Objective To evaluate and characterize tinnitus patients, and provide profiles for further studying tinnitus.Methods This study included 2 171 tinnitus patients seeking treatment between Janurary 2014 and December 2015 from department of head and neck surgery,Sun Yixian Memorial Hospital,Zhongshan University.Tinnitus measurements consisted of pure tone audiometry and tinnitus matching procedures.The characteristics of tinnitus were analyzed by the essential information and auditory checks of the patients.Results Average age was 44.08±15.37 years old.Tinnitus frequently occurred between 41 to 50 years old(491 cases,22.60%).Unilateral tinnitus was more than bilateral tinnitus, while the cranial tinnitus was rare.The patients with mild or moderate tinnitus had the largest population,with higher average hearing threshold at 8 000 Hz in tinnitus ear than non tinnitus ear.The highest frequency of tinnitus matching frequency was high frequency(4~8 kHz).The first three causes for tinnitus were unknown reasons,sudden deafness and middle ear disease.Conclusion Larger population was subjective tinnitus.Tinnitus was closely related with hearing loss.The causes for tinnitus were complex.Tinnitus retraining therapy is a treatment that is worth to be popularized.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate hidden hearing loss in tinnitus patients with normal audiograms by means of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and explore the origin of tinnitus. METHOD: Pure tone thresholds, ABR thresholds, amplitude of wave I and wave V of ABR were analyzed in 40 tinnitus patients and 15 controls. RESULT: There was no significantly difference in pure tone thresholds and ABR thresholds between those tinnitus patients and controls while a reduced amplitude of wave I and normal amplitude of wave V of ABR in the tinnitus patients became evident. CONCLUSION Tinnitus patients with normal audiograms have hidden hearing loss at the level of primary auditory nerve and the generation of tinnitus is likely attributed to a homeostatic response of neurons in brainstem.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Case-Control Studies ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective:To observe the effect of berberine on leukemia drug-resistant cell strain K562/A02 to Adriamycin resistance and protein kinase C-alpha (PRKCA) and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:The leukemia K562 cells of human chronic myeloid and Adriamycin resistant strain K562/A02 were cultured in vitro with 2.5-50.0 μmol/L doxorubicin to treat thoese cells and drug resistance of K562 and K562/A02 to Adriamycin was detected, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of the drug was calculatedthe resistance of K562 and K562/A02 to doxorubicin was detectd , and, K562/A02 cells were treated with doxorubicin solution at a final concentration of 5 μmol/L, and K562/A02 cells were divided into control group, inhibitor group (50 μmol/L PRKCA inhibitor), low dose berberine group, medium dose berberine group and high dose berberine group. Cell counting (CCK-8) method was used to detect the inhibition rate of cell proliferation, the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay detects PRKCA, MRP, multidrug resistance related genes (MDR1) levels, and the protein expressions of protein kinase C-α (PRKCA), multidrug resistance related protein (MRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected by Western blotting. Results:The IC 50 concentration of K562/A02 to Adriamycin was significantly higher than K562. Compared with the control group, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation and the apoptosis rate in the inhibitor group, low-dose berberine group, medium-dose berberine group, and high-dose berberine group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), the expression of PRKCA mRNA (0.45±0.08, 0.92±0.10, 0.57±0.05, 0.35±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.12), MDR1 gene (0.73±0.08, 0.87±0.09, 0.65±0.07, 0.41±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.11) and PRKCA (0.59±0.09, 0.78±0.12, 0.61±0.11, 0.42±0.07 vs. 0.96±0.14), MRP (0.62±0.08, 0.79±0.13, 0.62±0.10, 0.41±0.06 vs. 0.98±0.14), P-gp (0.55±0.08, 0.75±0.12, 0.59±0.09, 0.35±0.06 vs. 0.92±0.15) were significantly reduced ( P<0.05), and berberine was dose-dependent ( P<0.05); Overexpression of PRKCA can inhibit the effect of berberine on reversing the drug resistance of K562/A02 cells. Conclusion:Berberine may reverse the drug resistance of K562/A02 to Adriamycin by down-regulating PRKCA.

OBJECTIVE To explor e the characteristics of spectral oscillatory power of resting-state electroencephalography(EEG) in subjective tinnitus patients and to lay the foundation for study of central mechanism of tinnitus.METHODS 31 subjects(15 subjects with subjective tinnitus and 16 age matching healthy subjects) underwent a 128-channel resting-state EEG analyses. After a series of preprocessing, data were segmented into 8 frequency bands, including δ(0.5～3.5 Hz), θ(4～7.5 Hz), α1(8～10 Hz), α2(10～12 Hz), β1(13～18 Hz), β2(18.5～21 Hz), β3(21.5～30 Hz) and γ(30.5～44 Hz). The group differences of spectral power were analyzed by independent t test. Correlation between spectral power of each frequency band and tinnitus subjective symptoms were also analyzed. RESULTS Significant higher spectral power of the α1, β and γ bandwere found in the left and right temporal areas of tinnitus group compared with that of normal group.Tinnitus subjects also had higher spectral powerof the δ and θ band in temporo-parietal areas than that of the normal group. There was no significant difference of spectral power in other frequency bands. Moreover, signif icant positive cor relation were found between tinnitus loudness and spectralpower of right anterior lateral(R=0.66, P =0.007) and right anterior medial(R=0.58, P =0.031) areas. CONCLUSION Tinnitus subjects have higher spectral oscillatory power on right and left temporal lobe and temporo-parietal area. A positive correlation exsit between tinnitus loudness andspectral power of right anterior lateral and medial areas in tinnitus subjects, whichindicate that central reorganizationexsit in tinnitus reorganization andγ band maybe considered as a possible biomarkerforthe tinnitus subjective symptom.