Objective To observe the level of serum hepcidin and the relationship of hepcidin with renal anemia and micro-inflammation state in peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients.Methods Serum hepcidin,interleukin-6(IL-6),soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured in 50 PD patients with anemia,30 PD patients without anemia and 40 cases of normal control by ELISA.The indexes of blood routine examination,biochemistry and iron metabolism were also detected at the same time.Results The level of hepcidin in PD patients was significantly higher than that in normal control[(103.65±43.6) μg/L vs (56.39±35.7) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Furthermore,the level of hepcidin in PD patients with anemia was higher than that in PD patients without anemia [(122.67±36.6) μg/L vs (83.65±26.4) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The results of correlation analysis showed that serum IL-6,sTfR,EPO and ferritin were positively correlated with hepcidin(R =0.821,0.742,0.711,0.531,all P ＜ 0.05),while creatinine clearance of residual kidney in 24 hours and hemoglobin were negatively correlated with hepcidin(R =-0.533,-0.685,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The higher level of hepcidin in PD patients is related with the residual renal function and the micro-inflammatory state.The higher level of hepcidin may induce the iron metabolism imbalance,and then influence the state of renal anemia.The adjustment of hepcidin may provide clinical research value of improving renal anemia and micro-inflammatory state in PD patients.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitals in Yunnan Province in 2015, and provide basis for formulating HAI control measures.Methods A cross-sectional survey on HAI prevalence rate , antimicrobial use,and pathogenic detection in 116 hospitals in Yunnan Province were conducted by combined methods of bed-side survey and medical record reviewing.Results A total of 64 386 hospitalized patients participated in the survey, the prevalence rate of HAI was 2.11%(n=1 357), and case prevalence rate was 2.29%(n=1 476).Difference in prevalence rates of HAI, antimicrobial usage rates, and pathogenic detection among hospitals of different beds were all significant(all P <0.01).The top 3 departments of HAI distribution were intensive care units(20.99%), burn departments(8.00%), and hematology departments (7.34%);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(42.68%);HAI mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria(69.28%), the major were Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Antimicrobial usage rate at the survey day was 35.62 %, bacterial detection rate in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial use was 59.56%.Conclusion The cross-sectional survey on prevalence of HAI is helpful for understanding the current status of HAI, calculation of the percentile distribution of each index can promote self-evaluation for HAI-related work in each hospital.

Human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) is an important cytokine to activate endothelial cells and can be regulated by many other cytokines. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to induce the production of human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) and IL-15 receptor (IL-15Ralpha) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The data are summarized as follows: 1. Northern blot revealed that IL-15 mRNA was up-regulated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. 2. Intracellular IL-15 protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy, whereas the expression of IL-15 on the surface of HUVECs was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and no detectable IL-15 in the medium was verified by ELISA. 3. IL-15Ralpha was detected on the surface of HUVECs by FACS after IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulation, whereas Western blotting revealed that the elevated expression on surface IL-15Ralpha was not due to the increased protein expression. The conclusion demonstrated from our results is that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha play an important role in regulating the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha on the surface of HUVECs.

One hundred and twenty one patients on maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD) from Januaury 2004 to Januaury 2009 in our hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and causes of disease were documented, the survival probability was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox regression model. The median follow-up duration was 28. 9 months. The 1,3, 5-year survival rates were 93. 0% , 66. 5% and 45. 8% respectively. By Kaplan-Meirie analysis, cardiovascular disease (x2 =6. 582, P =0. 010) , age of starting dialysis (x2= 12.439, P= 0.002), urea clearance index Kt/V ( x2 =7.633, P=0.006) and albumin levels ( x2 = 4.512, P= 0.034) were closely related to prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed Kt/V, cardiovascular disease and age of starting dialysis were independent prognostic factors ( relative risk were 3. 204, 2. 994, 2. 543 respectively).

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing breast masses and its coherence with immunohistochemical (IHC) examination results of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2 protein between pre-and post-chemotherapy in invasive breast cancer. Methods The results of 516 CNB cases from June, 2005 to April, 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The pathological examination was performed by two pathologists independently. Results 484 cases of malignant tumor, carcinoma in situ and phyllodes tumor were found in this group with the sensitivity of 96.7%. Sixteen cases of false negative (3. 3% ) were demonstrated by surgical biopsy. The accurate rate of CNB was not influenced by the maximum diameter of masses ( P = O. 423 ). The agreement rate of IHC results of ER, PgR and Her2 between pre- and post-chemotherapy were 90. 3%, 76. 8% and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion CNB is a useful diagnostic method with a satisfactory accuracy in any size of breast masses. Given the histological heterogeneity of invasive breast cancer and the influence of ehemotherapy, the coherence of prechemotherapy IHC for ER, PgR and Her2 is not optimal with that of post-chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the effect of adriamycin on the characteristics of colony derived from human adrenal cortical carcinoma cells (ACC) SW-13.Methods Treatment with Adriamycin (ADM) was used in BALB/c-nude mouse tumor xenograft model established using the ACC cell line SW-13.The characteristic of colony was assessed for the formation rates,the percentagc of three colony types and growth curve of single cell.Hoechst33342 dyeing test was used to test drug resistance.Results The Single-cell colony formation rate of experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the holoclone percentage of experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the Hoechst33342 dyeing tcst,the fluorescence intensity of control was higher than experimental group.Conclusion The treatment of ADM in vivo is beneficial for the colony formations of ACC cell and the formations rate of holoclone,and can improve the ability of drug resistance of ACC cell SW-13.

