Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the immunoreactive met-enkephalin (ir-MEK) contents of several brain areas.The pain threshold (PT) and the ir-MEK contents of striatum and hypothalamus increased markedly by intracerebro-ventricular (icv) injection of substance P (SP,1?g/10?1),no significant change of ir-MEK in hippocampus,and the increased ir-MEK contents and pain threshold were obviously deminished (P

Objective To demonstrate clinical value of surgical repair combined with collateral embolization for tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs).Methods The clinical catheterization and surgical data of 8 such patients from October 2004 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.All 8 patients underwent completely surgical repair combined with MAPCAs occlusion.Of 25 collateral arteries,20 were occluded before surgical procedure and 5 small ones were left.Corrective repairs were accomplished under moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.Ventricular septal defect was closed with Dacron patch,and all patients underwent non-valved autologous right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction.Results No complications were observed,only 1 patient got hypoxemia.Blood returned to left atrium from lung was decreased.During 6 months follow-up,7 cases were in NYHA class Ⅰ,another was in NYHA class Ⅱ.Conclusions In selective patients with dual pulmonary blood supply by both MAPCAs and native pulmonary arteries,this combined therapy of collateral embolization and surgical repair simplifies copmpleling surgical procedure,improves surgical results and achieves higher rate of one-stage repair.

Immunoreactive substance P (Ir-SP) level and substance P-like activity (SP-LI)in the spinal cord were determined with radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in rats after they were given an intraperitoneal injection of morphine(7.5mg/kg)or electroacupunctured(3V and 3Hz)on the "Jiaji" point. It was found that pain threshold,Ir-SP content,and SP-LI activity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were significantly increased in the experimental group than in the control (P

0.05). Spike of [Ca 2+ ]i of astrocytes was induced by acute morphine administration, but the spike of [Ca 2+ ]i of astrocytes pretreated with morphine could be induced only by higher concentration of morphine. The [Ca 2+ ]i response of astrocytes to morphine could be blocked by naloxone but not by MK 801(NMDA receptor antagonist). Conclusion The response of [Ca 2+ ]i in morphine induced astrocytes may play an important role in morphine tolerance.

This study was an attempt to excise or transplant optic vesicles, and excise or transplant presumptive lens ectoderms, by means of microscopic manipulations. Its purpose was to explore the dependence of the development of lens on the eye cup and the ability of induction of the eye cup to develop lens in liana nigromaculata, R. limnocharis, and Kaloula barealis, which are frequently used in experimental embryology in China. The results show that their lenses cannot develop without eye vesicles. This indicates that they belong to the pattern of dependent differentiation. The results also indicate that the situation of forming lenses from ectoderms under induction of eye cup is different in three kinds of frogs: the lenses can be frequently formed from ectoderm of both Lead and abdomen in Rana nigromaculata; but the frequency of lens formation from ectoderm of abdomen is rather low in R. limrocharis; and only the ectoderm of head is positive in Kaloula barealis. The interrelation in size between the eye cup and the lens was recorded. The formation of a secondary eye cup from brain wall under condition of the contact with the presumptive lens ectoderm was reported too. In addition, it was found that the temperature might have influence on eye differentiation.

The mesenchymal cells were carefully scraped off from the optic vesicles or eye cups at 15 to 24 stages in Rana limnocharis by a hair loop (those specimens from 21 to 24 stages were treated with trypsin in order to separate the mesenchymal cells easier) and then the optic vesicles or eye cups were transplanted into the coelom of tadpoles for 1 to 2 weeks. The transplantation of the eye cups Without scraping mesenchymal cells off at 21 to 24 stages were used as control. The results are as follows: 1.The pigment epithelium of eye, which was transplanted at 15 to 20 stages, (the pigment epithelium have not differentiated at those stages) can not fully develop or only a tiny piece of pigment epithelium layer occurs. 2.The pigment epithelium of eye, which was transplanted at 21 to 24 stages, (the pigment epithelium have differentiated at those stages) can develop, but separates itself from the normal position and hangs outside the eye or curls inside the cavity of eye in a vesicular form. 3.In the intact mesenchymal cells, the pigment epithelium of eye, which was transplanted at 21 to 24 stages, can develop well and remain in normal position. These results suggest that the mesenchymal cells might have an important effect on the development and morphology of eye pigment epithelium before and after its differentiation. Before differentiation of pigment epithelium, the existence of mesenchymal cells is a necessary condition for its normal differentiation; after its differentiation, the mesenchymal cells might play a mechanical role to keep the pigment epithelium layer in normal position.

