Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Milk Banks ; Milk, Human ; North America

Breast Feeding ; Congresses as Topic ; Europe ; Food Handling ; methods ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Milk Banks ; organization & administration ; Milk, Human ; Pediatrics

Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Congresses as Topic ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Infant ; Malnutrition ; prevention & control ; Nutritional Sciences ; Obesity ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To evaluate if Ⅵ region lymph nodes metastasis status can be a reliable indicator in prediction of lateral lymph nodes metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with negative cervical lymph nodes (cN0).Methods Retrospectively reviewed the medical records from January 2003 to October 2011 of 73 patients with PTC who underwent prophylactic lateral neck dissection (Ⅱ-Ⅴ region or Ⅱ-Ⅳ region).The relationship between cervical lymph nodes metastasis and lateral lymph nodes metastasis was assessed.Results The rate of lateral lymph nodes metastasis was 16.4％(12/73).The rate of Ⅵ region lymph nodes metastasis was 42.5％(31/73).Multivariate analysis showed that Ⅵ region lymph nodes metastasis was the risk factor of lateral lymph nodes metastasis in cN0 patients with PTC(OR =7.3,P=0.020).Conclusion Ⅵ region lymph nodes metastasis status can be a reliable indicator of lateral lymph nodes metastasis in cN0 patients with PTC.

ObjectiveTo research the endothelial dysfunction and early changes in arterial elasticity in patients with hyperlipidemia and effects of atorvastatin on these changes.Methods40 patients with hyperlipidemia but without any treatment in our hospital were selected as a study group,and 30 healthy people were selected as control group.Use the Flow mediated dilation,FMD detection which bases on the echo-trackingtechnology,eTRACYING to evaluate the right brachial atherosclerosis parameters and vascular diastolic parameters,including the pressure strain elastic modulus(Ep) ;stiffness index (β) ;compliance (AC) ;FMDs and FMDd.The study group take atorvastatin 20mg per day,then retested above parameters and TC,LDL-C after 12 weeks and analyzed all parameters.ResultsThe values of β and Ep in study group are significantly higher than the control group (all P ＜ 0.001 ),but AC;FMDs and FMDd are significantly lower than the control group( all P ＜ 0.001 ).The results of the study group after the treatment of atorvastatin are as follwing:TC,LDL-C,β and Ep are lower than before,AC,FMDs and FMDd are higher than before;and the differences are of significance in statistics ( all P ＜ 0.001 ).ConclusionHyperlipidemic patients had shown the vascular endothelial injury and vascular early hardening before the abnormal changes in intimal,but the atorvastatin intervention could reverse these changes.

Objective To evaluate the pattern of lateral cervical metastases and to investigate the risk factors for lateral cervical lymph node metastases in paoiuary thyroid carcinoma patients with clinical negative lateral neck lymph node.Methods 73 patients with paoiuary thyroid carcinoma who underwent prophylactic lateral neck dissections(level Ⅱ-Ⅵ or level Ⅱ-ⅣandⅥ) were reviewed retrospectively on their medical records paoiuary thyroid carcinoma.None of patients in this study had a clinically positive lymph node.Neck dissection specimens were obtained for histological analysis for node metastasis with respect to the individual neck levels.Results Occult metastases in lateral neck were observed in 12(16.4 ％)patients.9.6 ％,0,13.6 ％,9.6 ％,0,4.8 ％ and 42.4 ％ patients had histologically positive lymph nodes in levels Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Va,Vband Ⅵ respectively.In multivariate analysis,lymphatic metastases in level Ⅵ was associated with lateral neck metastasis(OR=7.3,P=0.020)in cN0 patients with paoiuary thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion Levels Ⅲ,Ⅱa and Ⅳwere the most common stages showing occult lymph node metastases.Prophylactic lateral neck dissections may be omitted in the treatment of cN0 PTC patients ff level Ⅵ lymphatic metastases are not found on histological exam.

Objective Neonatal sepsis (NS) is one of the main causes of neonatal death.Immune therapy is an important way in the comprehensive treatment of NS.This study investigated several databases in order to find the clinical evidence for the immunological treatment of neonatal sepsis (NS),and to explore its clinical application value.Methods Systematic reviews and randomized (or quasi-randomized) controlled trials (RCT) for immunological treatment of NS in newborn infants were searched from the databases of MEDLINE,EMBASE and Cochrane Library.The relevant literatures were statistically analyzed.Results Six systematic reviews (including 37 RCTs) were found to be involved in the therapy,and the drugs included intravenous immunoglobulin (containing high level of IgM),antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins,neutrophile granulocyte,granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor,pentoxifylline and glutamine.Pentoxifylline could decrease the mortality (Z =2.71,P =0.006 8),shorten the hospitalization (Z =2.01,P =0.044),and reduce the incidence rate of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (Z =1.67,P =0.095) of the NS infants.No therapeutic effect was found for other drugs in the treatment of NS.Conclusions Current clinical evidence for the immunological treatment of NS indicates that only Pentoxifylline could decrease the mortality,reduce the incidence rate of NEC and shorten the hospitalization of infants with NS.However,current evidence is only a small scale sampling and lacks multicenter studies.Researchers are encouraged to undertake large scale and well-designed multicenter trials to confirm the effectiveness of the immunological treatment of NS.

