BACKGROUND: More recently,repair of skull defect with computer-designed prosthesis contributes to the revolutionary development of skull reconstruction technique. OBJECTIVE: To individually molded titanium mesh by computer-aided design (CAD) technique,and to observe the clinical application value of the titanium mesh in the repair of large-area skull defects in the fronto- temporo-parietal lobes. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Neurosurgery,Liuzhou People's Hospital between January 2006 and August 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 16 patients comprising 12 males and 4 females,aged 16-52 years,suffered from skull defects in the fronto-temporo-parietai lobes following standard large trauma craniotomy and were recruited into this stud Two of these patients were complicated by hydrocephalus and received ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Skull defect area ranged between 9. 2 cm ×11.2 cm and 12.2 cm×14.6 cm. Skull defect neoplasty was performed in all patients 3-8months following standard large trauma craniotomy. METHODS: Titanium mesh patches were individually modeled by CAD,computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and rapid shaping techniques and implanted into skull defect region. In addition,defect edge was fastened with titanium nails. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Moulding effects and complications following skull defect neoplasty. RESULTS: A small amount of subcutaneous effusion was found in one patient and disappeared after liquid extraction and pressure dressing. Titanium mesh was firmly fixed with no loosening. Patients exhibited left-right symmetry,appropriate lateral curvature,no irregular umbilication or chewing dysfunction. All patients were followed for 3-18 months postoperatively and were satisfied with good resuRs,Le.,no complications,infection,material exposure,loosening,or collapse. CONCLUSION: CAD technique used for repair of skull defects is convenient,effective,and safe. This method can. reduce postoperative complications and improve repair effects.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease(PD)in a community cohort of elderly in southern Xin Jiang. Methods A total of 6229 residents of Uygurs and Hans ethnicity in Kashi district were investigated from 2008 to 2009 by using a stratified, staged and cluster sampling methods. Results In this study, 57 PD patients were found. The prevalence rate of PD was 0. 7%(21/2871)in Hans and 1.1%(36/3274)in the Uygurs. The prevalence rate of PD increased with age, especially in people aged 85-89 years old. The prevalence rate of PD was 6. 0%(9/150)in illiterate people,followed by 1.0%(30/2968),0. 6%(14/2180)and 0. 5%(4/842)in those having received primary, junior high or senior high school education. Conclusions The prevalence rate of PD increased with age and decreased with education level. There was a correlation between the prevalence of PD and age.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system(CNS)-related disorder. There is yet no successful treatment for this issue at present. Cell-based therapies have been explored for SCI restoration, including the use of pluripotent human stem cells, and a number of adult-derived stem and mature cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells. However, cell transplantation is often hampered by the poor cell survival in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. Alternatively, the therapeutic role of different cells has been used in tissue engineering approaches by engrafting cells with biomaterials. The latter have the advantages of physically mimicking the CNS tissue, while promoting a more permissive environment for cell survival, growth, and differentiation. The roles of both cell transplantation and biomaterial-based therapies as single therapeutic approaches for SCI repair will be discussed in this review.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of elderly patients with moyamoya disease and clinical outcomes after combined revascularization, and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this method in elderly patients.Methods:Moyamoya disease patients aged 60 years or older who had undergone combined revascularization at the Neurosurgery Center of Aeronautical General Hospital from January 2016 to September 2021 were selected as study subjects.Then patients' clinical data and postoperative complications within two weeks of surgery were collected and a followed-up was conducted.The results were compared with those of previous reports.Results:A total of 46 combined revascularization procedures were carried out in 30 patients.The ages at surgery ranged between 60-75 years, with a mean age of(66.1±4.4)years.The rate of complications within two weeks after surgery was 37%, and the most common complication was speech dysfunction, followed by epilepsy and hyperperfusion.No serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage and death occurred.The follow-up varied between 3-67 months, with an average follow-up time of(26.8±18.4)months.The MRS score was <3 at 3 months after surgery, and there was no death or severe disability.Conclusions:Perioperative complications in elderly patients with moyamoya disease have a higher incidence rate than in other populations, but patients can usually recover after close perioperative management for 2 weeks.The follow-up has demonstrated that outcomes at 3 months and in longer terms after surgery are satisfactory and clinical symptoms will improve significantly.

Objective To understand the relationship of anxiety and depression with AIDS knowledge,cognition of risk and sex behavior among young men who have sex with men(YMSM).Methods The study was conducted by the snowballs sampling method for the recruitment and serological examination of YMSM aged 15-24 in Mianyang city,Sichuan province.The anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS).Chi-square test was used to implement single-factor analysis and non-conditional logistic regression for multiple-factor analysis.Results Totally 356 cases completed the SAS and 355 cases completed the SDS.And the total scores of SAS and SDS were (42.96± 10.81) and (45.63± 12.40).The detection rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 23.60％ and 33.24％ respectively.There was no statistical difference in the incidence of HIV infection with or without anxiety and depression (x2=2.235,1.718,both P＞0.05),and there was a statistical difference in the incidence of syphilis infection (x2 =6.840,P＜0.05).Multi-factor analysis results showed that HIV infection risk awareness(β=1.101,P=0.015),number of anal sex in nearly 1 week (β=1.111,P=0.005),and the diagnosis of STD in nearly 1 year(β=1.996,P=0.010) were independent factors influencing anxiety symptoms,meanwhile occasional sex in nearly six months (β=0.692,P=0.037),and the number of anal sex in nearly one week (β=0.969,P=0.012) were independent factors in depressive symptoms (P＜0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of anxiety and depressive symptoms among YMSM is high.Anxiety and depressive symptoms are related to AIDS related factors,which has certain characteristics to the YMSM sex behavior and is of great health risk.AIDS prevention should combine behavior with psychological intervention.