GATA6 transcription factor belongs to the GATA family and contains 2 conserved zinc ifnger DNA binding domains. GATA6 not only presents in embryonic tissues but also found in heart, lung and pancreas and is essential for the maintenance of their function.The present review focuses on the critical roles of GATA6 in heart development and atrial septal defect to provide theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment of atrial septal defect.

ObjectiveTo identify mutations ofGATA4 andGATA6 genes in children with isolated congenital atrial septal defect (ASD).Methods From November 2012 to November 2013, 101 patients with ASD (99 unrelated patients and one twin) who were submitted to catheter-based intervention and 100 ethnicity-matched children without congenital heart disease, blood disorders and chromosomal abnormalities were enrolled. The blood was collected. The coding regions and lfanking regions of theGATA4 andGATA6 genes were ampliifed by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using the dideoxvnucleotide chain termination technique, and then compared with the normal sequence in the Genbank.Results Two novel heterozygous missense GATA6mutations, c. G145A and c. G151A, were identiifed in 2 unrelated ASD patients, which were not present in the controls. These two mutations predicted the conversion of glycine into serine at amino acid residue 49 (G49S) and glutamate into lysine at amino acid residue 52 (K52E). A heterozygous missenseGATA6 mutation c.43 G>C, which caused a conversion from glycine to arginine, was found in 9 ASD patients and 7 controls. A single nucleotide polymorphism c.99G>T, which did not cause amino acid conversion inGATA4 gene, was found.ConclusionsGATA6 gene is an important transcription factor in heart development. The mutation ofGATA6 gene may cause the change of its transcriptional activity, and lead to ASD.

OBJECTIVETo explore the advantages, feasibility and limitations of hepatic arterial infusion under temporary hepatic circulation occlusion.

METHODSTwelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: hepatic artery infusion group (HAI group) and hepatic artery infusion under temporary hepatic circulation occlusion group (HAI-THCO). Microcatheters were separately inserted into the proper hepatic artery and right hepatic vein. For the HAI group, 5-Fu (10 mg/ml and 100 mg/kg) was infused into the common hepatic artery with a high pressure injector for 10 minutes. For the HAI-THCO group, the common hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein were temporarily occluded for 15 minutes using artery clamp when 5-Fu was being infused. For the two groups, at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after the start of infusion, blood samples of the hepatic flow were collected from the right hepatic vein and of the systemic blood flow from the inferior vena cava, 1 ml at each time point. The blood drug concentration of these blood samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSExcept that at 20 and 30 min after infusion, in the HAI group, the blood drug concentration of hepatic circulation was significantly higher than that of systemic circulation (P < 0.05). But in the HAI-THCO group, the blood drug concentration of hepatic circulation was significantly higher than that of systemic circulation at all the time points (P < 0.05). The hepatic circulation blood drug level of the HAI-THCO group was always significantly higher than that of the HAI group (P < 0.05), but the systemic circulation blood drug concentration of the HAI-THCO group was always lower (P < 0.05). The hepatic circulation maximum concentration (Cmax) of blood drug concentration of the HAI-THCO and HAI groups was (23.057±3.270) µg/ml and (4.408±1.092) µg/ml, respectively, and the Cmax of HAI-THCO group was significantly higher (P < 0.001), being 5.23 times of that of HAI group. The systemic circulation Cmax of the two groups was (1.456±0.217) µg/ml and (2.335±0.669) µg/ml, respectively, and the Cmax of HAI group was 1.60 times higher than that of the HAI-THCO group (P = 0.022). The hepatic circulation AUC of HAI-THCO and HAI groups was (368.927±52.416) µg·min·ml(-1) and (65.630±14.928) µg·min·ml(-1), respectively. The AUC of HAI-THCO group was 5.62 times higher than that of the HAI group (P < 0.001). The systemic circulation AUC of the two groups was (27.193±3.948) µg·min·ml(-1) and (45.301±12.275) µg·min·ml(-1), respectively. The AUC of HAI group was 1.67 times higher than that of the HAI-THCO group (P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONSHAI-THCO is a simple and effective regional hepatic infusion chemotherapy technique. It can be performed through occluding the common hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein by balloon catheter. HAI-THCO can not only increase the blood drug concentration in the hepatic circulation, but also decrease the blood drug concentration in the systemic circulation, therefore, distinctly lowering the systemic toxicity.

