OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical utilization of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers(ARBs) in our hospital. METHODS: The clinical utilization data such as the DDDs and consumption sum of ARBs,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs) and calcium antagonists during 2006～2008 in our hospital were evaluated. RESULTS: Both the consumption sum and proportion of ARBs increased year by year,and the DDDs of ARBs increased as well. Irbesartan and telmisartan showed the most rapid increase and losartan potassium took the lead over the three years. CONCLUSION: As a mainstream type of antihypertensive drugs,ARBs get more and more popularity among doctors and patients,and the clinical application of which enjoy a great potential.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical diagnosis, treatment and genetic diagnosis of congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD), a rare autosomal recessive disease.Methods One month old boy with persistent diarrhea, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, his stool electrolyte testing, clinical treatment and follow-up, as well as his and his parents’ SLC26A3 gene mutation analysis were retrospectively analyzed.Results The fecal electrolyte testing showed that the levels of Cl- and K+ were increased and the level of Cl- was much higher than the sum of Na+ and K+. After replacement therapy with NaCl and KCl, the blood electrolyte recovered to normal. Follow-up 4 years, the boy had a normal growth and development. Mutation analysis onSLC26A3 gene showed there was a homozygous mutation of 239G>A and both his father and mother carried the same heterozygous mutation. This mutation was ifrst discovered in China.Conclusions The sequencing analysis ofSLC26A3 mutation may help to diagnosis CCD.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of levosimendan on patients with acute left heart failure in acute myocardial infarction.Methods Thirty patients with acute left heart failure in acute myocardial infarction were selected and treated with an initial loading dose of levosimendan of 0.05 μg/(kg · min),followed increasing dose to 0.20 μg/(kg · min) for 24 h after no adverse reactions were observed.Clinical assessment was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety of levosimendan.Results The scores of dyspnea before medication was (1.95 0.71),(1.49 ±0.56) scores at 24 hours after medication and (1.15 ±0.51) scores at 1 week after medication group,and the differences were significant(F =3.346,P=0.043).The scores of clinical manifestation was also different among before medication group ((1.87 ±-1.21) scores),24 hours after medication group((1.36 ± 0.61) scores) and 1 week after medication group ((1.09 ± 0.58) scores,F =5.203,P =0.024).After 1 week medication left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),stroke volume (SV) and plasma NT-proBNP had significant difference with before medication group (LVEF:before medication group:(30.41 ± 5.62) ％,1 week group:(43.16 ± 8.51) ％,t =2.238,P =0.037 ;SV:before medication group:(59.52 ± 25.23) ml,1 week group:(72.31 ± 14.91) ml,t =2.067,P =0.047 ;BNP:before medication group:(2 534.56 ± 1 570.23) rng/L,1 week group:(934.32 ± 421.53) ng/L,t=2.347,P =0.020).No severe adverse effects were seen during the course of medication,while the common adverse effects including palpitations,dizziness,hypotension and ventricular premature beats were remission after treatment.Conclusion Levosimendan treatment on acute myocardial infarction,heart failure is proved to be an efficacy,safety,and well tolerated.

Objective :To investigate expression of E-Cadherin(E-CD) in breast cancer cells and its relationship to clinical and pathological character and to the incidence of tumor cells shed from the surgical field. In an attempt to study more deeply about the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of breast cancer and give some reference to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Methods: The expressions of breast carcinoma cells were studied using immunohistochemical methods(ABC methods).Semi-quantitative methods were used to judge the results. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test and the exact probability in 2 ?2 table were used. Results : E-CD positive was located on cell membranes and cytoplasms, mainly on membranes, showing different intensity of brown pellet. Of 52 cases, twenty nine percent retained normal E-CD expression, seventy one percent have reduced or even none expression. E-CD expression has significant correlation with histological grade. Reduced and lost expression rate in Grade 1(36.4%,4/11) were much lower than grade 2(77.8%,28/36)and grade 3(75%,6/8) (p

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of total flavonoids in onion extracts.METH_ ODS:UV spectrophotometry was adopted in the determination with the detection wavelength set at270nm.RESULTS:Good linear relationship with the absorbability was achieved when the detection concentration of eldrin was within a range of0.002～0.01mg/ml(r=0.9978),the average recovery was99.15%(RSD=1.52%).CONCLUSION:This method was simple,rapid and accurate.

