OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effect of calcium dobesilate on renal oxidative stress in type2diabetic rats.METHODS:30rats were divided into3groups of normal rats,diabetic rats,diabetic rats treated with calcium dobesi?late.Content of malonaldehyde(MDA)and activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)in the renal tissue were compared among the groups.In addition,blood glucose,serum creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured;the renal tissue were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy.RESU_ LTS:Compared with untreated group,the level of BUN,Cr,renal MDA in calcium dobesilate treated group were significantly decreased,but the activity of renal SOD,GSH-PX were increased notably.In addition,the renal pathologic changes in calcium dobesilate treated group was also improved.CONCLUSION:Oxidative stress takes key point in the development of diabetic nephropathy,and antioxidation may be the possible mechanism of the neohroprotective action of calcium dobesilate.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the developing trend of hospital preparations in China. METHODS: We collected and analyzed 343 articles about "hospital preparation" published on three Journals during the period 1995 to 1999. RESULTS: Pharmacists not only paid attention to develop preparations of Western medicine but also increased the preparations of Chinese herbs gradually. Among the 343 preparations, those of Western medicine accounted for 53.9% (185kinds), preparations of Chinese herbs accounted for 36. 4% (125 kinds) and preparations of integrated traditional Chincse herbs and Western medicine accounted for 9. 6% (33 kinds). Most preparations were made for use in departments of dermatology, stomatology, obstetrics and gynecology(101, 40, 28 kinds respectively ). At the same time, the old preparations have been improved and many new prepara- tions have been offered to the clinic continually. CONCLUSION: Hospital preparations in China are abundant and are expanding along the orientation of new drug development.

Objective:As a branch of image processing,image mining is a subject for great concern.With the development of image acquisition and storage,human can gain a lot of useful image information,but lack of effective analytic technique,so it is a focus of image mining that how to obtain useful image information and make full use of image information.So this paper gives an overview of the research and applications of image mining.Method:Firstly,it presents the concept and primary frame of image mining and the major techniques of lower layer image mining and higher layer image mining.Then,it discusses some applications in the biomedical,DNA analysis,data analysis of medical imaging and forensic medicine and so on.Result:Image mining is that the technique which can mine to discover new and valuable knowledge from vast collection of image.Conclusion:This article expounds the related technologies about image mining by our study of the image mining areas integrating the usual methods of the methods.Then,it identifies some applications in medicine and future research directions of image mining.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the reform mode of experiment teaching in pharmaceutical analysis in the new situation of vocational education and provide reference for improving the teaching quality of secondary vocational education. METHODS:The present situation of experiment teaching in pharmaceutical analysis was assessed deeply and in detail,and the problems exist-ing in teaching were analyzed;the reform plan and measures according to the disadvantages of the current teaching were raised. RE-SULTS:The experiment teaching in pharmaceutical analysis existed some problems,involving lagging textbook compilation,single teaching mode,“heavy theory,light practice”for time arrangement,obsolete laboratory apparatus and lack of advanced equipments. So a series of measures were adopted,including writing supplementary teaching materials and experimental guidance;reforming the contents of the experiment teaching;reforming the model of teaching and improving the students’participation;reforming the time arrangements;increasing the investment in laboratory equipment and attaching great importance to extramural cooperation;estab-lishing the virtual laboratory;and establishing a flexible,comprehensive and effective experimental evaluation mechanism.CON-CLUSIONS:Reform experimental teaching mode has fully mobilized the enthusiasm and initiative of students and improved the abil-ity of operating skills,and cultivated the strict scientific research style of students. The reform mode of experimental teaching in pharmaceutical analysis is in accordance with the students’learning needs of pharmaceutical majors,and lay a good foundation for the students better and faster adaption to the job.

Objective To explore the effects of the multidisciplinary cooperative continue nursing on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods From December 2012 to December 2014, hospitalized COPD patients who were in the stable stage of disease and would soon be discharged and met the criteria standards were chosen. Convenient extraction of 64 patients were set as the experimental group in one ward and 50 patients as the control group in the other ward. The conventional discharge guidance was employed in the control group. While the continuation of care before discharge and 1, 3, 6 months after discharge was employed in the experimental group. The indexes such as the quality of life and 6 min walking test distance (6MWD) were observed and compared. Results The total scores and symptoms, activities, influence scores of the quality of life were 48.53±15.78, 35.38± 18.61, 57.95 ±23.69, 52.28 ±15.27 after 6 months intervention in the experimental group and 60.24 ±10.14, 52.76 ±12.36, 68.34 ±15.59, 58.55 ±11.79 in the control group, and there were significant differences (t=-5.69--2.38, P<0.05). 6MWD was (267.46 ±64.64) m after 6 months intervention in the experimental group,which was more than that before intervention (169.42±48.46) m, and there was significant difference (t=-9.71, P<0.01). 6MWD was (201.32±53.93) m after 6 months intervention in the control group, which was not significantly better than that in the experimental group (t=5.82, P<0.01). Conclusions The quality of life of patients with COPD can be significantly improved by the multidisciplinary cooperative continue nursing education after discharge.

In recent years,tumor immunotherapy has attracted more attention because of its remarkable curative effect in patients with advanced cancer,but often accompanied by immune related adverse events.Understanding the immune related adverse reaction rate,possible mechanism and adverse reaction evaluation criteria and treatment principle of the immune checkpoint inhibitors such as Ipilimumab,Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab,has important significance for the treatment of malignant tumor.

