Trophozoites of Giardia lamblia were axenically cultivated with modified TYI-S-33 medium contained 500 ?g/ml metronidazole(12h LC50).The morphology of drug-treated trophozoites was observed with light and electron micro-scopes at 2,4,8,12 h respectively.The light microscopy revealed that the trophozoites treated with MTZ showed swollen,detached from the wall of the culture tube,and were with vacuoles in the cytoplasm.Movement of the flagella become slowly or stopped.Electronic microscopy showed that the trophozoites were swollen and deformed;lots of vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm;the contents of cytoplasm were depleted and the nuclei deformed.This study indicated that MTZ has injured the morphology of G.lamblia.

Objective To explore the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound on detecting fetal spleen.Methods 1850 normal cases and 34 cases of splenic abnormalities,including fetal anemia(31 cases) and intrauterine infection(3 cases),were included.All fetuses underwent standard ultrasound fetal biometry,routine fetal screening and splenic length and thickness measurement.The ultrasonic imaging and the size of fetal spleen in the two group of fetuses were compared and relevant statistical analysis was performed.Results ①In 1850 cases,the fetal spleen visual rate under prenatal ultrasound was 98.1％.②Linear regression analysis showed that there was a linear relationship between the thickness,spleen diameter and gestational age(GA) with simplified equation as follows:splenic length (mm)=GA,splenic thinckness (mm) =GA×0.5-4.③ In the 34 abnormal cases,the size of fetal spleen were significantly larger than those in normal fetuses.Conclusions It is important to detect fetal spleen by prenatal ultrasound which can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of fetal anemia and intrauterine infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF) and its receptor TrkA as well as learning-and-memory abilities in rats suffered from focal cerebral ischemia.Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham-MCAO,n=12),focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (MCAO,n=12) and exercise preconditioning + cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (EX+MCAO,n=12).Rats in EX+MCAO group were placed in the treadmill device and accepted 4 weeks exercise training.Then method of middle cerebral artery occlusion was applied to prepare transient focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model.Garcia's method was used to assess the neural function in rats.Western blotting was applied to test the expression of NGF and TrkA protein in the successfully established experimental MCAO rats.Morris water maze experiment was uti lized to test the learning-and-memory abilities of the rats.Results (1) Compared with Sham-MCAO group,the expression of NGF in rats' brain tissue was lower in MCAO group (cerebral ischemia 1h reperfusion 24h) (P＜0.05).The expression of NGF of EX+MCAO group was higher than that of MCAO group,but still lower than that of Sham-MCAO group (P＜0.05).(2)The expression of TrkA in rats' brain tissue was higher in MCAO group compared with Sham-MCAO group (P＜0.05).Compared with MCAO group,the expression of TrkA was even higher in EX+MCAO group (P＜0.05).(3)On the fifth day in the Morris water maze test,the latency of MCAO group was significantly longer than that of Sham-MCAO group((9.36± 1.18)s vs (4.86± 1.52) s,P＜0.05).However,compared with MCAO group,the latency in EX+MCAO group ((6.02± 1.04) s) was shorter,but still longer than Sham-MCAO group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference among the three groups in the average swimming speed (P＞0.05).Conclusion Exercise preconditioning can up-regulate the expressions of NGF and TrkA protein,which can also improve the learning-and-memory abilities in rats suffered from focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Geriatric depressive disorder is a common psychological disorder in elderly people, and it can lead to the decline of various organic functions, and it also does great harm to elderly people and their family.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors of depressive disorder in retired cadres and people, so as to provide basic evidence for enhancing the mental nursing in retired cadres and people and reducing the prevalence of geriatric depressive disorder.DESIGN: A sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Nursing, North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Between August and December 2002, 1 000 retired cadres and people living in the urban area of Tangshan city were investigated. There were 574 males and 426 females, aged from 60-88 years, the average age was 67.04 years, 851 of them were married, 10 were divorced and 139 had lost their spouses: the educational level was primary school and below in 159 cases, junior middle school in 362 cases, senior middle school in 280 cases, university and above in 199 cases.METHODS: The elderly people were investigated with the geriatric depression scale (GDS) and individual general information inventory by means of family visit. The investigative purpose and methods were introduced to the subjects before the investigation, and they all signed the informed consent, the form of without recording name was used. The strictly trained investigators were qualified by examination, which ensured the concordance of the investigative results. The pretesting was performed before the investigation to detect whether there were words,sentencesand items hard to understand, so as to avoid the information bias. The questionnaires were filled by the elderly people themselves or by the investigator if there was any difficulty for the elderly people in writing according to the their choice after reading the questions for them.in retired cadres and people of different age, gender and educational level:ferent marriage status.RESULTS: Totally 1 000 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 000 valid der was obviously higher in females than in males (27.0%, 18.6%, P ＜ 0.05).ple with the educational level of primary school and below, junior middle school, senior middle school, university and above were 33.9%, 22.1%,20.0%, 16.1% respectively, and it was decreased with the elevation of emarkedly higher in retired people than in retired cadres (25.4%, 13.6%,higher than in those having or had lost spouse (50.0%, 21.2%, 26.6%, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depressive disorder is higher in retired cadres and people. More attentions should be given to the mental health care and social support of retired cadres and people, especially for the divorced ones.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of endovascular embolization for the treatment of cerebellar arteriouvenous malformations (AVMs) associated with aneurysm, and to discuss its technical points. Methods The clinical data of 142 patients with cerebellar AVMs were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 142 patients, 42 had concomitant aneurysms. The patients were divided into concomitant aneurysm group and without aneurysm group. Using univariate and multivariate statistical models, the patient’s gender and age, the presence or absence of hemorrhage, the lesion’s location and size, and the presence or absence of deep venous drainage were analyzed. Results A total of 61 concomitant aneurysms were detected in the 42 patients, which were located within the malformation mass (n=14) or on the feeding artery (n=47). The concomitant aneurysms located in the malformation were closely related to AVM hemorrhage and the deep venous drainage. During the follow-up period after endovascular embolization, no recurrence of bleeding was observed in all the 42 patients. Conclusion In order to reduce the relapse rate of hemorrhage, the formulation of therapeutic measures should be based on the management of the concomitant aneurysm when endovascular embolization treatment is employed for AVM associated with aneurysm.

