Objective To measure the expression of CD80 and CD86 in renal tissue of lupus nephritis (LN) and explore its mechanism in the development of LN.Methods Forty-nine patients with active LN and 9 patients with minor glomerular abnormalities tissues as controls were studied.The expression of CD80, and CD86 in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemical methods.Results CD86 was expressed extensively in glomerulus, periglomerular area, tubular epithelial cells and peritubular interstitium, while CD80 was expressed only in tubular epithelial cells and peritubular interstitium.Moreover, the percentage of CD+80 and CD+86 cells in tubular epithelial cells and peritubular interstitium showed a tendency to increase with tubulointerstitial damage.The expression of CD80 and CD86 in renal tissue correlated with the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity index score, the degree of proteinuria, creatinine clearance and anti- dsDNA antibody.Conclusions This study shows that increased CD80 and CD86 expression with the progression of tubulointerstitial lesion might play an important role in the development of lupus nephropathy, and the tubulointerstitial expression of CD80 and CD86 could potentially serve as a surrogate marker of SLE disease activity.The co-stimulatory molecules CDg, and CD86 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of LN.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcers in hospital settings, there are concerns that PPIs increase the risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, little is known about the risk of CDI following PPI and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use. We evaluated the comparative hospital-acquired CDI occurrence risk associated with the concurrent use of PPIs versus H2RAs. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE/Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar through August 19, 2016, identified 12 studies that reported the hospital-acquired CDI occurrence following H2RA and PPI use for the prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcers. Random-effects pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Heterogeneity was measured using I², and a meta-regression analysis was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the overall quality of the evidence. RESULTS: A total of 74,132 patients from 12 observational studies were analyzed. Compared to H2RAs, PPIs increased the risk of CDI by 38.6% (pooled odds ratio, 1.386; 95% confidence interval, 1.152 to 1.668; p=0.001; I²=42.81%). Subgroup analyses of the purpose of study medication use, study site, and study design confirmed the consistency of a greater CDI risk with PPIs than with H2RAs. The overall quality of evidence was rated as low. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PPIs for both the prevention and treatment of stress ulcers was associated with a 38.6% increased risk of hospital-acquired CDI occurrence compared to H2RA use.
Clostridium difficile* ; Clostridium* ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Nursing ; Odds Ratio ; Population Characteristics ; Proton Pump Inhibitors* ; Proton Pumps* ; Protons* ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer*

PURPOSE: Little is known regarding the extent to which dying patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive life-sustaining procedures and palliative care in U.S. hospitals. We examine hospital cost trends and the impact of palliative care utilization on the use of life-sustaining procedures in this population. METHODS: Retrospective nationwide cohort analysis was performed using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2005 and 2014. We examined the receipt of both palliative care and intensive medical procedures, defined as systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, or surgeries using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM). RESULTS: We used compound annual growth rates (CAGR) to determine temporal trends and multilevel multivariate regressions to identify factors associated with hospital cost. Among 77,394,755 hospitalizations, 79,314 patients were examined. The CAGR of hospital cost was 5.83% (P < 0.001). The CAGRs of systemic procedures and palliative care were 5.98% and 19.89% respectively (each P < 0.001). Systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, and surgeries were associated with increased hospital cost by 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%, respectively (each P < 0.001). Palliative care was associated with decreased hospital cost by 28.71% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The volume of systemic procedures is the biggest driver of cost increase although there is a cost-saving effect from greater palliative care utilization.
Cohort Studies ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Health Policy ; Hospital Costs ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; International Classification of Diseases ; Interrupted Time Series Analysis ; Palliative Care* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Retrospective Studies

Objective : To investigate the effects of casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) on the osteogenic differentiation ability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods : The hPDLSCs were obtained by primary culture with periodontal ligament tissues that were collected from normal humans. Then, a lentiviral vector containing a CKIP-1-specific siRNA sequence was constructed, and the transcriptional level of CKIP-1 in hPDLSCs was downregulated after vector infection. The P4 cells were divided into four groups: the control group, negative control group (infected with a control vector), CKIP-siRNA group (infected by a CKIP-1 siRNA lentivirus) and CKIP-1 group (infected by a CKIP-1 overexpression virus). All of the cells were cultured under osteogenic induction for 21 days. Then, alizarin red staining and quantitative determination were performed to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of the hPDLSCs. In addition, qPCR was used to detect the transcriptional level of osteogenesis-related regulatory factors, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and the osteogenesis-related regulatory factors of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. Results: There were no differences in the indexes between the negative control group and the control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the CKIP-siRNA group demonstrated more mineralized nodules (P < 0.05), significantly increased calcium salt deposition (P < 0.05), and increased mRNA levels of osteogenesis-related regulatory factors, such as Runx2 , ALP, OCN, and RANKL, and the osteogenesis-related regulatory factors of BMP signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Conclusion Downregulation of CKIP-1 could promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, which is related to the transcription level of osteogenic-related regulatory factors.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for strengthening the standardized management of off-label drug use in cancer hospitals. METHODS The evaluation system for off-label drug use was established to standardize the application， approval， and filing process for off-label drug use in our hospital. The changes in off-label drug application quantity， proportion， disease category and drug category in our hospital were compared before （October 1st， 2021-September 30th， 2022） and after （October 1st， 2022- September 30th， 2023） the establishment of the evaluation system； drug items supported by high-level evidence screened by pharmacy department were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The number of off-label drug use applications in our hospital had gradually increased， from 306 pieces in the fourth quarter of 2021 to 3 828 pieces in the third quarter of 2023. In the year before the construction of the evaluation system， there were a total of 4 482 applications for off-label drug use， and in the year after the construction of the evaluation system， there were 11 840 applications for off-label drug use. After the construction of the evaluation system， the proportion of unregistered off-label drug use significantly decreased， compared to the same period last year （P＜0.05）. Among them， there were no unregistered applications for off-label drug use for digestive system tumors， head and neck tumors， and radioactive drugs； lymphoma， breast tumors，urogenital system tumors， cytotoxic drugs and new anti-tumor drugs all had a decrease of over 70% in unregistered off-label drug applications. Twenty-seven off-label drug use items related to 19 drugs supported by high-level evidence were screened by the pharmacy department of our hospital， among which 25 items were drug use beyond indication. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of off-label drug use evaluation system in cancer hospital is helpful to the rational use and refined management of clinical anti-tumor drugs.