of 39 batches of samples was all higher than 0.900. Results of principal component analysis showed that the quality of T. officinale from Shaanxi province was better，followed by medicinal materials from Hebei province. CONCLUSIONS ：Tentatively，the contents of alcohol-soluble extract，water-soluble extract ，total flavonoids ，chlorogenic acid ，caffeic acid ，cichoric acid and isochlorogenic acid A shall not be less than 17.0％，27.0％，1.383％，0.024％，0.021％，0.450％，0.021％ for Taraxaci Herba. In addition to the low content of caffeic acid in T. officinale from Shaanxi province ，the other indexes were better ；the content of caffeic acid in T. officinale from Hebei province was higher than that from Shaanxi province ，and other indicators were slightly lower than that from Shaanxi province. The quality of comprehensive evaluation of T. officinale from other origins was relatively poor ，and the quality of different batches of medicinal materials from the same origin was unstable.