Objective To describe the prevalent characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) of urban and rural residents in Licheng district of Jinan and etiological association between MS and chronic diseases. Methods Data were selected from the burden survey of residents’diseases in Licheng district of Jinan in 2005,which had the completed information on plasma glucose,lipid profile,and blood pressure. Totally 2 136 subjects (892 men,1 244 women) were analyzed with IDF(2005) criteria of MS. A case control study was conducted,in which both cases and controls were chosen from identical investigated population. Results The prevalence of MS was 15.11% among residents older than 15 years old in Lichen district of Jinan,and the adjusted prevalence of MS was 10.83%; when the age ranged from 15 to 44,the prevalence of MS was higher in male; when the age was older than 45,the prevalence of MS was higher in female; the prevalence of MS increased with age (?2=64.21,P

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cels have the potential to differentiate into neurons and glial cels to replace the injured brain cels, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing nerve injury.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the neuronal differentiation ability of cel subsets with stem cel characteristics in the adult rat meningeal tissues.
METHODS:Under anesthesia, the meningeal tissues were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats to make cel suspension folowed by inoculation and subculture. Then, the Nestin immunofluorescence staining was performed. The third generation cels were culturedin vitro with complete culture medium containing trichostatin A. After 7 days of induction, western blot assay was used to detect the expression of NF-200 and BM88 proteins in neural cels.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 24 hours of culture, some spherical cels were suspended and some cels adherent. In addition, some spherical cels scattered gradualy formed the clone spheres, and the growth rate decreased with the increasing volume. The positive expression of Nestin was detected by immunocytochemistry staining, and the cel nucleus was stained blue by Hoechst staining. BM88 and NF-200 proteins were al expressed at 7 days of neural induction. These findings indicate that the cel subsets with stem cel characteristics in the adult rat meningeal tissues can differentiate into neurons after in vitro induction.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of aerosol inhalation of ambroxol combined with gentamicin on postopera-tive related indexes of esophageal cancer patients. METHODS:60 patients underwent esophageal cancer operation were retrospec-tive analyzed and divided into control group(30 cases)and observation group(30 cases)according to drug use. Three days before surgery,control group was given 5% Glucose injection 250 mL intravenously,twice a day;observation group was given Ambrox-ol hydrochloride injection 50 mL added into 5% Glucose injection 250 mL intravenously,twice a day. After operation,both groups were given anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Control group was additionally given aerosol inhalation of Gentamicin sulfate in-jection 80000 units added into 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 20 mL,4 times a day. Observation group was additionally given aerosol inhalation of Ambroxol hydrochloride injection 10 mL added into 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 20 mL,4 times a day, on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 5 days. The occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications were compared between 2 groups. The levels of CRP,TNF-α,PaO2,SaO2,oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2),the occurrence of ADR were observed before and after operation. RESULTS:The total incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in observation group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before operation,there was no statistical significance in the levels of CRP,TNF-α,PaO2,SaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 between 2 groups(P>0.05). After operation,the levels of CRP and TNF-α in 2 groups were significantly lower than before operation;the observation group was significantly lower than the control group. PaO2,SaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 of 2 groups were sig-nificantly higher than before operation;the observation group was significantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2groups during medication. CONCLUSIONS:The aerosol inhalation of ambroxol combined with gentamicin can reduce postopera-tive inflammatory factors of esophageal cancer patients,and promotes the recovery of respiratory function without increasing the in-cidence of ADR.

