Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on glomerular and renal tubular functionsMethods Twenty-five patients without renal disease were randomly assigned to two groups: propofol group(n=13) and enflurane group(n=12), The creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid(UA) , ? 2 -microglobulin( ? 2-MG) concentrations in serum and urine were measured before induction of anesthesia, and 1, 2, 3, and 24h after induction Albumin(ALb), immunoglobulin G(IgG), pH, and protein in urine were also examinedResults In both groups , the urine concentrations of ? 2-MG , ALb and IgG were significantly increased following the administrations compared with those before induction of anesthesia (P

Objective To investigate the effects of anesthesia and operation on glomerular and renal tubular function Methods Forty patients without renal disease were assigned to 4 groups: general anesthesia + minor operation; general anesthesia +major operation; epidural block + minor operation and epidural block + major operation The concentration of ?_2-microglobulin(?_2-MG)、albumin(Alb)and immunoglobulin G(IgG)in urine were measured before operation ,1h following operation and 24h after operationResults In the groups of major operation, the concentrations of ?_2-MG, Alb and IgG in urine increased significantly during and after operation(P005)Conclusions The influences on renal glomerular and tubular function during perioperation are related to the degree of operative stimulation, but do not to the anesthesia

AIM: Aquaporin 3 ( AQP3 ) water channel expressed in the kidney plays a critical role in the urine concentrating mechanism. Mice with AQP3 deletion show a urinary concentrating defect. To better characterize this defect, we studied the influence and mechanism of an acute urea load in conscious AQP3 - null and wild - type mice. METHODS:Urine was collected and assayed every 2 h, from 2 h before (baseline) to 8 h after the urea load. Urine volume, urine osmolality and urea concentration were measured. RNA was isolated from the whole kidney and real - time PCR was carried out using a LightCycler. Total protein of UTs was assayed from kidney tissue by Western blotting. RESULTS: Mice of both genotypes excreted the urea loaded in ～ 4 h with the same time course. Despite their low baseline, the AQP3 - null mice raised their urine osmolality and urea concentration progressively after the urea load to the values almost equal to those in wild - type mice at 8 h. In contrast, urine non - urea solute concentration did not change. Urine volume fell in the last 4 h to about one - fourth of basal values. The urea load strongly upregulated urea transporter UT - A3 expression in both genotype mice. CONCLUSION: These observations show that lack of AQP3 does not interfere with the ability of the kidney to concentrate urea but impairs its ability to concentrate other solutes. This solute - selective response results from the capacity of AQP3 to transport not only water but also urea, suggesting a novel role for AQP3 in non - urea solute concentration in the urine.

Objective To evaluate the effects of TAT-heme oxygenase-1 (TAT-HO-1) fusion protein on liver injury in rats undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods Adult male Lewis (inbred) rats (aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 180-230 g) were used as donors and Brown Norway rats (aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 180-230 g) as recipients.The recipient rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:OLT group and TAT-HO-1 group.The livers were harvested according to the method described by Kamada.In OLT group,the donor livers were flushed and preserved with 4 ℃ HTK solution,while the livers were flushed and preserved for 6 h with 4 ℃ HTK solution containing TAT-HO-1 50 μg/ml in group P.Blood samples were obtained at 7 days after transplantation for measurement of activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum.Hepatic specimens were obtained at 7 days after transplantation and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for examination under light microscope.Rejection activity index was calculated according to Banff criteria.The contents of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in liver tissues were determined using ELISA.Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured for 48 h to determine the levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in culture medium.Results Activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum,rejection activity index and levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in liver tissues and culture medium of Kupffer cells were significantly decreased,and the pathological changes of livers were mitigated in group TAT-HO-1 as compared to group OLT.Conclusion TAT-HO-1 fusion protein applied during cold storage of donor livers can attenuate liver injury in rats undergoing OLT.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of cellphone usage and addiction among Chinese children and adolescents, to provide reference for effective prevention and intervention of cellphone addiction. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling approach, 11 213 children and adolescents and their parents from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China were recruited and surveyed. Results: The median of daily mobile phone use time among Chinese children and adolescents were 120.00 minutes, as reported by either children or parents. Child s age( β =0.12), hedonic( β =0.11) and social( β =0.09) cellphone use motivations positively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.01). Cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.06) and knowledge( β =-0.03), as well as cellphone usage on instrumental( β =-0.04) or self representation( β =-0.16) motivation negatively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.05). Child s age( β =-0.04), cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.09) and awareness( β =-0.14), cellphone use on instrumental motivation( β =-0.22) were negatively associated with cellphone addiction among children and adolescents( P <0.05). Cellphone related parental monitoring( β =0.07), as well as cellphone usage on self representation motivation( β =0.03) or hedonic motivation( β =0.29) positively related to cellphone addiction in children and adolescents( P <0.05). Conclusion Time spent on mobile phone and mobile phone addiction of Chinese children and adolescents are influenced by various internal and external factors, such as the mobile phone use motivation and parenting style.Future school education should help children develop scientific motivation for mobile phone use. Family education should help parents develop positive parenting behaviors such as communication and awareness, so as to reduce the possibility of improper mobile phone use.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic degenerative disease of cartilage, which often occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients. It can cause joint swelling, pain and limited movement. With the aging population gradually increasing in China, the prevalence of KOA is also increasing, imposing burdens on patients, families and society. At present, the clinical treatment methods for KOA mainly include physical exercise therapy, non-steroidal analgesic drug therapy, intra-articular hormone injection therapy and surgical treatment, which can improve symptoms and reduce pain but cannot effectively cure KOA. With the development of medicine, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, as a new treatment method, has the effects of nerve repair and pain relief, and has become a new choice for the treatment of KOA. This article reviews the application of PRP in KOA, so as to provide a new perspective for clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis KOA.