Objective To evaluate the expression of Integrin α2β1 in serum of osteosarcoma patients and to investigate the effect of Integrin α2β1 on metastasis of osteosarcoma. Methods Sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was applied to test Integrin α2β1 in serum of 26 healthy controls (male 16, female 10; age 18-32, average age 23.54±3.82) and 43 osteosarcoma patients (male 28, female 15;age 8-47,average age 18.42±9.10)before and after the surgery and the chemotherapy. The patients included osteoprogenitor cells type in 24 cases, fibroblast type in 9 cases, chondroblast type in 7 cases, and other types in 3cases; with Enneking stage ⅡA in 13 cases, stage ⅡB in 26 cases, stage Ⅲ in 4 cases. Among them, 22 patients receive the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. After that, we compared the data of different groups. At the same time, in accordance with tumor size, position, clinical stage, histology grade and metastasis situation to categorize groups compared among the groups of serum Integrin α2β1 differences in order to explore its relationship with patients' prognosis and metastasis. Results The Integrin α2β1 of osteosarcoma patients in blood before the surgery was expressed highly. It was significantly higher than the control group. The expression before surgery had significant correlation with osteosarcoma Enneking clinical stages, tumor size and metastasis. And it was independent of tumor position and Dahlin histology grade. The expression of Integrin α2β1 in blood of the osteosarcoma patients after limb salvage surgery decreased significantly. And the expression of Integrin α2β1 in blood of patients receiving new adjuvant chemotherapy was significant differences before and after the chemotherapy. Conclusion The expression of Integrin α2β1 has positive correlation with the occurrence, development and metastasis of the osteosarcoma. It is probably a new biological indicator for diagnosis and estimating prognosis of osteosarcoma. Simultaneously surgery and new adjuvant chemotherapy are still effective methods to treat osteosarcoma.

The early diagnosis , the prediction of recurrence and metastasis of osteosarcoma and avoiding chemotherapy resist -ance play a key role in the therapeutic areas of osteosarcoma .DNA methylation is the main reason of activation of oncogene and inacti-vation of tumor suppressor gene .It has been proven that the methylation of multiple genes is closely related to clinical indicators and targeted therapy of osteosarcoma .It is expected that DNA methylation can be used for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of osteosarco -ma.In this paper, the relationship between DNA methylation and osteosarcoma is reviewed .

Temporal and spatial expressions of ?-catenin investigated in the hair follicle and epidermis of the hoof periphery in bovine embryonic development. IHC (immunohistochemical method) was applied to qualitatively detect the temporal and spatial expressions of ?-catenin. ?-catenin was detected in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, placode, hair bud in early phase(E68～93),and expressed strongly in epidermal basal layer, placode, and hair bud, in suprabasal expressed less strongly; in metaphase(E94～184), ?-catenin was detected in epidermis, hair peg, and in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, hair follicle bulge, inner root sheath, outer root sheath, follicular infundibulum expressed less strongly; in late phase(E184～225), ?-catenin expressed weakly in epidermal basal layers, while expressed strongly in epidermal keratinocytes. The result suggested that ?-catenin plays an important role in hair follicle morphogenesis in the periphery of bovine hoof in bovine embryos.

Osteosarcoma is the most common aggressive malignancy of bone.Recent studies have discovered that exosomes can mediate intercellular transfer of biologically active molecules such as RNAs, dsDNA, and miRNAs.The specific membrane struc-ture and contents of exosomes are widely engaged into the exchange of material and information among tumor cells, which play an im-portant role in regulating the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma, mediating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-βsignaling and inducing tumor cell immune escape.Exosomes derived from osteosarcoma cells with antigen-presenting cells cause significant anti-tumor effect by activating the immune response.Research on exosomes has therefore opened up a new avenue for treatment of osteosar-coma.In this article we review the role of exosomes in pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and its potential application on diagnosis and treat-ment of osteosarcoma.

