Objective To evaluate the efficiency of nursing human resources in the nursing unit of a severe medical department in a hospital by data envelopment Analysis (DEA), to explore the reasons of inefficiency and to provide basis for improving nursing efficiency. Methods Three nursing input indicators from January 2017 to December in a certain ICU (the actual number of beds in the month department, the number of nurses in the department, the actual number of working hours in the department), and 2 indicators of output indicators (total number of hospitalized patients in this month, total number of patients admitted this month) related data were selected. Using DEA to analyze and study. Results From January 2017 to December, the overall efficiency was 0.959, and there were 3 units (accounting for 25％) in overall efficiency =1, pure technical efficiency was 0.984, 6 units of pure technical efficiency =1 (accounting for 50％), and scale efficiency was 0.974, there are 3 units of scale efficiency =1 (accounting for 25％). Conclusion There is significant difference in the level of serious nursing efficiency in our hospital, and the efficiency can be maximized through rational allocation of nursing human resources.