OBJECTIVEThis study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the chronic oral mucosal disease questionnaire (COMDQ).

METHODSUsing translation, back-translation, quality evaluation, cross-cultural adaptation, and pre-assessment, a Chinese version of the COMDQ was drafted. A 26-item instrument which comprised of four domains: pain and functional limitation, medications and side effects, social and emotional aspects, and patient support was designed and tested. This questionnaire was given to patients who visited our clinic. After the patients accomplished the questionnaires, we analyzed the collected data to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.

RESULTSA total of 130 patients were enrolled in our study. All the COMDQ questionnaires were completely filled out. The Chinese version of the COMDQ showed the following psychometric properties: Cronbach's alpha of 0.914, split-half reliability of 0.809, and correlation of 0.697. Factor analysis of construct validity demonstrated that the 26 items were classified into four domains, and the cumulative proportion was 67.62%. Thus, the scale had certain logical relation between the items in the same domains.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese version of the COMDQ demonstrate good reliability and validity by rigorous psychometric properties. It can be widely used to test the oral health-related quality of life of patients with oral mucosal diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the application of prophylactic antibiotics in perioperative period in hospital.METHODS Totally 2 055 cases under operation were investigated prospectively from Jun to Dec in 2005.RESULTS The rate of antibiotics usage was 99.95% among the 2 055 cases.The usage of antibiotics in aseptic wound was 99.92%,and in aseptic-contaminative and contaminative wound was all 100%;72.47% of the patients received single antibiotic treatment,25.84% and 1.12% received 2 to 3 kinds of antibiotics combined therapy respectively.The mean time of the usage of antibiotics during perioperative period was 8.16 days,and that for aseptic,aseptic-contaminative and contaminative wound was 8.1,8.2,and 8.2 days,respectively.29.65% Patients were given antibiotics in 0.5-2 hours before operation,68% were given after operation.The duration of antibiotics therapy less than 48 hours was only 3.45%.The rate of wound infection was 0.75% in patients. The rate of wound infection of aseptic,aseptic-contaminative and contaminative operations was 0.29%,1.33% and 3.42%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Application of prophylactic antibiotics during perioperative period in hospital is not reasonable.The problem is improper time that given antibiotics,improper kind of antibiotics selected and too long duration of the antibiotics therapy.It is necessary that the antibiotics administration should be standardized.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the germicidal efficacy of phthalaldehyde disinfectant.METHODS Suspension quantitative bactericidal test was used to observe its bactericidal efficacy and stability.RESULTS The temperature was 20-21℃.The results showed that the average killing rates of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans exposed to the solution containing 5 664mg/L phthalaldehyde for 1 min were 99.99%,and the(average) killing rates of spores of Bacillus subtilis var.niger exposed to the solution containing 5 664mg/L(phthalaldehyde) for 60 min and 90 min was 99.94% and 100%,respectively.When its stock solution was stored at 56℃ under airtight condition for 2 weeks,the content of phthalaldehyde decreased by 3.27%.CONCLUSIONS The phthalaldehyde disinfectant is a good and stable bactericide.

