20 first mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =10).The teeth in experimental group were treated by fi-ber main post in combination with auxiliary pile,in control group by single fiber main post,and then were restored by metal crown.They were fixed in universal testing machine.The fracture load(N)of experimental and control group was (846.50 ±40.33)and (437.90 ±41.15) respectively(P <0.01).

Salvia miltorrhiza Bge. is a perennial deciduous flowering plant. Its medicinal root and rhizomes part is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify 4832 genome SSR loci with length longer than or equal to 40 bp from the draft genome assembly of S. miltorrhiza. The re-sults showed that the dinucleotide repeat motifs and trinucleotide repeat motifs constitute the main types of genome SSR loci, accounting for 37.3% and 61.3% respectively. SSR types enriched with A/T bases showed significantly higher abundance than other types, including AT/TA AAT/ATT, ATA/TAT, TAA/TTA, accounting for 30.5%, 21.6%, 17.1%, 20.4% of the total number of SSR loci, respectively. 1079 primer pairs were designed for these genome SSR loci. These primers can be used for genomic diversity analysis, genetic map construction, genetic marker screening. These data could lay the foundation for population genetics and genomics research of S. miltorrhiza.

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.

Objective To analyze the relationship between baseline serum γ?glutamyltransferase (GGT) and risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Method A total of 4 935 adults from health checkup population in Shenzhen were enrolled into a 10?year follow?up study, of these adults 81.84%were male and 18.16% were female, the average age was 60.54 ± 10.38 years.The follow?up outcome measure was the occurrence of MS. The proportional hazards model was adopted to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95%confidence intervals (95%CI) to analyze the association of GGT with the development of MS. Reslut The mean follow up period was 5.0 ± 2.9 years, and there were 24 713 person?years of follow?up, and 1 689 subjects developed MS. During the follow?up, the cumulative incidence and incidence density of MS were 34.22%and 68.34/1 000 person?years, respectively. For both genders, the association between GGT and MS presented dose?response relationship trend (male: M?C χ2=32.78, P<0.001; female: M?C χ2=18.80, P<0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high?density lipoprotein cholesterol, low?density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and fasting blood glucose in Cox regression model, the HR for MS in quartiles 3 and 4 level of GGT was 1.45 (95%CI:1.08-1.85) and 1.52 (95%CI:1.15-1.99), respectively. Conclusion The GGT level could be an important risk factor and predictor for the development of MS.

Objective To assess the application of Chinese children's intelligence equation (CCIE) and Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development-Ⅲ (BSID-Ⅲ) in screening of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in children after general anesthesia.Methods The study group (Group A),including 50 ASA-Ⅰ participants of 1-3 years old who would undergo hernia repair laparoscopic surgery,was assessed on one day (1 d) before and three days (3d) after the surgery respectively by both of CCIE and BSID-Ⅲ according to their ages of month.The control group (Group C),including 50 healthy participants with the matched age,was assessed in the same period by the same method.Both of Group A and C were assessed by the Z score method to diagnose POCD and both scales were used to analyze the results of POCD screening and their agreement.Results (1) Compared with preoperative 1 d,the CCIE score of Group A on 3d after surgery was relatively decreased (21.22±4.96 vs 18.65±4.74,P＜0.05) and the POCD rate was 12.0％.While in Group C,the CCIE score and the POCD rate had no statistical significance (20.83±4.97 vs 21.22±5.21,P＞0.05).(2) Compared with preoperative 1d,the scores of cognition,language,motion,social-emotion and adaptive behaviors in BSID-Ⅲ of Group A decreased (100.00±4.58 vs 96.44± 4.20,103.22±4.99 vs 96.24± 5.75,102.06±4.01 vs 95.28±4.27,101.22±7.38 vs 91.06±7.10,98.52±9.11 vs 90.5±8.47,P＜0.05) and the POCD incidence was 20.0％.While in group C,the BSID-Ⅲ score and the POCD rate had no statistical significance (104.61±5.48 vs 103.79±5.38,107.68±5.60 vs 107.11 ±6.05,108.29±5.91 vs 108.29±4.21,101.11±7.61 vs 101.86±6.99,99.00±7.99 vs 100.82±7.36,P＞0.05).(3)Reasonable agreement of the CCIE and BSID-Ⅲ was observed (Kappa value was 0.70;P＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is considerable agreement between BSID-Ⅲ and CCIE.While BSID-Ⅲ is relatively more sensitive to the POCD and more efficient in the diagnosis of POCD than the CCIE.Thus,BSID-Ⅲ is more likely to provide better evaluation of the postoperative cognitive functions of children within 1-3 years old and should be recommended to the health professionals in China.

Objective To evaluate the effect of revascularization of the renal artery on urinary microglobulin in patients with coronaryartery disease and significant renal artery stenosis (RAS). Methods Forty-four patients with coronary artery disease and severe RAS (luminal narrowing＞70%) underwent percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA) and stenting, as well as percutaneous coronary intervention. The urine -microglobulin (α1-MG) and β2-Cmicroglobulin (β2-MG) at baseline and at 3 months after the procedures were measured. Procedural success rate, procedural complications, serum creatinine concentration at baseline and at 3-months were also recorded. Results At 3-months after the renal revascularization therapy, there was no significant change of urine α1-MG ompared with that of the baseline, however, the urine β2-MG decreased significantly 3-months after the treatment (237±187μg/L vs 377±173 μg/L, P＜0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that persistent elevation of urine was an independent predictor of severe events (including re-admission and renal failure) after renal revascularization therapy in patients with severe RAS (OR=3.01,95% CI 1.01-8.95, P=0.036). Conclusions In patients with coronary artery disease and severe RAS, revascularization with PTRA and stenting may improve renal tubular function, but a continuous high level of urinary microglobulins after intervention is associated with more frequent re-hospitalization and renal failure.

Objective There is a lack objective methods for the diagnosis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).This study aimed to investigate the influence of propofol or etomidate anes-thesia on the postoperative cognitive function and serum S 100βprotein level in infants . Methods This study included 100 hernia infants aged 1-3 years treated by laparoscopic herniorrhaphy under propofol (n=50) or etomidate anesthesia (n=50).At 1 day before and 3 days after surgery, we assessed the cognitive function of the patients using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development ( BSID-Ⅲ) and further divided each group into a POCD and a non-POCD sub-group based on the results of diagnosis made according to the Z-scores.Using ELISA, we measured the levels of the serum S100βpro-tein in the iliac venous blood drawn preoperatively ( T0 ) and before PACU ( T1 ) and compared them between the POCD and non-POCD groups. Results At 3 days after operation, POCD was observed in 10 cases (20.0%) in the propofol group and 9 cases (18.0%) in the etomidate group, with no statistically significant differences between the two (P>0.05).The level of the serum S100βprotein was markedly elevated in both the propofol and etomidate groups at T 1 as compared with that at T0(P<0.05), and so was it in the POCD in comparison with that in the non-POCD group (P<0.05), with no statistically significant differences between the two groups at T1(P>0.05).A significant correlation was found between the postoperative S 100βlevel and POCD at 3 days after surgery in both the propofol (r=0.842, P=0.001) and the etomidate group (r=0.821, P=0.001). Conclusion Propofol and etomidate anes-thesia can induce different degrees of postoperative decline of cognitive function in 1-3 years old infants .The post-anesthesia elevation of the serum S100βprotein level is positively correlated with early postoperative POCD and indicates various degrees of brain damage .

Salvia miltorrhiza Bge is a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicines. Until recently, dozens of compound ingredients with medicinal properties have been identified from S. miltorrhiza. Proteome analysis on medicinal ingredients synthesis mechanisms could provide a theoretical basis for S. miltorrhiza genetic improve-ment. In this study, a S. miltorrhiza specific protein/peptide sequence database was constructed using Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data of multiple types of S. miltorrhiza tissues. The database could act as a key component to carry out the proteome analysis in S. miltorrhiza.

matK is one of the core DNA barcode markers for plant DNA barcode identification and its universality using single makers has been in controversy. However, the universalities of different matK primer pairs in same seed plant group (order) and same matK primer pairs in different seed plant groups (order) are lack of systematic research. In this study, we collected 14563 full-length matK sequences of 11429 species of 3292 genera in 239 families belonging to 36 orders in seed plants. The universalities of 13 matK primer pairs and its 78 primer com-binations have been assessed using bioinformatics methods. The results indicated that xf/5r, 1F/8R, 390F/1326R and 3F_KIM/1R_KIM were the four most universality primer pairs. The four markers' universalities were 91.18%, 84.65%, 79.81% and 80.94% respectively in all 11429 seed plants. The most universality primer pairs in different orders were different. For each order, the primer pair with maximum universality was different. the xf/5r was the basal primer pair for primer combination and 1F/8R, 1F/1R, M3/M4 and 3F_KIM/1R_KIM could be the complementary primer pairs. This study could be a valuable resource for the primer selection of the research DNA barcoding identification in seed plants.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hydrotalcite chewable tablets in treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia epigastric pain syndrome(EPS), and to investigate the onset time of hydrotalcite after the first dosage and whether use of hydrotalcite in EPS is a costeffective strategy. Methods A multicenter, randomized, open, positive controlled clinical trial was carried out in 240 patients with EPS. The subjects randomly received eigher hydrotalcite or omeprazole for 2 weeks. The improvemcnt and the disappear time of symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment and cost-effective was analyzed between two groups. Results It was demonstrated that both hydrotalcite and omeprazole could relief symptoms after treatment. After treatment for 2 weeks, the total effective rate was 85. 71% in hydrotalcite group and 90. 43% in omeprazole group with no significant difference (P＞0.05). The median onset time of hydrotalcite after first dosage was 0.417 h. The overall direct cost per patient was RMB ￥122. 29 for hydrotalcite treatment and RMB ￥242.95 for omeprazole treatment. The main adverse events included diarrhea, thirst, bloating,headache and belching. No severe adverse event was found in two groups. Conclusions Hydrotalcite has fast effect on relief of EPS symptoms. Use of hydrotalcite is a cost-effective strategy in the management of EPS. It is a safe and effective medicine in treatment of EPS.