Ewing's sarcoma is a kind of bone and soft tissue tumor which is highly invasive and mainly occurres in children and adolescents.In recent years,combined chemotherapy,surgery and radiation therapy in treatment of Ewing's sarcoma,patients' prognosis and life quality have been significantly improved.However,over the past 20 years,the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma entered the platform period.The 5-year overall survival rate remained at 55％-75％.Multiple metastasis and recurrence are the main factors of poor prognosis and death.Chemotherapy,radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapy are still the main methods for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.The side effects,drug resistance and the use of the combination regimen of antitumor drugs have been plaguing the clinical workers.In order to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce the toxic side effects,Multi-disciplinary and multi-center clinical studies on Ewing's sarcoma patients who suffered from local control or recurrence have been launched by Domestic and European and American countries.As an important supplementary mean for the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma,patients often appear a series of complications after radiotherapy,including the risk of local damage or secondary tumors.Therefore,it is necessary to further clarify the indications of radiotherapy and the timing of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy.The specific chromosome translocation and the expression of the fusion gene EWS/FLI 1 have been found in Ewing sarcoma.Nevertheless,the mechanisms that drive tumor relapse and metastasis remain unknown.Molecular targeted therapy can be used to inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by regulating the upstream or downstream target genes of EWS/ FLI1.In conclusion understanding of the current treatment status of Ewing's sarcoma,results of multi-center clinical trials and theory of genomics research will contribute to the design of new biological therapies so as to establish individualized treatment modalities.In this paper,we present a review on the progress of Ewing sarcoma chemotherapy,radiotherapy,molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

Objective High expression of multi-resistant transporter ATP-binding cassette super family G member 2 (ABCG2) is a major cause of drug resistance and chemotherapeutic failure of cancer .This study was to investigate the significance of ABCG2 expression in adrenocortical cancer cells after cyclophosphamide ( CTX) intervention in vivo . Methods Ten male and fe-male BALB/C-nu mice were randomly divided into a cyclophosphamide ( CTX) group and a control of equal number .SW-13 cells were subcutaneously injected into the nude mice to establish a model of subcutaneous transplantation tumor , followed by intraperitoneal injec-tion of CTX and isotonic saline solution into the two groups of mice , respectively .Then the expression of ABCG 2 in tumor tissue and primarily cultured cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry . Results The expression of ABCG 2 in the tumor tissue was significantly higher in the CTX than in the control group ([69.1 ±1.83]%vs [53.4 ±1.65]%, P<0.05), and so was that in the primarily cultured cells ([97.89 ±1.36]% vs [81.88 ±8.31]%, P<0.05). Conclusion The ABCG2 gene is in-volved in the drug resistance of adrenocortical carcinoma and may be a therapeutic target of the malignancy .

Objective To evaluate the effects of the improved monitoring system for pressure ulcers? Method The monitoring system for pressure ulcers was improved and the measures were as follows:completing the organizational system for managing ulcers, fulfilling the regulations,revising the report form and enforcing classified nursing training? Result The accuracy rate of risk assessment and the methods for using wet dressings and negative pressure drainage were significantly improved and the effects by using decompression and skin-prevention pads were significantly better than those before improving the monitoring system(P < 0?05)?Conclusion The improved monitoring system for pressure ulcers may help to improve the clinical practice of pressure ulcers?

Objective To explore the molecular regulation mechanism of asporin in the matrix synthesis and secretion of the intervertebral disc,and to clarify its role in degenerative lesions of intervertebral disc.Methods There were 8 cases of intervertebral disc tissue in patients with severe intervertebral disc herniation (including typical clinical symptoms,signs and Pfirrmann's grade Ⅲ).There were 6 male and 2 female with an average age of (20.25 ± 3.37) years old (ranged from 11 to 28 years).After primary culture and redifferentiation in alginate beads,cells were reseeded and treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 for 6,12,18 and 24 h.Total RNA extracted from the cells and was subjected to real-time PCR analysis to examine the expression of asporin.After silencing the expression of endogenous asporin by siRNA,the cells stimulated 24 h with TGF-β1.Total RNA extracted from the cells and was subjected to real-time PCR analysis to examine the expression of asporin,collagen Ⅱ and proteoglycans.After treatment of specific p38 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor for 12 h,cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 for 24h.Protein extracted from the cells by protein extraction kit to examine the level of asporin.Results In the primary intervertebral disc cell experiment,TGF-β1 stimulation induced asporin transcription significantly in a dose and time dependent manner.After 24 h stimulation,a significant difference between different concentration groups (5,10 and 15 ng/ml) was observed,2.754±0.24,3.651 ±0.319 and 4.583±0.38,respectively (F=24.782,P=0.001).Knockdown of endogenous asporin led to the upregulated expression of aggrecan and collagen]Ⅱ (aggrecan:t=7.387,P=0.002,collagen Ⅱ:t=4.443,P=0.0113).Specific p38 inhibitor was used to block p38 phosphorylation,and TGF-β1 on asporin induction was significantly inhibited.Conclusion Our results have verified a functional feedback loop between TGF-β1 and asporin in human intervertebral annulus cells indicating that TGF-β1 can increase asporin expression,whereas asporin inhibits TGF-β 1 signaling pathway by negative feedback,thereby inhibiting TGF-β1 mediated synthesis of extracellular matrix,and TGF-31 can increase asporin expression by p38 in human intervertebral disc cells.