Objective To explore the characteristics of ALK fusion gene in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma in Gannan region, with hopes of scientifically guiding such patients towards selecting targeted drugs. Methods 5′/3′ imbalance strategy for qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ALK fusion gene in 233 cases of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed. Results The expression rate of ALK fusion genes was 9.01% (21/233). The expression rate of ALK fusion gene in female and N1-3 patients was significantly higher than that in male and N0 patients (P < 0.05); The expression rate of ALK fusion gene in patients with no smoking history, age < 55 years, M1 stage and fresh biopsy specimens was relatively high (P > 0.05); The expression of ALK fusion gene was not correlated with TNM stage, T stage, surgical treatment or tumor distribution location (P > 0.05). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis of 153 M1-stage cases, no correlation was found between the expression of ALK fusion gene and the metastasis of common sites of lung cancer (bone, brain, opposite lung, pleural dissemination adrenal glands and liver) (P > 0.05). Conclusion The expression rate of ALK fusion gene in primary lung adenocarcinoma in Gannan region is relatively high, which is common in female patients with lymph node metastasis.

Objective:To explore the effect of shoulder subluxation on the peripheral nerves in the hemiplegic upper limbs of stroke survivors.Methods:Twenty stroke survivors with shoulder subluxation were enrolled. Conduction in their suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves was monitored and needle electromyography was used to monitor activity in the supraspinatus, deltoid, biceps brachii, extensor digitorum, abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles of their affected upper limbs at rest. Upper limb and hand function were assessed using the Brunnstrom scale. The rate of change in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) was correlated with the patient′s disease duration, age, and upper limb and hand Brunnstrom stages.Results:Compared with the healthy side, a significant decrease was observed in the CMAP amplitudes of the suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves of the hemiplegic arm, and the latency of the suprascapular and axillary nerves was significantly prolonged. There was no inter-arm difference in the conduction velocity of the musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves. The rates of change in the CMAP amplitudes of the suprascapular, axillary and musculocutaneous nerves were significantly higher than those of the radial, median and ulnar nerves. The sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes of the median, ulnar and radial nerves on the hemiplegic side were significantly lower than on the healthy side, but there was no significant difference in the sensory conduction velocity between the two sides. On the hemiplegic side, the median nerve had the highest rate of change rate in the SNAP amplitude, followed by the radial and ulnar nerves, but there was no significant difference among them. Nor was there any significant difference in the rate of change in sensory nerve conduction velocity. The muscles of the affected upper limbs had higher potentials in the proximal than that in the distal nerves after shoulder subluxation. The rate of change in the CMAPs was not significantly correlated with a patient′s disease duration, age, or upper limb or hand Brunnstrom stage on the hemiplegic side.Conclusions:Shoulder subluxation after a stroke can cause greater damage to the peripheral nerves in the shoulder and upper arm than to those in the forearm and hand, possibly affecting the recovery of upper limb function.