BACKGROUND: Fiber post is widely used in front teeth aesthetic repair, but some defect teeth cannot form ferrule or thick root canal, which resulted in fiber post prosthetic replacement defluxion and a failure of repair. Presently, new-style resin cement had self sticking component, showing good effects in sticking of fiber post. Whether combination of new-style resin cement can repair affected teeth using fiber post deserves further investigation.OBJECTIVE: Through fatigue test, residual flexural strength and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation to compare the strength of severely weakened roots restored with three resin cements. METHODS: Eighteen intact maxillary central incisors were collected and formed to severely weakened canals at the same size. Three kinds of resin cements were used to restore. Rely X Unicem, Panavia F and Super-Bond C&B resin cement and identical glass fiber post were used. All the specimens were restored using Ni-Cr ceramic crown, and placed on TCML chewing machine that loaded 1 200 000 cycle forces, and the cycle times when failure occurred were recorded. The samples were intact following loading received residual flexural strength testl SEM was employed to observe breakage surface of the samples. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mean cyclic loading was significantly greater in the Super-Bond C&B Group (1 200 000 times) than in the Relyx Unicem Group (640 000 times) and Panavia F Group (550 000 times) (P< 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the Rely X Unicem and Panavia F Groups. Residual flexural strength was 747.99 N in the Super-Bond C&B Group. SEM demonstrated that Super-Bond C&B formed longer resin processes, which were more than other two groups. Results confirmed that Super-Bond C&B demonstrated better results when restoring flared roots with prefabricated glass fiber posts.

Objective To establish a method to evoke cerebral potentials by stimulating nociceptive fibers with contact heat evoked potential stimulator,evaluate the state of nociceptive system in patients with multiple sclerosis and assess the value of the potentials in multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods Thirty-six definite MS patients and 40 sex-,height-and aged-matched healthy persons underwent stimulation of contact heat delivered via a circular thermode to excite selectively nociceptors with a rapid rising time at 70℃/s to elicit pain and contact heat evoked potentiaI(CHEP).Thermal stimuli were sent at two intensity levels (47 ℃ and 51℃)to 3 body sites:volar surface of the forearm,the skin of leg 5 cm proximal to the medial malleolus and lumbar part.The CHEP were recorded from Cz.The relationship between the stimulus intensity and pain rating was observed,and the main components of the evoked potential were recorded.Then,somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)was examined in 36 patients with MS.Results CHEP were elicited reliably and stably in all control subjects.In contrast,in 4 patients there were no recordable CHEP on stimulation of the upper limb,and in some cases of lower limb(n=5).Conduction velocity of Aδ fihers was(18.1±7.3)m/s.The 21 MS cases had hypesthesia in upper limb and 29 cases in lower limb.The visual analog scale(VAS)for pain perception was higher in control subjects(upper limb:8.0±0.7;lower limb:7.9±0.7)than MS with hypesthesia(upper limb:6.1±0.9;lower limb:5.6±1.3,Z=-3.249 and -5.272,both P＜0.01).The group of patients (MS) with hypesthesia(upper limb 17 cases,lower limb 24 cases)had markedly reduced N-P amplitudes(upper limb:(30.5±12.8)μV;lower limb:(28.2±16.2)μV,t=-4.612 and -3.144,both P＜0.01)and prolonged N-wave latencies(upper limb:(387.3±34.2)ms;lower limb:(489.9±70.2)ms,t=4.790 and 4.798,both P＜0.01)compared with the control group in CHEP mediated by Aδ fibers.CHEP abnormality was observed more often in the lower(26/36,72.2%)than the upper limb(16/36,44.4%,P=0.031)and SEP(19/36,52.8%,χ~2=4.261,P=0.039).CHEP were abnormal in 3 of 15 skin areas with clinically normal nociception in upper limb,and in some cases of lower limb(2 of 7).Conclusions CHEP provides a clinically practical,non-invasive and objective measure,and can be a useful additional tool for the assessment of nocieptive system.Combined assessment of other Eps can help to document dissemination of demyelinating CNS lesions and detect subclinical lesions thus contribute to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Once umbilical cord ligation,neonatal kidney will be responsible for maintaining the whole-body homeostasis and the excretory requirements of the newborn. Meanwhile,there is a significant physiologic changes that occurs during the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. Neonatal renal reserve is less than adults,for the structure and function of the kidney still undergo a maturation process. Under the normal condi-tion,the adaptive changes of the renal function,with neonatal growth and development,can keep a delicate bal-ance of the internal environment. If they are exposed to a variety of external stressors,their immature kidney is especially vulnerable,which will not only cause fluid,electrolyte and acid-base imbalances and the adverse prog-nosis,but effect kidney structure and function further mature and increase the long-term risk of chronic kidney disease as well.

Purpose　To judge the value of CT in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Methods　74 cases of acute pancreatitis confirmed by operation were reviewed. All patients underwent CT plain and contrast -enhanced scanning. Oral contrast agents were used. Results　According to clinical diagnosis, they were devided into edematous type(n=53),and necrotic type(n=21). 7 cases were complicated with abscesses, and 5 cases died. According to CT finding, Grade A,n=10; Grade B,n=16; Grade C,n=19; Grade D,n=16; Grade E, n=13. Conclusion　 CT is valuable in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and CT grade is referable.