Aim To explore micro RNAs-integrated pathogenic signaling to control endothelial-mesenchy-mal transition ( EndMT ) in pulmonary hypertension ( PH) by a network bioinformatic approach. Methods Literature-mining method was used to find PH-relat-ed genes and EndMT/EMT-related miRNAs. Bioinfor-matic prediction approach ( DIANA3 , Miranda4 , PicT-ar5 , TargetScan6 , miRDB7 and microT-CDS8 ) was used for miRNA target prediction. Hypergeometric a-nalysis was used to predict miRNAs related to EndMT in PH. The analysis of interactions between PH-rele-vant genes( PH network) was performed with the use of Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets ( BioGRID ) . These miRNAs were ranked with the highest probability of substantial overlap among their gene targets in the PH-network, the relationship be-tween their targets and the PH functional categories which include hypoxia, inflammation, and transforming growth factor/BMP signaling. Then, the part of results was validated by animal experiment. Lastly the miR-NA-Target network was built using Cytocape 3 . Results List of 230 genes was compiled that were directly im-plicated in the development of PH and 189 miRNAs were related to EndMT in PH. Among 189 miRNAs, only 22 microRNAs(miR-let-7 family, miR-124, miR-130 family, miR-135, miR-144, miR-149, miR-155, miR-16-1, miR-17, miR-181 family, miR-182, miR-200 family, miR-204, miR-205, miR-21, miR-224, miR-27, miR-29 family, miR-301a, miR-31, miR-361 and miR-375) were related to hypoxia, inflamma-tion, and transforming growth factor/BMP signaling. Among these miRNAs, the levels of let-7g, miR-21, miR-124 and miR-130 family were significantly changed in the pulmonary artery in hypoxia-induced PH rats. Conclusions Among numerous miRNAs,22 of which may be involved in hypoxia, inflammation, and transforming growth factor/BMP signaling and re-lated to EndMT in PH by network bioinformatic ap-proach, which provides a theoretical basis for further investigation of EndMT in PH.

Objective To explore the factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) in patients after liver and kidney transplantation.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was carried out in 5 Level Ⅲ Class A hospitals.153 liver transplant recipients and 301 kidney transplant recipients of outpatient clinic follow-up from March to December in 2015 were selected and investigated with a self-designed general state questionnaire,and Quality of Life Scale for Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients which developed by our research group.Results There were significant differences in QOL total score in liver and kidney transplant recipients among groups of marital status and occupation.Divorced,unemployed and low-educated patients showed lower QOL total score than married,employed and high-educated ones (P ＜ 0.05).As compared with non-living-related transplantation group,patients undergoing living-related transplantation presented a better status in QOL total scores (P＜0.05).The QOL total score was obviously lower in patients suffering from complications and rejection than in those without occurrence of complications and rejection (P＜ 0.01).Postoperative time was correlated positively and significantly with QOL scores,and variances existed among different stages postoperation (P ＜ 0.01).Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that education,marital status,postoperative time,type of donor and chemotherapy were the factors influencing liver transplant recipients' QOL,while marital status,postoperative time,type of donor,medical care assurance,complications and rejection after operation had effect on kidney transplant recipients.Conclusion Attaching importance to QOF among liver and kidney transplant recipients,and implementing scientific and effective nursing intervention based on the characteristics of them are necessary.