[Objective]To investigate the clinical outcomes of treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur with the improved proximal femoral nail(PFN).[Method]Between April,2002 to Mach 2005,a total of 81 cases of intertrochanteric and subtrocha nteric femoral fractures were treated with close reduction and the improved PFN.There are 45 males and 36 females,with an average age of 63.6(35 to 91).According to the Evans classification: there are 5 cases of type Ⅰ,10 cases of type Ⅱ,12 cases of type ⅢA,21 cases of type ⅢB,28 cases oftypel Ⅴ,5 cases of type against femoral peritrochanteric.[Result]Sixty-two cases were followed up for 12 to 47 months,averaged 28.6 months.Fracture union was obtained in all the patients.Of 62 cases,one case had according to Harris criterion 56 cases were excellent,(rate 90.3%) and 2 cases good(3.2%) excellent and good rate of the function of the hip joint was 93.5%.[Conclusion]The improved PFN is a useful device in the treatment of perit rochanteric fractures of the femur.It is relatively easy with less surgical trauma,it and also has the advantages of anti-rotation,stress-dispersing,rigid fixation and allowing early functional exercises.The complications can be avoided with improved operative technique.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of artificial bone (hydroxyapatite) and bone cement implantation in treating young patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head caused by different reasons. METHODS: A total of 18 patients (23 hips) with Ficat stage Ⅲ and Ⅱ avascular necrosis of the femoral head were treated with dead bone debridement, artificial bone and cement implantation in Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical College from October 2003 to July 2008. The patients were followed up for 24.6 months (ranging 3 months to 5 years). The affected hip function was evaluated by modified Merled'Aubigne Scores and X-ray. RESULTS: Mean hip scores improved significantly from 11.65 to 15.09 after surgery. Postoperative radiographs demonstrated the improved collapse and restoration of femoral head sphericity. The femoral heads of most patients remained the appearance after surgery, and the necrosis range did not enlarge. The patients were satisfactory to the treatment results. CONCLUSION: Artificial bone and cement implantation could restore head sphericity and prevent further collapse. The method can be used as an alternative for treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head at Ficat stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, especially for young patients.

Objective To investigate the regulation of T cells in the process of liver regeneration using a model of mice after 70% liver resection.Methods We performed 70% hepatectomy in T-cell-deficient mice and control mice.The liver mass and body mass ratio, BrdU infiltration level, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),expression of M phase marker protein p-HDAC3, and serum transaminase levels were measured.Results The recovery of liver mass and body mass ratio of thymus-deficient mice occurred significantly later than that of control mice.The peak time of BrdU infiltration levels and the expression of PCNA and p-HDAC3 in T-cell-deficient mice were later than in control mice, but the degree of liver injury was lower.Conclusion T cells are involved in the regulation of liver regeneration, and the absence of T cells delays the process of liver regeneration.

Objective To investigate the optimal injury time point of cardiac arrest (CA) induced electrically, and establish a reproducible prolonged CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) model in pigs. Methods Forty healthy domestic male pigs were randomly divided into four groups, which were ventricular fibrillation (VF) 8, 10, 11, and 12 minutes groups, each group for 10 animals. In these groups, VF was induced by alternating current delivered to right ventricular endocardium and untreated for 8, 10, 11, and 12 minutes, respectively, followed by 6 minutes of CPR procedure. The resuscitation and survival outcomes were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gases of animals after successful resuscitation were measured and recorded for 6 hours. Those successful resuscitation animals were regularly evaluated for the neurological deficit score (NDS) and survival outcomes every 24 hours till 96 hours after resuscitation. Results The shortest duration of CPR (minute: 6.9±1.3) and the highest successful ratio of the first defibrillation (7/10) were observed in group VF 8 minutes, and the ratio of successful resuscitation was 100%. The best coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during the CPR, less neurological impairment, longer survival time, more stable hemodynamics, and shorter time for arterial pH and lactate level restoring to the original state after CPR were also observed in group VF 8 minutes, and no severe damage was found in those animals. The longest duration of CPR (minute:10.3±2.9) and the lowest successful ratio of the first defibrillation (1/10) were observed in group VF 12 minutes, and only 4 animals achieved restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and no animal survived to CPR 96 hours. The worst CPP during CPR and the highest NDS after resuscitation were also found in VF 12 minutes animals compared to those animals in the other groups. The injuries caused by ischemia and hypoxia in groups VF 10 minutes and VF 11 minutes were in between those of the groups VF 8 minutes and VF 12 minutes, and the duration of CPR were (7.0±2.1) minutes and (8.2±2.6) minutes. There were 9 and 7 animals achieved ROSC in groups VF 10 minutes and VF 11 minutes correspondingly, and 6 and 4 animals survived to 96 hours respectively. Obviously unstable hemodynamics was observed during the period of CPR 2 hours in the two groups. At CPR 1 hour, the heart rates (HR, beats/min) in groups VF 10 minutes and VF 11 minutes increased to 172 (155, 201) and 168 (136, 196) respectively, and the mean arterial pressures (MAP, mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) declined to 97 (92, 100) and 81 (77, 100), the cardiac output (CO, L/min) decreased to 5.0 (4.0, 5.8), 3.7 (3.0, 5.4) correspondingly. Distinct injuries were found in the two groups [CPR 24-96 hours NDS in groups VF 10 minutes and VF 11 minutes: 180 (110, 255)-20 (0, 400) and 275 (223, 350)-240 (110, 400)], and the arterial pH of the two group decreased to 7.26±0.09 and 7.23±0.09 respectively, and the level of lactate (mmol/L) increased to 9.17±1.48 and 12.80±2.71 correspondingly at CPR 0.5 hour. Significantly lower pH was observed in group VF 11 minutes compared to group VF 8 minutes at CPR 0.5 hour (7.23±0.09 vs. 7.33±0.04, P < 0.05). The highest level of lactate (mmol/L) was also found at the same time point in group VF 11 minutes, which recovered to normal slowly, and was still significantly higher than groups VF 8, 10, 12 minutes (7.58±3.99 vs. 2.55±1.53, 2.13±2.00, 3.40±2.30, all P < 0.05) at CPR 4 hours. Conclusions The longer duration of CA was, the more severe damage would be, the longer CPR time would be required, and the harder of the animals to achieve ROSC. In this prolonged CA and CPR porcine model, 10-11 minutes for untreated VF, was an optimal time point with appropriate successful rate of resuscitation, survival outcomes, and post-resuscitation injuries. Therefore, we recommended 10-11 minutes might be the rational length of no-flow time in this model.

OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to determine the three-dimensional structure, course, and adjacent structure of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) to ensure safety of dental implantation by cone beam CT (CBCT).

METHODSThe CBCT images of the bilateral mandibles of 80 patients were retrospectively studied. The diameters of the mandibular incisive canal and the location in the adjacent structure were determined, including the distances between the MIC and the buccal and lingual plates of the alveolar bone, the inferior border of the mandible and the tooth apex, and the horizontal plane of the mental foramen.

RESULTSApproximately 78.75% (63 cases) of the CBCT scans showed the presence of the MIC with a mean diameter of 1.21 mm +/- 0.29 mm. The distances from the canal to the inferior border of the mandible and to the tooth apex were 7.82 mm +/- 1.86 mm and 7.24 mm +/- 2.82 mm, respectively. The distances between the canal and the buccal plate as well as between the canal and the lingual plate of the alveolar bone were 3.80 mm +/- 1.37 mm and 4.45 mm +/- 1.34 mm, respectively. The distance from the canal to the horizontal plane of the mental foramen was 5.62 mm +/- 2.21 mm.

CONCLUSIONCBCT could clearly show the three-dimensional structure, course, and adjacent structure of the MIC. Therefore, this technique could provide guidance for dental implantation in clinical applications.

It has been well established that immune surveillance plays critical roles in preventing the occurrence and progression of tumor. More and more evidence in recent years showed the host anti-tumor immune responses also play important roles in the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of cancers. Our previous study found that tumor- targeting therapy of anti-HER2/neu mAb is mediated by CD8(+) T cell responses. However, we found here that enhancement of CD8(+) T cell responses by combination therapy with IL-15R/IL-15 fusion protein or anti-CD40, which are strong stimultors for T cell responses, failed to promote the tumor therapeutic effects of anti-HER2/neu mAb. Analysis of tumor microenviornment showed that tumor tissues were heavily infiltrated with the immunosuppressive macrophages and most tumor infiltrating T cells, especially CD8(+) T cells, expressed high level of inhibitory co-signaling receptor PD-1. These data suggest that tumor microenvironment is dominated by the immunosuppressive strategies, which thwart anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, the successful tumor therapy should be the removal of inhibitory signals in the tumor microenvironment in combination with other therapeutic strategies.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; immunology