Objective To explore the characteristics of illness attribution of outpatients with multiple somatic symptoms in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to October,2012. A total of 150 outpatients were recruited from the departments of Gastroenterology,Traditional Chinese Medicine and Psychological Medicine by convenience sampling. Somatic symptom scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) was used to screening each patient in the waiting list. With the cut-off value of 10,patients were divided into the somatic symptom positive (SOM+) group and somatic symptom negative (SOM-) group. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between these two groups. All the subjects completed interviews including questions about illness attribution. All the answers of illness attribution were concluded into three major groups as physical factors,situational factors and psychological factors. Results The proportion of female was significantly higher in SOM+ group than in SOM-group (69.3% vs. 53.3%;χ=4.048,P=0.044). In SOM+ group,significantly more patients contributed their illness to psychological factors (64.0% vs. 45.0%;χ=5.273,P=0.022). There was no significantly difference between SOM+ group and SOM-group on the phenomenon of multiple illness attribution (41.0% vs. 32.0%;χ=1.407,P=0.236). However,in the Department of Gastroenterology,there were significantly more outpatients in SOM+ group with multiple illness attribution (60.0% vs. 32.0%;χ=3.945,P=0.047).Conclusions The outpatients in general hospital with multiple somatic symptoms are more likely to contribute their illness to psychological factors. The phenomenon of multiple illness attribution is common among patients. Clinicians should increase their awareness and knowledge of illness attribution,so as to provide better holistic health services.