Objective To compare the accuracy and clinical effect between X-ray stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy (SVAB) and metal wire guided lumpectony.Methods From January 2010 to June 2014,681 cases of breast micro-calcification biopsy were performed.Among them,78 cases were performed with SVAB and 603 eases were performed with the method of stereotaetic metal wire guided lumpectomy.All cases were non-palpable breast lesions (NPBLs) and breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment categories 4.The diagnostic accuracy and clinical effect were compared.Results The sensitivity of both methods was 100 ％ with no misdiagnosis.The underestimation rate of SVAB was 12.5 ％.Compared with the method of metal wire guided lumpectomy,SVAB had many advantages,such as easy to use,quickly performed,low rate of local deformation and lower rate of operative complications.77.5 ％ patients benefited from SVAB by avoiding open surgery of benign disease.Conclusions SVAB is an accurate,safe and convenient method of biopsy.It can be recommended as the preferred method of micro-calcification (BI-RADS 4).Additional operation should be performed on patients with the pathological diagnosis of middle and high grade of dysplasia and any kind of carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases in adults.Methods:The clinical data of 59 patients with Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai from January 2017 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) and lymphoma in patients were compared. Patients were divided into acute course group (IM) and chronic course group (CAEBV+ lymphoma), and the results of labratory indications (blood rontine, liver function, imflammatory indications, Epstein-Barr virus DNA, Epstein-Barr virus antibody and T lymphocyte) were compared between two groups. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test. Results:Among the 59 patients, 23 cases (39.0%) were diagnosed with IM, 23 cases (39.0%) were lymphoma and 13 cases (22.0%) were CAEBV. The clinical manifestations of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases were fever (57/59, 96.6%), lymphadenopathy (37/59, 62.7%) and splenomegaly (36/59, 61.0%). There were 17 patients in the chronic course group experienced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The white blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and platelet counts of patients in the chronic course group (4.07(1.94, 8.35)×10 9/L, 89.5(74.5, 108.0) g/L and 100(37, 161)×10 9/L, respectively) were all lower than those in the acute course group (9.91(6.75, 17.38)×10 9/L, 132.5(118.2, 152.0) g/L and 197(129, 233)×10 9/L, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( U=3.69, 5.22 and 3.61, respectively, all P<0.01). The levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and serum ferritin in the chronic course group (0.45(0.15, 1.13) μg/L, 47.75(17.57, 84.67) mg/L and 2 000(682, 2 002) μg/L, respectively) were all higher than those in the acute course group (0.12(0.07, 0.28) μg/L, 6.39(3.13, 11.38) mg/L and 482(159, 1 271) μg/L, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( U=-2.95, -3.77 and -4.16, respectively, all P<0.01). The counts of CD4 + T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, CD19 + B lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the chronic course group (259.15(101.98, 509.26), 214.69(119.31, 529.47), 46.14(4.44, 135.87) and 81.09(41.53, 118.46)/μL, respectively) were all lower than those in the acute course group (738.88(592.20, 893.94), 1 609.17(920.88, 3 952.34), 144.52(83.65, 215.14) and 309.82(123.78, 590.68)/μL, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( U=3.66, 3.80, 2.90 and 3.40, respectively, all P<0.01), while the CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes ratio in the chronic course group was higher (0.90(0.60, 1.70) vs 0.45(0.10, 1.28))( U=-2.29, P=0.02). Twenty-three patients with IM were all cured, while 10 patients with lymphoma died and 13 received chemotherapy. Seven patients with CAEBV died and six improved. Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases in adults are fever, lymphadenectasis, splenomegaly.Chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection may be associated with HLH. The prognosis of adults with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection is good, while that of long-term chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection is poor.

Spinosad represents a new class of insecticides produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa. To understand the transcription of the spinosad biosynthetic gene cluster, two promoter detection plasmids based on different reporter genes were constructed and used to detect 9 promoters in the spinosad biosynthetic gene cluster. In addition, the temporal transcriptional profiles of the corresponding genes controlled by the 9 promoters, together with 4 genes outside of the spinosad cluster but are required for the synthesis of sugars in spinosad, were examined by real-time PCR. The results indicate that the 9 spinosad biosynthetic genes were highly expressed at the stationary phase, which coincides with the accumulation of spinosad in the fermentation broth. Of particular note is that the transcription of the 4 sugar synthetic genes showed higher level at the exponential phase, suggesting the expression of sugar synthetic genes is not correlated with the spinosad synthetic genes. The data suggest that spinosad biosynthesis could be improved by engineering the expression pattern of the sugar synthetic genes that lie outside the spinosad gene cluster.
Drug Combinations ; Insecticides ; metabolism ; Macrolides ; metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saccharopolyspora ; genetics ; metabolism

The use of opioid analgesics has a long history in clinical settings, although the functions of opioid receptors, especially their role in the brain, are not well understood yet. Recent studies have generated abundant new data on opioid receptor-mediated functions and the underlying mechanisms. The most exciting finding in the past decade is probably the neuroprotection against hypoxic/ischemic stress mediated by delta-opioid receptors (DOR). An up-regulation of DOR expression and the release of endogenous opioids may increase neuronal tolerance to hypoxic/ischemic stress. The DOR signal triggers, depending on stress duration and severity, different mechanisms at multiple levels to preserve neuronal survival, including the stabilization of ionic homeostasis, an increase in pro-survival signaling (e.g., PKC-ERK-Bcl 2) and the enhanced anti-oxidative capacity. Recent data on DOR-mediated neuroprotection provide us a new concept of neuroprotection against neurological disorders and have a potentially significant impact on the prevention and treatment of some serious neurological conditions, such as stroke.
Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid, delta ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction