Objective To determine equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient of salicylic acid at 25 ℃,and to provide a theoretical basis for design and preparation of its formulation.Methods Equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient (Papp) of salicylic acid were respectively investigated in water,hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0) and phosphate buffer solution system (pH 2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,7.8) at 25 ℃.The shake flask method and HPLC were used.The column was Waters C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μn) with the mobile phase as methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid water (47:53).The column temperature was room temperature.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 270 nm and injection volume was 20 μL.Results Equilibrium solubility of salicylic acid was (2.205 ±0.020) mg·mL-1 at 25 ℃ in Water and its Papp was (6.18 ±0.08).The solubility were (1.169 × 10-3 ±7.40 × 10-6),(2.250 ±0.010),(2.410±0.010),(2.694 ±0.003),(5.208 ±0.010),(5.826 ±0.006),(6.255 ±0.030),(3.353 ±0.070) mg·mL-1,respectively,at hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0) and phosphate buffer solution system (pH 2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,7.8),and the corresponding Papp were (16.39 ±0.19),(4.23 ±0.07),(6.03 ±0.11),(5.56 ±0.10),(1.25 ±0.01),(0.27 ± 0.001),(0.08 ± 0.001) and (0.07 ± 0.002),respectively.Conclusion The solubility of salicylic acid increases and its oil-water partition coefficient declines with pH value increasing.Salicylic acid is slightly soluble in water and oil.It belongs to Class Ⅳ drug in Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS).

Objective To explore the application value of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis, and to provide reference for clinical treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Methods Data of 252 cases of patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis treated by conservative treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups on the basis of systemic application of antituberculosis chemotherapy. A total of 154 patients were given simple local chemotherapy of percutaneous placement of focus catheter (group A), 48 patients were received percutaneous perfusion drainage and local chemotherapy (group B), 32 patients underwent percutaneous puncture catheter debridement combined with local chemotherapy (group C), and 18 patients were given percutaneous debridement and internal fixation combined with local chemotherapy catheter (group D). Data of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and the modified MacNab criteria were recorded before operation and at the end of the follow-up in four groups of patients. Results Of the 252 patients, 228 were followed up and 214 patients achieved clinical cure. The lost access were15 cases in group A, 5 cases in group B, 2 cases in group C and 2 cases in group D. The total rate of lost visit was 9.52%. The follow up duration ranged from 25-126 months. The mean duration of follow-up was 68(60, 76) months. A total 214 cases reached the standard of clinical cure. No complications (retrograde infection and cross infection) were found in all patients during treatment. ESR was statistically decreased to (7.26 ± 3.43) mm/1 h at the last follow-up (t=35.06, P=0.023) compared with that (44.96 ± 12.42) mm/1 h before operation. The VAS and ODI were 1.5(1, 3) and 30(25, 35)% at the last follow-up, which were significantly improved than those [7.5(7.0, 8.0) and 60(55, 65)%] before operation (Z=13.641 and 6.806, P<0.05). According to the improved MacNab criteria, the overall excellent and good rates for patients were 86.4%(197/228) at the last follow-up. Conclusion According to the stepped care and personalized treatment, patients of lumbar tuberculosis are preoperative comprehensive evaluated, and most patients can achieve long-term stability and a better clinical efficacy after interventional and minimally invasive treatment.

Effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the expression level of Alpha-7 .3 giardin mRNA in C2 Giardia lam-blia was investigated in this study to explore the damage to skeleton protein of C 2 Giardia lamblia .Giardia lamblia was culti-vated respectively for 2 ,4 ,8 ,and 12 hours with modified TYI-S-33 medium containing 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL DHA , while the control group performed in the same experimental conditions without DHA .The expressive quantity of Alpha-7 .3 gi-ardin mRNA was determined by using real-time reverse transcription PCR ,and then we found that the expressive quantities of Alpha-7 .3 giardin mRNA with DHA were significantly lower than those in the control group .It’s suggested that dihydroarte-misinin has obvious inhibitory effect on the expression level of Alpha-7 .3 giardin mRNA in C2 Giardia lamblia .The actions of dihydroartemisinin on skeleton protein of C2 Giardia lamblia are effective .

BACKGROUND:Biomechanical compatibility is the necessary condition to ensure the stable osseointegration with implants that then can function over a long period; therefore, it is especialy important to get knowledge about distribution of stress and strain between the maxilary central incisor and its surrounding bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: Based on five different anatomical types of natural teeth, to study the regularity of stress distribution between the maxilary central incisor root and implant.METHODS: According to the five different anatomical types of natural maxilary central incisors, UGNX and ANSYS were used to set up three-dimensional finite element models (B1, B2, M1, M2, P1) for the implant and surrounding structures, which were under 100 N static load at angles of 0o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 90o with the long axis of teeth. Then, the stress distribution between the five kinds of maxilary central incisor roots and implants was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the five different anatomical types, the equivalent stress for both the natural central incisor and implant were increased with the increasing of angles, and the implant had a higher raising trend. The equivalent stress for the natural tooth concentrated upon B1 for the maximum value and M1 for the minimum value; while the equivalent stress for the implant focused on the maximum value at M1 and the minimum value at M2. There was a gap of 2%-31% between the equivalent stresses for the natural tooth roots and a gap of 4%-21% for the implants. The stress distribution range for the implant was just smaler than that for the natural tooth roots. It implies that the bit force of implant and natural tooth is in positive proportion to the bite angles, and the bite force that implant can burden is smaler than that the central incisor can.

OBJECTIVEA highly sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with pre-column derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan was developed for determination of taurine in biological samples, including plasma, brain, and liver.

METHODSThe optimum derivatization reaction temperature was 70 °C, and at this temperature the reaction was complete within 3 min. The derivatized taurine was separated using phosphate buffer (0.02 mol/L, pH 6.0):acetonitrile (84:16, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a column temperature of 25 °C. The taurine derivatives were separated within 20 min (tR:14.5 min) and fluorometrically detected at 530 nm with excitation at 470 nm.

RESULTSThe intra- and the inter-day coefficients of variation for the method were 5.3% and 7.7%, respectively. The calibration curve was linear from 0.1 μmol/L to 30.0 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995.

CONCLUSIONThis method can be used to determine the taurine contents in plasma, brain, and liver from normal rats and human plasma.

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liver ; chemistry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Taurine ; analysis ; blood ; Temperature

Objective To evaluate the reliability, validity and applicability of the family caregiver burden scale (CBS-CP) for cancer patients. Methods The family caregivers of patients with digestive system cancer were selected as the research subjects. The reliability was evaluated by applying the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the half confidence level. The validity was evaluated by using criterion related validity. Applicability evaluation included: to analyze the burden level of family caregivers of patients with digestive system cancer;and to explore the influencing factors of caregiver burden. Results Except for factor 5, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the half coefficient level of the total CBS-CP and the other 4 factors were all higher than 0.75. The total scores and factors of CBS-CP were positively correlated with depression and anxiety (all P<0.01,r=0.296-0.505), and negatively correlated with the quality of life [except for the relationship between factor 5 and physical component summary score (P<0.05), the remaining Ps<0.01, r=0.126-0.370]. The total caregiver burden score ranged from 0 to 109, with an average of 46.03 ± 22.96;multiple regression analysis showed that the possible predictor variables of the total caregiver burden included:anxiety/depression, the disturbed life of family caregivers, quality of life, family economic pressure, spouse caregivers and caregivers'health status. Conclusions The findings showed that both the reliability and validity of the CBS-CP were good. The burden of family caregivers in patients with digestive system cancer is generally at a mild level, and the factors affecting the caregiver burden included physical, psychological, social and economic aspects. It was proposed that the influencing factors of caregiver burden should be explored through the dyadic level of caregivers and patients in future research, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of relevant interventions.

Objective To analyze the antimicrobial resistance, distribution of resistance genes and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec ( SCCmec) in 99 strains of mecA gene-positive Staphylococcus epi-dermidis strains isolated from early pregnancy cervical swabs and external environment in Beijing Chaoyang District from 2015 to 2016. Methods Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was performed to detect the sus-ceptibility of the 99 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains to cefoxitin. Microbroth dilution method was used to test their susceptibility to vancomycin, daptomycin, penicillin, erythromycin, compound sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. PCR was used to detect drug re-sistance genes of ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, norA1, norA2, sul1, sul2, sul3, aac(6')/aph(2″), ant(4', 4″), ant(6) and tetM and to analyze the SCCmec types ofⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳa, Ⅳb, Ⅳc, Ⅳd and Ⅴ. The results were compared with those of capillary electrophoresis. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results All of the 99 mecA-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were sensitive to vancomycin and 93. 94％ of them were sensitive to datomycin. The resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, compound sulfame-thoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol were 97. 98％, 85. 86％, 79. 80％, 52. 54％, 27. 27％, 43. 43％, 36. 36％, 23. 23％ and 11. 11％. The strains that car-ried the genes of norA1, norA2, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, sul1, sul2, sul3, aac(6')/aph(2″), ant(4', 4″), ant(6) and tetM accounted for 100％, 93. 94％, 0. 00％, 3. 03％, 17. 17％, 57. 58％, 50. 51％, 12. 12％, 4. 04％, 30. 30％, 8. 08％, 4. 04％ and 25. 26％, respectively. Among the 99 strains, 5. 05％, 0％, 43. 43％, 10. 10％, 0. 00％, 3. 03％, 3. 03％ and 19. 19％ belonged to SCCmecⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳa,Ⅳb,Ⅳc,Ⅳd andⅤ, respectively, and 4. 04％ (4/99) were positive to two SCCmec types. The types of 12. 12％ (12/99) of the strains were unidentified. Conclusions All of the 99 strains of mecA-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis were sensitive to vancomycin. Among them, the strains carrying multidrug resist-ance genes accounted for 89. 90％. The main mechanisms of resistance to macrolides, sulfonamides and ami-noglycosides in local strains were related to the resistance genes of msrA, sul1 and aac ( 6')/aph ( 2″) . SCCmec Ⅲ was the prevalent type. There were 88. 37％ of SCCmec Ⅲ type strains and 75％ of unknown type strains carrying multiple resistance genes. Apart from that, the isolated strains of other SCCmecⅢtypes all carried multiple resistance genes.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value and effect of the application of computer navigation system in orbital-zygomatic fibrous dysplasia.Methods:From March 2016 to December 2018, 16 patients with orbital-zygomatic fibrous dysplasia admitted to Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were included in this study. CT scans and computer aided designs were finished preoperatively. By mirrored and compared with the healthy side, preoperative-designed lesion removal area was determined and surgical regions were highlighted. Digital reference frame was fixed rigidly to patient’s forehead. After accurate registration, lesion area was removed with the aid of surgical navigation system according to preoperative-designed plan restrictively through lower eyelid-intraoral approach. The symmetric morphology of orbital-zygomatic region was analyzed postoperatively. Zygomaxillare, oribitale, zygomaticand lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary were marked both in preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional reconstructions, and the distance between them and mid-sagittal plane was measured. Paired- t tests were applied in this study for symmetric analysis. Results:In this study, 16 patients with orbital zygomatic bone fiber dysplasia assisted by computer navigation were included, consisted of 12 males and 4 females, ranging from 18 years old to 35 years old. The differences of preoperative symmetric analysis in zygomaxillare, oribitale, zygomatic had statistical significance( P<0.01). The difference of preoperative symmetric analysis in lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary had no statistical significance( P>0.05). The differences of postoperative symmetric analysis in zygomaxillare, oribitale, zygomatic and lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary had no statistical significance( P>0.05). The difference in zygomaxillare decreased from(10.1±6.2) mm to(2.7±6.4) mm. The difference in oribitale(ORI)decreased from(7.7±4.6) mm to(1.9±3.9) mm. The difference in zygomatic decreased from(8.5±7.5) mm to(0.7±1.5)mm. The difference in lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary decreased from(1.9±3.5) mm to(0.6±2.1) mm. The morphology of the affected side and the healthy side was symmetrical. The contour was natural and no postoperative complications occurred. The postoperative satisfaction rate was high. Conclusions:Computer navigation system can solve the problem of limited exposure of lower eyelid-intraoral approach in orbital-zygomatic fibrous dysplasia and significantly improve the accuracy, effectiveness and safety during surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value and effect of the application of computer navigation system in orbital-zygomatic fibrous dysplasia.Methods:From March 2016 to December 2018, 16 patients with orbital-zygomatic fibrous dysplasia admitted to Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were included in this study. CT scans and computer aided designs were finished preoperatively. By mirrored and compared with the healthy side, preoperative-designed lesion removal area was determined and surgical regions were highlighted. Digital reference frame was fixed rigidly to patient’s forehead. After accurate registration, lesion area was removed with the aid of surgical navigation system according to preoperative-designed plan restrictively through lower eyelid-intraoral approach. The symmetric morphology of orbital-zygomatic region was analyzed postoperatively. Zygomaxillare, oribitale, zygomaticand lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary were marked both in preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional reconstructions, and the distance between them and mid-sagittal plane was measured. Paired- t tests were applied in this study for symmetric analysis. Results:In this study, 16 patients with orbital zygomatic bone fiber dysplasia assisted by computer navigation were included, consisted of 12 males and 4 females, ranging from 18 years old to 35 years old. The differences of preoperative symmetric analysis in zygomaxillare, oribitale, zygomatic had statistical significance( P<0.01). The difference of preoperative symmetric analysis in lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary had no statistical significance( P>0.05). The differences of postoperative symmetric analysis in zygomaxillare, oribitale, zygomatic and lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary had no statistical significance( P>0.05). The difference in zygomaxillare decreased from(10.1±6.2) mm to(2.7±6.4) mm. The difference in oribitale(ORI)decreased from(7.7±4.6) mm to(1.9±3.9) mm. The difference in zygomatic decreased from(8.5±7.5) mm to(0.7±1.5)mm. The difference in lower orbital point of zygomatic maxillary decreased from(1.9±3.5) mm to(0.6±2.1) mm. The morphology of the affected side and the healthy side was symmetrical. The contour was natural and no postoperative complications occurred. The postoperative satisfaction rate was high. Conclusions:Computer navigation system can solve the problem of limited exposure of lower eyelid-intraoral approach in orbital-zygomatic fibrous dysplasia and significantly improve the accuracy, effectiveness and safety during surgery.