Objective To observe the surgical effects of scleral buckling and vitrectomy for familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).Methods 34 eyes of 27 patients with FEVR who underwent either scleral buckling or vitrectomy were enrolled in this study.There are stage 2B in 2 eyes (5.88％),stage 3B in 7 eyes (20.59％),stage4Ain 1 eye (2.94％),stage4Bin 16 eyes (47.06％),stage 5 in8 eyes (23.53％).5 eyes associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.The surgical approaches had been chosen according to the disease stage,severity,extent and morphology of the proliferative membrane.13 eyes (stage 2B in 2 eyes,3B in 4 eyes,and 4 in 7 eyes) underwent scleral buckling and 21 eyes (stage 3B in 3 eyes,4 in 10eyes,and 5 in 8 eyes) underwent vitreoretinal surgery.The main outcome measurement was the anatomic status of the macula,which was recorded as attached,partially attached or remain detached.The mean follow up was (18.00 ± 14.61) months (range 4 to 60 months).Results Among 13 eyes received scleral buckling,the macula was attached in 2 eyes with stage 2B (15.38％),partially attached in 11 eyes (84.62％) including 4 eyes with stage 3B,1 eye with stage 4A and 6 eyes with stage 4B.Among 21 eyes received vitrectomy,the macula was attached in 8 eyes (38.10％) including 2 eyes with stage 3B,4 eyes with stage 4 and 2 eyes with stage 5;the macula was partially attached in 9 eyes (42.86 ％) inducing 4 eyes with stage 4 and 5 eyes with stage 5;the macula remained detached in 4 eyes (19.05％) including 1 eye with stage 3B,2 eyes with stage 4 and 1 eye with stage 5.Conclusion If the surgical approaches were chosen based on the stage of FEVR and the severity,extent and morphology of the proliferative membrane,the surgery is effective and beneficial to FEVR patients.

Objective To construct human surfactant protein B (SP-B) gene promoter luciferase reporter plasmids and detect their transcriptional activities in H441 cells.Methods (1)The fragment of SP-B promoter (-218/+ 435 bp) was acquired from human genome DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and then was inserted into pGM-T vector by the T4 DNA ligase.The vector was transfected into TOP10 E.coli.The positive clone was identified by DNA sequencing.The identified target SP-B promoter sequence was cloned into pGL3-basic vector to construct the recombinant vector pGL3-basic-SP-B-promoter and was identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing; (2)The pGL3-basic-SP-B-promoter vector was converted into pGL4.17-SP-B-promoter vector through enzyme digestion.The identified recombinant vectors and control plasmid pRL-TK were transfected into H441 cells by lipofectamine 2000,and luciferase assays was performed using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system.Results The sequences of SP-B promoter in the recombinant luciferase reporter plasmids were consistent with the one published on Genebank.The firefly/renilla luciferase activity ratio of pGL3-basic/pGL4.17-SP-B-promoter vector (2.8 ± 1.1,66.5±3.8) was significantly higher than pGL3-Basic,pGL4.17 control vector (0.2 ±0.1,4.3 ±0.4) with statistical significance (t =4.182,27.419,P =0.000),respectively.The SP-B promoter activity of pGL4.17-SP-B-promoter vector was significantly higher than pGL3-basic-SP-B-promoter vector (t =27.712,P =0.000).Conclusions The pGL3-basic/pGL4.17-SP-B-promoter vectors are successfully constructed with SP-B promoter activity in H441 cells and pGL4.17-SP-B-promoter vector is the better choice for further study with higher luciferase activity.

Objective To investigate the efficacy,adverse effect and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events by comparative study on simvastatin combined with ezetimibe on therapy of lowing blood lipids in metabolic syndrome patients.Methods One hundred and twenty metabolic syndrome patients were divided into experiment group (n=60) and control group (n=60).The experiment group was treated with 20 mg of simvastatin associated 10 mg of ezetimibe daily.The control group was treated with conventional-dose 20 mg of simvastatin.The period of treatment was 4 years in both groups.The efficacy,adverse effect and the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were observed and analyzed.Results Blood lipid were significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment.There was significant difference on total cholesterol ( TC ) [ ( 3.05±1.17 ) mmol/L vs (4.94 ± 1.13 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ],low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLC) [ (2.12±1.03) mmol/L vs (3.16 ± 1.11 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05] and triglyceride(TC) (1.02±0.29) mmol/Lvs (1.65 ± 0.32)mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ) between experiment group and control group.There were 3 cases of cardiovascular events in experiment group and 10 cases in control group,5 cases of cerebrovascular events in experiment group and 13 cases in control group.The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group (x2 =4.08 and 4.37,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Combination therapy with simvastatin and ezetimibe is more effective and it can significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in metabolic syndrome patients.