Objective To compare the recurrence rate and long-term follow-up angiographic findings between stent-assisted coil embolization and simple coil embolization in treating large and giant intracranial aneurysms.Methods The clinical data and imaging materials of a total of 90 patients with large and giant intracranial aneurysms (＞10 mm,91 aneurysms in total),who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from January 2004 to January 2016 to receive interventional embolization therapy,were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 90 patients,52 patients (52 lesions in total) received simple coil embolization (SCE group)and 38 patients (39 lesions in total) received stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE group).Postoperative recurrence rates of aneurysm were compared between the two groups,and recurrence risk factors were analyzed.Results The whole postoperative recurrence rate of aneurysm and re-treatment rate were 38.5％(35/91) and 20.9％(19/91) respectively;the recurrence rate and re-treatment rate of SACE group were 35.9％ (14/39) and 17.9％ (7/39) respectively,while those of SCE group were 40.4％ (21/52) and 23.1％ (12/52) respectively;the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the recurrence risk factors of large or giant intracranial aneurysms included rupture of aneurysm (OR=0.284,95％CI=0.083-0.978,P=0.046),simple coil embolization (OR=5.03,95％ CI=1.04-24.44,P=0.045),concurrent hypertension (OR =0.13,95％ CI=0.036-0.51,P=0.003)and long time after operation (OR=1.002,95％CI=1.001-1.003,P=0.002).Conclusion Compared with simple coil embolization,stent-assisted coil embolization can reduce the recurrence rate of aneurysm.Rupture of aneurysm,simple coil embolization,long time after operation and concurrent hypertension are independent risk factors for recurrence of aneurysm after transcatheter arterial embolization.

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative sleep deprivation on hippocampal Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aged mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Methods Sixty clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6J mice,aged 16 months,weighing 28-36 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),surgery group (group S),sleep deprivation group (group SD) and sleep deprivation plus surgery group (group SD+S).Mice were fed a common diet in group C.Mice were sleep-deprived for 24 h in group SD.Tibial fracture internal fixation was performed in group S.Tibial fracture internal fixation was performed after 24-h sleep deprivation in group SD+S.Cognitive function was assessed using the contextual fear conditioning test at days 3 and 7 after operation.The animals were sacrificed at day 7 after operation,brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the percentage of time spent freezing induced by condition and percentage of time spent freezing induced by context were significantly decreased at days 3 and 7 after operation,the content of TNF-α was increased,and the expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in S,SD and SD+S groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group S and group SD,the percentage of time spent freezing induced by condition and percentage of time spent freezing induced by context were significantly decreased at days 3 and 7 after operation,the content of TNF-α was increased,and the expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in group SD+S (P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative sleep deprivation further accentuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and the mechanism is related to activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and inducing inflammatory responses of aged mice.

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences of liver transplantation.Methods Of the nine patients, four operation was standard orthotopic liver transplantation,the latter five were the piggyback liver transplantation.The immunosuppressive protocols included methylprednisolone FK506 and mycophenolatemofeti. Meanwhile intravenous antihepatitis B immunoglobulin and Lamivudine were used to prevent hepatitis B recurrence.Results All patients were cured.Conclusion Liver transplantation can be employed for liver disease both cirrhosis and carcinoma as a conventional surgery.It is an effective way for the treatment of no metastatic liver carcinoma.The immunosuppressive protocols included methylprednisolone FK506 and mycophenolatemofeti,it can prevent immune rejection.