Animals ; Coronary Occlusion ; Fluorouracil ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatic Veins ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; methods ; Liver ; Liver Circulation ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo assess the optimal configuration of double-screw fixation for subtalar arthrodesis using finite element analysis.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element double-screw models of subtalar arthrodesis were reconstructed using Mimics 13.0, Geomagic 10.0 and solid works software based on the 3-D images of the volunteer's right foot. The external and internal rotation torques of 4 N·m were applied, and the micromotion at the bone-to-bone interface were measured to evaluate the initial stability of subtalar arthrodesis.

RESULTSA neck screw plus an anterolateral dome screw was the most stable model. The peak micromotion at the fusion site of this fixation configuration were 41.67mnplus;0.49 and 42.64mnplus;0.75 µm in response to the respectively. A neck screw plus a posteromedial dome screw was the least stable model, with peak micromotion at the bone-to-bone interface of 61.76mnplus;1.00 and 62.32mnplus;0.90 µm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONA neck screw plus an anterolateral dome screw is the best fixation configuration while a neck screw plus a posteromedial screw provides the least stability of subtalar arthrodesis. Three-dimensional finite element models allow effective preoperative planning of the screw number and placement.

Adult ; Ankle ; diagnostic imaging ; Arthrodesis ; methods ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Internal Fixators ; Models, Anatomic ; Software ; Subtalar Joint ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the advantages, feasibility and limitations of hepatic arterial infusion under temporary hepatic circulation occlusion. Methods Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: hepatic artery infusion group ( HAI group ) and hepatic artery infusion under temporary hepatic circulation occlusion group (HAI?THCO). Microcatheters were separately inserted into the proper hepatic artery and right hepatic vein. For the HAI group, 5?Fu (10 mg/ml and 100 mg/kg) was infused into the common hepatic artery with a high pressure injector for 10 minutes. For the HAI?THCO group, the common hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein were temporarily occluded for 15 minutes using artery clamp when 5?Fu was being infused. For the two groups, at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after the start of infusion, blood samples of the hepatic flow were collected from the right hepatic vein and of the systemic blood flow from the inferior vena cava, 1 ml at each time point. The blood drug concentration of these blood samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Except that at 20 and 30 min after infusion, in the HAI group, the blood drug concentration of hepatic circulation was significantly higher than that of systemic circulation (P<0. 05). But in the HAI?THCO group, the blood drug concentration of hepatic circulation was significantly higher than that of systemic circulation at all the time points (P <0. 05). The hepatic circulation blood drug level of the HAI?THCO group was always significantly higher than that of the HAI group (P < 0. 05), but the systemic circulation blood drug concentration of the HAI?THCO group was always lower (P <0. 05). The hepatic circulation maximum concentration (Cmax) of blood drug concentration of the HAI?THCO and HAI groups was (23. 057 ± 3. 270)μg/ml and (4. 408 ± 1. 092)μg/ml, respectively, and the Cmax of HAI?THCO group was significantly higher (P<0. 001), being 5. 23 times of that of HAI group. The systemic circulation Cmax of the two groups was (1. 456 ± 0. 217) μg/ml and (2. 335 ± 0. 669) μg/ml, respectively, and the Cmax of HAI group was 1. 60 times higher than that of the HAI?THCO group (P=0. 022). The hepatic circulation AUC of HAI?THCO and HAI groups was (368. 927 ± 52. 416)μg·min·ml-1 and (65. 630 ± 14. 928)μg·min·ml-1, respectively. The AUC of HAI?THCO group was 5. 62 times higher than that of the HAI group (P<0. 001). The systemic circulation AUC of the two groups was (27. 193 ± 3. 948)μg·min·ml-1 and (45. 301 ± 12. 275) μg·min·ml-1, respectively. The AUC of HAI group was 1. 67 times higher than that of the HAI?THCO group (P =0. 014). Conclusions HAI?THCO is a simple and effective regional hepatic infusion chemotherapy technique. It can be performed through occluding the common hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein by balloon catheter. HAI?THCO can not only increase the blood drug concentration in the hepatic circulation, but also decrease the blood drug concentration in the systemic circulation, therefore, distinctly lowering the systemic toxicity.