Objective To apply quality control circle (QCC) to reducing non-timely maintenance rate of medical equipment.Methods QCC was established,and some measures were taken to observe its effect in decreasing non-timely maintenance rate of medical equipment.Results The non-timely maintenance rate fell from 12.1％ to 4.5％,and 0.3 million Yuan was saved for the manpower cost.Conclusion QCC decreases the non-timely maintenance rate of medical equipment,increases the efficiency of the maintainer,shortens the downtime of the fault medical equipment,enhances hospital economic benefit and patient satisfaction and provides references for other hospitals.

With the rapid development of medicine,medical ethics and medical philosophy have also made a far step forward.Under the new historical conditions,they are endowed with a new scientific connotation,which is elaborated in the modern version of Hippocratic Oath.

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma lysephosphatidic acid (LPA) or acidic phospholipids (AP) levels in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF) or NVAF associated with silent brain infarction (SBI) and to provide biochemistry evidence to antithrombotic therapy. Methods Plasma LPA/AP levels was examined in blood freshly sampled in 235 cases of NVAF who were not receiving any antithrombotic therapy, 116 cases SBI who were not with NVAF and 120 cases healthy volunteers as control enrolled in the LPA and stroke prevention study. Plasma LPA was assayed by measuring its inorganic phosphorus after separation by chromatograph. Meanwhile, the platelet activation in NVAF or (and) SBI were observed. Results SBI was found in 31.5% of the participants with NVAF, and in 37.6% of the elderly NVAF subjects (age60 years old). LPA/AP levels were significantly increased in NVAF with SBI group((3.78±0.61) μmol/L) compared with controls ((2.66±0.49) μmol/L, 95% CI 3.47-4.21,P = 0.000), NVAF without SBI group ((3.29±0.57) μmol/L, 95 % CI 3.01-3.76, P = 0.008), SBI without NVAF group((3.17±0.54) μmol/L, P=0.004). The platelet activation was significantly higherin NVAF with SBI group, the odds ratio (95% CI) was 21.39(10.17 to 45.02),than those in NVAF without SBI group (P<0.01). Conclusion The plasma LPA/AP levels were significantly elevated in NVAF or NVAF with SBI, NVAF contributes to the risk of SBI. Platelet activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of thromboembolism in NVAF and the measurement of LPA reflects activation of platelets in vivo and may be a useful marker for the diagnosis of thrombosis or prothrombotic states.Consideration of the role of antiplatelet therapy should be given when choosing antithrombotic therapy to NVAF-associated ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe the effects of different antithrombotic interventions on the changes of plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) level in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and to provide the basis for clinical antithrombotic therapy. Methods A total of 235 patients with NVAF who did not receive antithrombotic therapy diagnosed by clinical and auxiliary examinations were randomly allocated to receive aspirin (100 mg/d) plus dipyridamole (100 mg/d) (n =76), aspirin (100 mg/d) plus fixed-dose warfarin (1.25 mg/d) (n =79), and dose-adjusted warfarin (international normalized ratio (INR) range of 1.5 to 2. 1) (n =80). They gore redivided into <60, 60-75, and ≥76 year-old groups according to their age. The plasma LPA levels were measured and compared before treatment and 2 and 6 weeks after treatment. Results 1he plasma LPA levels were decreased more significantly in the aspirin plus fixed-dose group than those in the aspirin plus dipyridamole and dose-adjusted warfarin groups (all P < 0.01). Two and 6 weeks after treatment with aspirin plus dipyridamole in the < 60 year-old group, the plasma LPA levels were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0. 01). Two and6 weeks after treatment with aspirin plus fixed-dose warfarin in the < 60 year-old group, the plasma LPA levels were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P <0. 01). Two and 6 weeks after treatment with aspirin plus fixed-dose warfarin in the 60-75 year-old group, the plasma LPA levels were significantly lover than those before treatment (all P <0.01). Two and 6 weeks after the treatment with dose-adjusted warfarin (INR 1.5-2. 1) in patients in each age group, the plasma LPA levels were significantly lower than those before treatment. Conclusions 1he different antithromhotic therapeutic modalities have different effects on platelet activation in patients with NVAF in different age groups. The patients in the < 60 year-old group can receive aspirin plus dipyridamole, the patients in the < 75 year-old group can receive aspirin plus fix-dose warfarin, and the patients > 75 year-old, dose-adjusted warfarin (INR 1. 5-2. 1) should he recommend.