To investigate the clinic value of microsurgical shunt for the treatment of varicocele combined with asthenspermia,the clinical data and therapeutic method for 3 patients,who conducted the microscope spermatic vein high ligation combined with superficial epigastric vein flow,were retrospectively analyzed.No postoperative complications were found,and the original symptoms and signs were disappeared.All patients were conducted scrotal ultrasound and semen routine after 3 months,and all indexes,including maximum internal diameter of the cord vein (erect position),sperm density,sperm survival rate,sperm deformity rate and sperm forward movement rate,were gradually improved.Consequently,high ligation of spermatic vein combined with vascular bypass surgery under the microscope can block the countercurrent venous blood and establish a new return channel to the testis.Meanwhile,it can also protect the testicular artery and lymph-vessel.It is worth to be spread for the treatment ofvaricocele combined with asthenospermia.

Objective:To explore application value of improving quality of the low dose pancreatic CT images by using deep learning reconstruction (DLR).Methods:From August to December 2020, 68 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced pancreatic CT were prospectively collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All patients were randomly divided into routine dose group (34 patients, with tube voltage of 120 kV) and low dose group (34 patients, with tube voltage of 100 kV). All patients underwent non-contrast, arterial phase, parenchymal phase and delay phase scans. The four-phase images of low dose group were reconstructed by using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (AIDR) and DLR which were marked with LD-FBP, LD-AIDR and LD-DLR, respectively. The four-phase images of routine dose group were reconstructed by using AIDR algorithm which were marked with RD-AIDR. The CT value, image noise (SD), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of pancreas were measured. The ANOVA test was performed in comparison with objective parameters of different reconstruction algorithms, and LSD test was performed in pairwise comparison. The subjective image scores were obtained and were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.Results:CT value, SD, SNR and CNR of non-contrast, arterial phase, parenchymal phase and delay phase had significant difference among different reconstruction images of routine dose group and low dose group (all P<0.05). The CT value of LD-FBP, LD-AIDR, and LD-DLR images were significantly higher than those of RD-AIDR images in parenchymal phase and delay phase (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in each pairwise comparison of SD and SNR of four phase images (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences of CNR among LD-FBP, LD-DLR and RD-AIDR in four phase images (all P<0.05). The CNR of RD-AIDR was better than that of LD-FBP, and CNR of LD-DLR was better than that of RD-AIDR. DLR algorithm improved the SD, SNR and CNR of four phases of pancreatic images. The improvement of SNR was more significant after contrast enhancement, and the improvement of CNR was more significant in the non-contrast and delay phases. Subjective image scores of different reconstruction images were statistically different in four phase images (all P<0.001). Overall image scores of LD-DLR and RD-AIDR had no significant differences in four phase ( Z value of four phases were 1.00, 2.24, 0.45 and 1.34, respectively; P value of four phases were 0.317, 0.025, 0.655 and 0.180, respectively). Conclusion:The DLR technology can decrease radiation dose of pancreatic CT, improve image quality and satisfy diagnostic requirement. The DLR technology can also reduce image noise, improve the SNR and CNR in low dose contrast-enhanced pancreatic CT.

Objective To investigate the early changes of left atrial structure and function using echocardiography in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome( OSAS) patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) . Methods Echocardiography was performed in 91 OSAS patients (64 without LVH , 27 with LVH) ,and the results were compared with those from age-matched and gender-matched controls ( n=40) . All subjects were examined with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography ( 2D-STE) to obtain the apical four chamber and two chamber left atrium(LA) strain and strain rate curve image .Systolic strain and strain rate( Ss ,SRs) ,early diastolic strain and strain rate( Se ,SRe) ,late diastolic strain and strain rate(Sa ,SRa) were measured . Phasic LA volumes and empty fractions were calculated . The ratio of peak early diastolic mitral inflow and annulus velocity ( E/e′) was used to estimate left ventricular diastolic function . Results Compared with the control group ,LA volume ,LA stiffness index ,SRa and active empyting fraction ( AEF) increased ,Ss ,SRs ,Se ,SRe ,total empyting fraction ( TEF) and passive empyting fraction ( PEF) decreased in none LVH group ( P < 0 .05) . Importantly ,diastolic function was relatively normal in this subgroup without LVH( P > 0 .05) . Diastolic function decreased in LVH group ,and the changes of left atrial structure and function like above mentioned were more significant .The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was found to be negatively correlated with Ss ,SRs ,Se ,SRe ,TEF and PEF . Conclusions OSAS is associated with LA remodeling and dysfunction that occurs before the development of LVH and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction ,and it will be further aggravated along with the development of LVH .

Objective To investigate the changes of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function before left ventricular morphologic changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients.Methods A total of 111 OSAS patients were divided into left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) group (n=29) and non-LVH group (n=82).Meanwhile,50 healthy subjects were enrolled as normal control group.Routine echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) were performed.The differences of conventional echocardiography and 2D-STI parameters were compared among the three groups.The correlations between echocardiography and clinical parameters were analyzed.Results Compared with those of the other 2 groups,left ventricular mass index (LVMI),diastolic thickness of interventricular septum (IVST),diastolic ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT),left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd),the ratio between early diastolic peak velocity of mitral valve and early diastolic velocity of mitral annular (E/e') and left atrial volume index (LAVI) increased (all P＜0.05),and mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e') at interventricular septum and lateral wall decreased in LVH group (all P＜0.05).The mitral annular systolic velocity (s') in LVH group was less than that in normal control group (P =0.013).Compared with those of the other 2 groups,left ventricular global longitudinal systolic strain (S) and early diastolic strain rate (SRE) decreased (all P＜0.05),and the ratio of early diastolic peak velocity of mitral valve to SRE (E/SRE) increased in LVH group (both P＜0.05).Compared with normal control group,systolic strain rate (SRS) decreased in LVH group (P=0.001).S,SRS,SRE in non-LVH group were less than those in normal control group (all P＜0.05),and E/SRE was higher than that in normal control group (P＜0.001).S,E/SRE were independently associated with apnea hypopnea index (both P＜0.05).LVMI was independently associated with mean arterial oxygen saturation (β =-0.299,t =-3.273,P =0.001).Conclusion OSAS can affect the structure and functions of left ventricular independently.The systolic and diastolic functions of left ventricular have been impaired before morphology changed.