Objective To observe the changes and significance of the activity of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B)in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)of the critical patients with hyperglycemia,who were treated by intensive insulin therapy.Methods One hundred and twelve critical patients with hyperglycemia were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy(maintenance of blood glucose at a level between 4.4~6.1mmol/L,57 patients)or to receive conventional treatment(maintenance of blood glucose at a level between 8.0~11.1mmol/L,55 patients).2ml venous blood was collected to extract nucleoprotein in PBMC,and the NF-?B activity of PBMC was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)on 24h,4d and 10d.NF-?B oligonucleotide probe was labeled by digoxin.The Gel-Imaging system(UVP company)was used to record optical density values(OD)which represented the NF-?B activity.Results NF-?B activities in PBMC of the patients who received intensive insulin therapy(44.69?10.46,34.47?14.32 and 25.95?11.50 at the 24th hour,4th day and 10th day,respectively)were significantly lower than that of the patients who received conventional treatment(50.37?11.54,43.76?10.27 and 35.87?9.97 at 24th hour,4th day and 10th day,respectively,P

Objective To research the relationship between quality of life among the elderly with chronic periodontitis (CP) and the severity of CP.Methods A total of 471 elderly patients seeking treatment in the affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2013 to January 2014 and their companions were investigated using the questionnaire according to the Chinese version of the Oral health Impact Profile-14.Those who diagnosed with CP were separated into two groups according to Community periodontal index (CPI) through periodontal examination.Group A was diagnosed with the early CP,and Group B was diagnosed with the late CP.Database was established by Epidata and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS.Results A total of 237 elderly patients with early CP and 139 with late CP were recorded.The mean OHIP-14 scores of the former were 14.36 ± 6.67,and the score of the later were 15.65 ± 7.12 relatively.The two groups who lived through negative effects were compared.The results suggested in the 14 items of OHIP-14.The statistical significance existed in the following 4 items,obvious pain appeared,uncomfortable when eating anything,unsatisfied with own diet,become easy to lose one's temper to others (P＜0.05).Conclusion OHR-QOL of elderly patients with the late CP is lower than that of those with the early CP.

Objective:To investigate the expression of lysozyme in ampullary carcinoma, and its relation with invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Methods: 36 cases were analyzed with immunohistochemistry of lysozyme. Results: The lysozyme-positive rate in patients with lymph node metastasis (30%) was significantly lower than that in patients without metastasis (71%), while that in patients with advanced cancer invading the pancreas (35%), was significantly lower than that in patients with cancer without invasion of the pancreas. The Survival rate of lysozyme-positive patients (66.7%) was significantly higher than that of lysozyme-negative patients (14.3%). Conclusion: The expression of lysozyme in carcinoma of ampulla is associated with invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Lysozyme is important in typing of cancer of ampulla.

Objective To evaluate the occurrence and prevention of pinch-off syndrome in post-operative complications of totally implantable central venous port.Methods From October 2003 to September 2016,628 cases underwent implantable central venous port via the subclavian vein using the landmark venipuncture technique.From February 2014 to September 2016,106 cases underwent implantable central venous port gaining subclavian venous access.Retrospective analysis of two groups of pinch-off syndrome after totally implantable central venous port.Results pinch-off syndromne were not found in the uhrasound-guided group,pinch-off syndrome occurred in 9 patients of 628 cases underwent implantable central venous port via the subclavian vein using the landmark venipuncture technique during follow-up period.Conclusions Subclavian venous access cannulation on the lateral side of mid-clavicular line by ultrasound guidance was found to be associated with absence of pinch-off syndrome.This method appears to reduce or prevent pinch-off syndrome occurrence after implantable central venous port,therefore improving the safety of the long-term management of implantable central venous port.

AIM:To explore the expression of anoctamin 1 (ANO1), one of calcium-activated chloride chan-nels ( CaCCs) , in mouse cardiomyocytes and its functional properties.METHODS:The cardiomyocytes from the myocar-dial tissues of C57BL/6 mice were isolated with enzyme and purified by the differential adherent method.The cells were stained with monoclonal anti-sarcomeric actin and Cy3 to evaluate the purity of the myocardial cells.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ANO1 in the mouse cardiomyocytes.The protein expression of ANO1 in the mouse cardio-myocytes was determined by Western blotting analysis.The fluorescence quenching kinetics experiment was used to identify the ion transport properties of ANO1 in the mouse cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: The results of RT-PCR confirmed that ANO1 was expressed in freshly isolated myocardial cells.The results of Western blotting clearly demonstrated the protein expression of ANO1 in primarily cultured myocardial cells.Fluorescence quenching kinetics experiment on freshly isolated single myocardial cell revealed a pronounced outward rectifying property of the ANO1.The functional properties were simi-lar to the classic CaCCs.CONCLUSION:ANO1 expression was identified in the mouse myocardial cells.The function of CaCCs was generated by ANO1, suggesting that ANO1 is the molecular basis of CaCCs.