1.Cyclophosphamide intervention in vivo increases the ABCG2 expression in adrenocortical carcinoma cells
Xiaozhou CHEN ; Zuojie LUO ; Xiaocong KUANG ; Yingfen QIN ; Wenqing ZENG ; Zhenxing HUANG ; Yuan QIN ; Fengping WU
Journal of Medical Postgraduates 2014;(9):915-917
Objective High expression of multi-resistant transporter ATP-binding cassette super family G member 2 (ABCG2) is a major cause of drug resistance and chemotherapeutic failure of cancer .This study was to investigate the significance of ABCG2 expression in adrenocortical cancer cells after cyclophosphamide ( CTX) intervention in vivo . Methods Ten male and fe-male BALB/C-nu mice were randomly divided into a cyclophosphamide ( CTX) group and a control of equal number .SW-13 cells were subcutaneously injected into the nude mice to establish a model of subcutaneous transplantation tumor , followed by intraperitoneal injec-tion of CTX and isotonic saline solution into the two groups of mice , respectively .Then the expression of ABCG 2 in tumor tissue and primarily cultured cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry . Results The expression of ABCG 2 in the tumor tissue was significantly higher in the CTX than in the control group ([69.1 ±1.83]%vs [53.4 ±1.65]%, P<0.05), and so was that in the primarily cultured cells ([97.89 ±1.36]% vs [81.88 ±8.31]%, P<0.05). Conclusion The ABCG2 gene is in-volved in the drug resistance of adrenocortical carcinoma and may be a therapeutic target of the malignancy .
2.Effect of adriamycin on the characteristics of colony derived from human adrenal cortical carcinoma cells SW-13
Wenqing ZENG ; Xiaozhou CHEN ; Zhenxing HUANG ; Haiyan YANG ; Xiaochong KUANG ; Zuojie LUO
The Journal of Practical Medicine 2017;33(3):343-346
Objective To explore the effect of adriamycin on the characteristics of colony derived from human adrenal cortical carcinoma cells (ACC) SW-13.Methods Treatment with Adriamycin (ADM) was used in BALB/c-nude mouse tumor xenograft model established using the ACC cell line SW-13.The characteristic of colony was assessed for the formation rates,the percentagc of three colony types and growth curve of single cell.Hoechst33342 dyeing test was used to test drug resistance.Results The Single-cell colony formation rate of experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05),and the holoclone percentage of experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05).In the Hoechst33342 dyeing tcst,the fluorescence intensity of control was higher than experimental group.Conclusion The treatment of ADM in vivo is beneficial for the colony formations of ACC cell and the formations rate of holoclone,and can improve the ability of drug resistance of ACC cell SW-13.
3. Epidemiologic characteristics of Norovirus among adult patients with infectious diarrhea, in Shanghai, 2013-2018
Sheng LIN ; Hao PAN ; Wenjia XIAO ; Xiaohuan GONG ; Xiaozhou KUANG ; Zheng TENG ; Xi ZHANG ; Huanyu WU
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2019;40(8):883-888
Objective:
To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of Norovirus among adult patients suffering from infectious diarrhea in Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for developing related strategies on prevention and control of the disease.
Methods:
Diarrheal outpatients were monitored at the 'Intestinal clinic’ from 22 hospitals involved in the sentinel surveillance program in Shanghai. Information on demographic and epidemiologic features of the patients was collected while data and clinical, fecal specimens were collected and sent to the district CDC for Norovirus detection. Positive rates of Norovirus were also compared in various populations and seasons during 2013-2018. Multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to fit into the comparisons between non-Norovirus and Norovirus groups.
Results:
19.28% of the 12 083 diarrheal cases were found to have carried the Norovirus, with GⅡgroup the most commonly identified genotype. Rates of detection was seen higher in males (20.78%) than in females (17.73%). 30-44 year-old were found having the highest positive rate (21.51%). The positive rates were found the highest (23.60%) in the year of 2015. All the above shown differences were statistically significant (
4. Epidemiological and etiological surveillance study of infectious diarrhea in Shanghai in 2013-2015
Jian LI ; Hao PAN ; Wenjia XIAO ; Xiaohuan GONG ; Yuan ZHUANG ; Xiaozhou KUANG ; Huanyu WU ; Zheng'an YUAN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017;51(12):1113-1117
Objective:
To analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characters of infectious diarrhea cases in Shanghai from July 2013 to June 2015.
Methods:
From July 2013 to June 2015, using multi-stage sampling to select 22 hospitals as adult diarrhea surveillance sentinels, and 3 district central hospitals together with Shanghai municipal children's hospital as children diarrhea surveillance sentinels. A total of 6 267 diarrhea cases were sampled. The demographic characters, main clinical manifestations and signs of cases were investigated, and stool specimens were collected to conduct the bacteria culture and virus nucleic acid detection. The difference of positive rate of bacteria and virus in different seasons, and age difference of relevant pathogens were compared.