Objective: To study the effect of berberine (BR) on ventricular remodeling in experimental rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and its mechanisms.
Methods: The MI model of experimental rats was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and the MI animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: MI+BR group, in which the rats received BR 20 mg/kg.d, Sham group and MI group, the rats in those 2 groups received the same volume of normal saline. All animals were treated for 8 weeks. The cardiac function and structure were assessed by echocardiography, cardiac interstitial collagen deposition was evaluated by Masson stain, the myocardial cell apoptosis was detected by Tunel method, and the activation of nuclear factor (NF-κB) was also examined.
Results: For echocardiography, MI group had enlarged left ventricular end diastolic diameter (7.28 ± 0.29) mm than Sham group (6.86 ± 0.36) mm,P<0.05, but it decreased in MI+BR group (6.89 ± 0.99) mm,P>0.05. MI group had increased left ventricular end systolic diameter (5.88 ± 0.33) mm than Sham group (4.61 ± 0.31) mm, but it decreased in MI+BR group (4.68 ± 1.17) mm, allP< 0.01. MI group showed increased left ventricular posterior wall compensatory hypertrophy (1.81 ± 0.85) mm than Sham group (1.67 ± 0.16 mm),P<0.05, while in MI+BR group, it was deereased to (1.65 ± 0.14) mm. MI group presented decreased LVEF (45.77 ± 3.17) % than Sham group (67.28 ± 4.15) %, but it increased in MI+BR group (64.64 ± 5.82) %, allP<0.01. For Masson stain, cardiac interstitial collagen deposition in MI group (11.39 ± 0.45) % was higher than Sham group (2.65 ± 0.45) %, but less in MI+BR group (7.00 ± 0.87) %, allP<0.01. For Tunel examination, the myocardial cell apoptosis index was increased in MI group (21.31 ± 2.34) than Sham group (0.99 ± 0.38), but decreased in MI+BR group (14.15 ± 1.62), allP<0.01. For NF-κB activation study, the nuclear protein p65 content was higher in MI group (0.14 ± 0.02) ng/ml than Sham group (0.06 ± 0.01) ng/ml, but lower in MI+BR group (0.10 ± 0.02) ng/ml, allP<0.01.
Conclusion: Application of BR may improve the ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in experimental MI rats, it might be because of BR partially inhibit NF-κB activation, reduce collagen deposition and help anti-apoptosis in myocardial cells.

To observe the effects of dexamethasone (DXM) on changes of syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of asthmatic rats at different stages of intervention (before withdrawal, during withdrawal and after withdrawal).

Objective To understand the changes of allergic rhinitis from immunology,pathophysiology and morphology method were applied.Methods Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate was dissolved with florence oil to final concentration 10%,this solution was dropped into the nasal vestibules of animals to induce sensitization process.8 guinea pigs were prepared as allergic rhinitis with 10% Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate,and other 8 animals were used as blank controh.After model successfully established,the blood were obtained to determine RBC-C3b receptor rosette rate and RBC-imuuunocomplex rosette rate.The nasal mucosas were obtained from 2 groups,distribution and changes of substance P in nasal mucosa were observed with the application of immunohistochemical staining.The content of blood histamine was determined with ELASA method.The pathological changes of nasal mucosas were observed with the application of light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results The behavior scores of the modeling animals were significantly higher than that of controls(P＜0.01).The value of RBC-C3b reeeptor rosette rate and RBC-imuuunoeomplex rosette rate of the modeling animals were significantly decreased than that of the controls(P＜0.05).Substance P presented in the normal nasal mucosal epithelial cells,epithelium cells of blood vessels,glandular cells and its duets,the staining density and the positive staining cells in the same aero in modeling group significantly increased,compared with controls.The counts of substance P-positive cells of control group were less than those of modeling group(P＜0.05).The content of blood histamine of the modeling animals were significantly increased compared with the controls(P＜0.01).The structure of false multiple coat cilium columnar epithelial cells in nasal mucosa of control group were successive,intact,and distinct.There were normal mucosal epithelium,lamina propria and submucosa.But modeling group showed that mucosal epithalamiums were damaged and shed,goblet cell proliferated,squamous metaphase,and epithelial necrosis happened,serous glands in lamina propria vigorously proliferated,blood vessels expanded,tissue edema formed,plenty of inflammatory cell such as eosinophil and mast cells were more in number and infiltrated.The structure of epithelial eells,cilia and mierotubule of nasal mucosa of control group were regular and distinct,there were abundant cellular organs in cytoplasm.Eosinophil cells were intact.But iu model group,mucosal epithalamium,cilia and its microtubule,mierovillus,goblet cell were damaged,the cell bulk and nucleus changed,mast cells and eosinophil cells changed,blood vessels expanded,serous glands vigorously proliferated.This morphological change was roughly identical to clinical manifestation of allergic rhinitis.Conclusion Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate can be used to establish allergic rhinitis model in guinea pigs,and some ehanges of the allergic rhinitis in model guinea pig were similar with clinic observation.