Objective To explore the advantages, feasibility and limitations of hepatic arterial infusion under temporary hepatic circulation occlusion. Methods Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: hepatic artery infusion group ( HAI group ) and hepatic artery infusion under temporary hepatic circulation occlusion group (HAI?THCO). Microcatheters were separately inserted into the proper hepatic artery and right hepatic vein. For the HAI group, 5?Fu (10 mg/ml and 100 mg/kg) was infused into the common hepatic artery with a high pressure injector for 10 minutes. For the HAI?THCO group, the common hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein were temporarily occluded for 15 minutes using artery clamp when 5?Fu was being infused. For the two groups, at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after the start of infusion, blood samples of the hepatic flow were collected from the right hepatic vein and of the systemic blood flow from the inferior vena cava, 1 ml at each time point. The blood drug concentration of these blood samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Except that at 20 and 30 min after infusion, in the HAI group, the blood drug concentration of hepatic circulation was significantly higher than that of systemic circulation (P<0. 05). But in the HAI?THCO group, the blood drug concentration of hepatic circulation was significantly higher than that of systemic circulation at all the time points (P <0. 05). The hepatic circulation blood drug level of the HAI?THCO group was always significantly higher than that of the HAI group (P < 0. 05), but the systemic circulation blood drug concentration of the HAI?THCO group was always lower (P <0. 05). The hepatic circulation maximum concentration (Cmax) of blood drug concentration of the HAI?THCO and HAI groups was (23. 057 ± 3. 270)μg/ml and (4. 408 ± 1. 092)μg/ml, respectively, and the Cmax of HAI?THCO group was significantly higher (P<0. 001), being 5. 23 times of that of HAI group. The systemic circulation Cmax of the two groups was (1. 456 ± 0. 217) μg/ml and (2. 335 ± 0. 669) μg/ml, respectively, and the Cmax of HAI group was 1. 60 times higher than that of the HAI?THCO group (P=0. 022). The hepatic circulation AUC of HAI?THCO and HAI groups was (368. 927 ± 52. 416)μg·min·ml-1 and (65. 630 ± 14. 928)μg·min·ml-1, respectively. The AUC of HAI?THCO group was 5. 62 times higher than that of the HAI group (P<0. 001). The systemic circulation AUC of the two groups was (27. 193 ± 3. 948)μg·min·ml-1 and (45. 301 ± 12. 275) μg·min·ml-1, respectively. The AUC of HAI group was 1. 67 times higher than that of the HAI?THCO group (P =0. 014). Conclusions HAI?THCO is a simple and effective regional hepatic infusion chemotherapy technique. It can be performed through occluding the common hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein by balloon catheter. HAI?THCO can not only increase the blood drug concentration in the hepatic circulation, but also decrease the blood drug concentration in the systemic circulation, therefore, distinctly lowering the systemic toxicity.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in treating inflammatory(Type IIIA) chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS-IIIA type).

METHODSSixty-four patients with diagnosed CP/CPPS-IIIA were randomized equally into two groups, Group A treated with celecoxib 200 mg daily(qd), while Group B with 200 mg twice a day(bid), both for 6 weeks. The white blood cell (WBC) count in expressed prostate secretion(EPS) and National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI) were assessed and compared at baseline(0 week) and at 2, 4, 6 weeks or the endpoint.

RESULTSThe mean number of WBC in EPS and the mean NIH-CPSI total scores were decreased gradually after treatment from baseline in both groups. The mean number of WBC of in EPS of either group at the endpoint was decreased by 46.2% and 69.4% respectively(Group A vs Group B) compared with the baseline level. The mean NIH-CPSI total scores of the two groups were decreased respectively by 5.6 and 8.3 points (Group A vs Group B). In terms of the above two parameters, Group B, responded better than Group A to the treatment. The differences observed above were statistically significant(all P < 0.05). No serious adverse event presented.

CONCLUSIONCelecoxib is effective and safe for patients with CP/CPPS(IIIA). The dosage of 200 mg twice a day is more efficacious than that of 200 mg daily.

Adult ; Celecoxib ; Chronic Disease ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; Pyrazoles ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use