Objective:This study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in the treatment of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and evaluated the factors influencing its efficacy and side effects.Methods:A total of 198 patients with adult ITP who were admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy of each starting dose of eltrombopag was evaluated, and adverse events were analyzed. The factors influencing efficacy were investigated, including sex, age, adult ITP type, platelet antibodies, and combined drug treatments.Results:Of the 198 patients, 70 males and 128 females with a median age of 45 years (18-88 years) were included; 130 (65.7%) had newly diagnosed adult ITP, 25 (12.6%) had persistent adult ITP, and 43 (21.7%) had chronic adult ITP. The bleeding event scores at baseline were assessed; 84.3% had scores of<4 and 15.7% had scores of ≥4. The eltrombopag response rate (initial response) at 6 weeks was 78.8% (complete response [CR]: 49.0%; CR1: 14.6%; CR2: 15.2%). The median response time to eltrombopag was 7 (7, 14) days. The initial response rates to 25, 50, and 75 mg eltrombopag were 74.1%, 85.9%, and 60.0%, respectively ( P=0.031). The initial response rate to the 50 mg dose was significantly higher than that of the 25-mg and 75-mg doses. Two patients received 100 mg as the starting dose, and their initial response was 0. Regarding dose adjustment, 70.7% of the patients remained on the starting dose, 8.6% underwent dose adjustment to 50 mg, and 6.1% underwent dose adjustment to 75 mg. Another two patients underwent dose adjustment to 100 mg. After dose adjustment, the persistent response rates were 83.6%, 85.3%, and 85.7% for the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg doses, respectively, with no significant difference. After dose adjustment, the sustained efficacy rate for the 100-mg dose (4 patients) was 100.0%. After 6 weeks of treatment with eltrombopag, the overall bleeding score of patients with ITP decreased. The number of patients with a score of ≥4 decreased to 0, the number of patients with a score of<4 decreased, and there was no significant change in the number of patients with a score of 1-2. The most common adverse event associated with eltrombopag was impaired liver function (7.7%). No thrombosis events or other adverse events were observed. ITP type and number of megakaryocytes significantly affected the initial response to eltrombopag. The initial response rates to eltrombopag for newly diagnosed adult ITP, persistent adult ITP, and chronic adult ITP were 85.3%, 56.0%, and 76.2%, respectively ( P=0.003). For megakaryocytes, the initial response rates were 61.8%, 87.1%, and 84.3% ( P=0.009) for the decreased, normal, and increased megakaryocyte groups, respectively. Conclusion:Eltrombopag, as a second-line or higher treatment for adult ITP, has a rapid onset of action and good safety. The initial response rate is significantly higher with a dose of 50 mg than with a dose of 25 mg. Patients with newly diagnosed ITP and those with normal or increased megakaryocyte numbers have a higher initial response rate to eltrombopag.