Objective:To explore the application of GLTC (goodwill, listening, talking, and cooperation) doctor-patient communication mode combined with case-oriented teaching in prosthodontics practice teaching.Methods:Thirty undergraduates majoring in stomatology who practiced in West China/Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from July 2019 to July 2020 were selected and randomly divided into the control group ( n=15) and the observation group ( n=15). The control group used the case-oriented teaching, and the observation group adopted the GLTC doctor-patient communication mode combined with the case-oriented teaching. The performance of clinical practice (theoretical performance, medical record analysis performance, operation performance, lecture performance), interns' doctor-patient communication ability, and interns' teaching subjective evaluation of the two groups were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The theoretical performance, medical record analysis performance, operation performance, and lecture performance of the interns in the observation group were better than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). The score of Liverpool doctor communication ability evaluation scale in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). In the subjective evaluation of the teaching mode of the interns, the improvement of learning interest, collective awareness, language expression ability, comprehensive analysis ability, and clinical operation ability in the observation group were better than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The GLTC doctor-patient communication model combined with the case-oriented teaching method is effective in prosthodontics practice teaching, which can effectively improve the professional knowledge and skills of interns and improve their teaching satisfaction and doctor-patient communication ability.

BACKGROUND:Due to the mechanical properties,unstable drug release,single function and other problems of pure hydrogel materials,in recent years,researchers have prepared a variety of metal organic frameworks-based hydrogel materials by introducing metal organic frameworks into hydrogel,and showed great potential in the field of soft and hard tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To classify the metal organic frameworks-based hydrogel materials based on how metal organic frameworks enhance the properties of hydrogel and further summarize its recent research in the field of soft and hard tissue regeneration,in order to provide ideas and theoretical supports for the subsequent in-depth research on synthesis mechanism and clinical application of the composite material. METHODS:Using"metal organic frameworks,hydrogels,tissue engineering,tissue,bone regeneration,bone,wound"as English and Chinese search terms,we searched Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,and Wanfang databases.The search period ranged from January 2000 to August 2023.By reading the titles and abstracts,the repetitive studies and unrelated literature of Chinese and English literature were excluded.After the literature quality evaluation,73 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metal organic frameworks-based hydrogel materials effectively solve the problems of poor mechanical properties,unstable drug release and single function of pure hydrogel.(2)Metal organic frameworks enhance the capacity of repair and regeneration by strengthening the cross-linking of hydrogel,the drug delivery capacity of hydrogel and the multifunction of hydrogel.(3)In terms of hard tissue repair,it has shown good repair effects in animal models of diseases such as bone defects,osteoarthritis,and cartilage defects,suggesting potential application prospects in clinical repair.(4)In terms of soft tissue regeneration,it has the capacities of hemostasis,antibacterial,inflammatory state regulation,oxidative stress state regulation,promoting angiogenesis and other functions,effectively improving the microenvironment of various complex wounds and promoting soft tissue regeneration.(5)Although metal organic frameworks-based hydrogels have many excellent properties,they are still in the initial stage and there are some urgent problems to be solved in the process of clinical transformation,such as the cytotoxicity of metal organic frameworks and large-scale synthesis of metal organic frameworks.(6)With further research,metal organic frameworks-based hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of soft and hard tissue repair.

BACKGROUND:Magnetically responsive hydrogels have great advantages in bone tissue engineering,which is more conducive to the minimally invasive and efficient promotion of osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To review the application advances of magnetically responsive hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,WanFang and CNKI databases were used to search relevant literature.The English search terms were"Magnetic Hydrogels,Magnetic Nanoparticles,Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles,Fe3O4,SPIONs,Magnetic Fields,Bone Regeneration,Bone Repair,Bone Tissue Engineering".The Chinese search terms were"Magnetic Hydrogel,Magnetic Nanoparticles,Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles,Magnetic Field,Iron Oxide Nanoparticles,Bone Regeneration,Bone Reconstruction,Bone Repair,Bone Tissue Engineering".After preliminary screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,60 articles were finally retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In recent years,due to the emergence of magnetic nanoparticles,more and more magnetic responsive scaffold materials have been developed.Among them,magnetic responsive hydrogels containing iron oxide nanoparticles and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have outstanding mechanical properties and good biocompatibility.It can quickly respond to the external magnetic field and provide the magnetic-mechanical signals needed for seed cells to form bone.(2)Magnetic-responsive hydrogel can be used as a carrier to accurately regulate the release time of growth factors.(3)Under the three-dimensional microenvironment culture platform based on magnetically responsive hydrogel,the magnetic force at the interface between the magnetic response hydrogel and cells can activate cell surface sensitive receptors,enhance cell activity,and promote the integration of new bone and host bone.(4)The injectable magnetically responsive hydrogel can be used in the field of magnetic hyperthermia and biological imaging of bone tumors.(5)At present,magnetically responsive hydrogels are expected to mimic the anisotropic layered structure observed in natural bone tissue.However,most of the studies on magnetically responsive hydrogels focus on in vitro studies,and the mechanism of interaction between magnetically responsive hydrogels and the local microenvironment in vivo is still insufficient.(6)Therefore,based on the successful application of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging,it is expected to optimize the properties of magnetic nanoparticles in the future to construct magnetic responsive hydrogels with suitable degradation properties,mechanical properties,and vascular functionalization,which can monitor changes in vivo in real time.

BACKGROUND:Trauma,inflammation,tumors,and other factors commonly result in tissue defects,including damage to bones,joints,skeletal muscles,and associated blood vessels and nerves.Clinically,it is often challenging to repair all the functional injuries involving these tissues,posing great challenges for clinical treatment. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the application of 3D-printed hydrogel biomimetic structures in motor system tissue injuries. METHODS:Relevant literature published from 2003 to 2023 was retrieved from the CNKI,Wanfang Data,and PubMed databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"3D printing,hydrogel,bone,cartilage,muscle,nerve,vasculature,tissue engineering,biomimetics".After screening,induction and summary,63 relevant articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)3D-printed hydrogels can be achieved in several different ways,such as direct 3D printing,hybrid mode 3D printing,or manufacturing 3D bio-inspired structures in hydrogels by printing intermediate molds.Among these manufacturing processes,extrusion-based printing is currently the most widely used for 3D printing hydrogels with bio-inspired structures.(2)Bioprinting hydrogels enables the production of biovascular structures with complex perfusion patterns,and it can induce the formation of biologically relevant,highly organized,and intact blood vessels.(3)By utilizing bioprinting technology,it is possible to mimic the hierarchical structure and function of natural bone,combining hydrogels with different types of cells and growth factors to create tissue engineering scaffolds that closely resemble the composition and structure of natural bone,thereby facilitating better bone regeneration.(4)Neural fiber structure can be bio-inspired by incorporating different fiber materials into the 3D-printed hydrogel conduit structure.(5)Utilizing specific hydrogel formulations,it is possible to simulate muscle bundle structures or engineer muscle tissues integrating blood vessels and nerves,which can enhance the repair of volumetric muscle injuries in vivo.(6)Based on current related research,methacrylated gelatin,which closely resembles the characteristics of the extracellular matrix,is often considered as a raw material for 3D printing various tissue bio-inspired structures.Researchers also incorporate different growth factors or cells into the hydrogels for bioprinting to achieve the desired tissue repair outcomes.(7)Although there is a lack of clinical trial reports on 3D-printed hydrogel bio-inspired structures,this indicates that the clinical translation of such materials still requires a long-term process.Further improvements are needed in terms of clinical applications,as well as comprehensive in vivo safety assessments.