It is well-known that the presumptive significance of every part of the optic vesicle has already been decided. The centrifugal part (i. e. the far end wall) of the optic vesicle is called presumptive retina and its centripetal part, (i. e. the near end wall) the presumptive pigment epithelium. In the present study, we caused the latter to come into contact with different tissues and organs by transplanting and excising for the purpose of observing whether it would be able to alter normal course and form retina. The experimental material was the embryos of frogs (Rana nigromaculara, R. japonica and Bufo bufo gargarizans). The experiment was divided into two groups: (1) brought presumptive pigment epithelium into contact with presumptive lens ectoderm, head ectoderm and abdomen ectoderm; (2) brought it into contact with other organs and tissues, including otic vesicle, pericardial membrane, nephridial tubule, pharyngeal wall, muscle, coelomic membrane, hepar, and cartilage.The results indicate that the contact with three kinds of ectoderm can alter normal course of development of presumptive pigment epithelium, transform it into retina and further produce secondary eye cup. As regard to its frequency of transformation into retina, the highest is in the case contacted with presumptive lens ectoderm; in the case contacted with head ectoderm come next and the lowest in the case contacted with abdomen ectoderm. The results also show that the above-mentioned organs and tissues can cause similar reactions, but the frequency of transformation is lower than that caused by abdomen ectoderm, and there are very few secondary eye cups which appear only under the conditions of contacting with otic vesicle, coelomic membrane and cartilage. This suggests that the action of the contact which brings presumptive pigment epithelium to transform into secondary retina might be an induction and material of induction widely distributed in the embryonic body.Two other reactions, moreover, were also found, i. e. the presumptive pigment epithelium was transformed into brain tissue and merged after the former came into contact with the latter, and the transplanted eye and the host eye fused in part or fully merged into a large eye when they came into contact.Above-mentioned phenomena further prove that the optic vesicle has a certain plasticity.

Objective To explore a new surgical procedure of open reduction and internal fixation for intraarticular fractures of calcaneus and its clinic outcome. Methods Between August 2004 and August 2005, 54 feet in 44 patients with calcaneal fracture were treated in our department. Based on the results of X-ray and coronal CT scan before and after treatment, small incision (2-3 cm) at lateral sides of calcaneus, self-made calcaneal anatomical plate and stud bolt were used. According to Sanders classification system, there were 12 cases of type Ⅱ, 32 cases of type Ⅲand 10 cases of type Ⅳ. Results The internal fixation with the calcaneal anatomical plate almost restored the height, length, width, Blher's and Gissane's angles of the calcaneus for the 44 patients. No infection of incision happened. The results were evaluated using Maryland Foot Score. 54 fractures were followed up for 2 to 12 months (averaging 8.3 months) after treatment. Excellent results were noted in 26 fractures,good in 24,fair in 4, and the excellent and good rates were 92.6%. Conclusion The open-reduction and internal fixation with self-made calcaneal anatomical plate and stud bolt is one of the best ways for treatment of fracture of calcaneus.

ObjectiveTo discuss the sonographic features of the urogential system in AIDS patients.MethodsThe positive sonographic lesions of urogenital systems of 336 AIDS patiens were analyzed retrospectively,with some compared with the results of aspiration biopsy,lab tests and clinical observation and treatment.ResultsThe ultrasonographic features of the pathological changes of the urogenital systems in AIDS patients were relative infectious diseases and relative tumors,which were respectively renal enlargement in 157 cases (46.73％),diffuse renal parenchymal disease in 129 cases (38.39％),urogential single infections in 125 cases (37.20％),and urogential cancer in 17 cases (5.06％).All of the above symptoms often developed in the same patient.ConclusionsThe ultrasonography of the lesions of the urogenital systems in AIDS patients are valuable documents for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

AIM: To observe the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), trkB and corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) in the hippocampus of arthritic rats.METHODS: The BDNF immunoreactivity (IR) and CRH-positive neurons were stained with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methods, respectively.RESULTS: The BDNF-IR, CRH mRNA-positive neurons in the contralateral hippocampus of the arthritic rats were increased significantly, which was decreased markedly by intraperitoneal injection of ACTH. However, the effect of ACTH was attenuated after adrenalectomy (ADX).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BDNF and CRH in the hippocampus of arthritic rats were involved in the modulation of chronic pain, ACTH produced its analgesic effect by inhibiting the increase in BDNF and CRF level. Adrenal is critical to the analgesic action of ACTH.