Results:
Among 6 267 cases, 3 262 (52.05%) were male, and most of them were in 50-69 years group (1 999 cases, 31.90%) and 30-49 years group (1 691 cases, 26.98%). Totally, 2 783 positive specimens were detected out of 6 267 specimens with the positive rate being 44.41%. A total of 7 kinds of bacteria and 5 kinds of viruses were detected. The positive rate for bacterium was 12.61%(790 cases), mainly being vibrio parahaemolyticus (256 cases), diarrheagenic E.coli (239 cases) and salmonella (209 cases). The positive rate for virus was 31.80% (1 993 cases), mainly being norovirus (1 172 cases) and rotavirus (546 cases). The positive rates of viruses in winter of 2013 and 2014 were 57.89%(429 cases) and 62.14%(522 cases) respectively, higher than those of bacterium in the same periods which were 2.43% (18 cases) and 2.86% (24 cases) respectively. The positive rates of bacterium in summer of 2013, 2014 and 2015 were 14.56% (97 cases), 25.29%(258 cases) and 21.21% (49 cases), also higher than those of viruses in the same periods which were 7.51% (50 cases), 8.43%(86 cases) and 11.69% (27 cases) respectively, all of the above differences were statistically significant (
5.Etiological characteristics of viral gastroenteritis in pediatric inpatients under five years old in Shanghai, 2021‒2022
Xiaozhou KUANG ; Wenjia XIAO ; Hao PAN ; Min CHEN ; Zheng TENG
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024;36(2):143-149
ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in the pathogen spectrum of viral diarrhea in local pediatric inpatients as well as any variations in genotypes of major pathogens during the COVID-19 control period. MethodsFecal samples were collected from the children <5 years who were hospitalized due to acute gastroenteritis in a pediatric hospital in Shanghai. PCR test was carried out to detect rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus, and then genotyping was performed for major pathogens. ResultsOut of 546 samples, 37.55% tested positive for virus with the following positive rate ranking: norovirus GⅡ (22.16%), group A rotavirus (16.12%), astrovirus (2.93%), enteric adenovirus (2.38%), sapovirus (0.92%) and norovirus GⅠ (0.18%). The predominant genotype within norovirus GⅡ were GⅡ.4[P31] and GⅡ.4[P16] with a proportion of 24.79% and 14.05% respectively. The detection rate of GⅡ.4[P31] dropped significantly over the 2-year period (χ2=16.140,P<0.001). In addition, an emerging rotavirus genotype G8P [8], which was rarely found nationally, was discovered for the first time locally with an increasing proportion, accounting for 7.95% of all rotavirus positive cases. Phylogenic analysis demonstrated that the representative strains of this genotype were genetically closer to the DS-1-like G8P [8] strain found in Southeast Asia. ConclusionThe changes in the prevalence of various norovirus genotypes together with the emergence of rare rotavirus genotype in the local area illustrate the importance of continuous monitoring of viral diarrhea and genotyping of key pathogens. Increased local activity of the rare genotype also adds new parameters in the efficacy evaluation of marketed vaccines and development of potential new vaccines in near future.
6. Pathogenic characteristics of viral gastroenteritis among pediatric inpatients under five years old during 2014-2017
Xiaozhou KUANG ; Wenjia XIAO ; Zheng TENG ; Hao PAN ; Zheng’an YUAN ; Fan WU ; Xi ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2019;40(8):895-899
Objective:
To conduct a viral pathogen surveillance program on pediatric inpatients less than five years old with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai and to better understand the pathogenic spectrum and molecular features in the target population, for setting up programs on control, prevention, medication and vaccine applications of the diseases.
Methods:
Fecal samples were collected from inpatients less than 5 years old who were admitted to a pediatric hospital for having acute gastroenteritis. Information related to demographic, clinical and epidemiological features of the patients was also collected. Laboratory assays including ELISA, real-time PCR and nested PCR, were performed to detect the presence of pathogens as rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and adenovirus.
Results:
A total of 1 018 samples were collected (male 671 and 347 female), with the positive detection rate as 40.57% which peaked from autumn till winter, annually. Calicivirus and rotavirus A presented with the highest detection rates (24.75% and 13.95% respectively). The lowest detection rate was found in the 0-6 month-olds (32.20%). 65% of the patients with positive virus had received antibiotic treatment prior to the hospitalization. However, no statistically significant difference was seen, regarding the rates of antibiotic medication in the virus positive or negative populations (
7. Seasonality and etiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in outpatients of 18 or above-year-old in Shanghai, 2014-2017
Xiaohuan GONG ; Hongyou CHEN ; Wenjia XIAO ; Sheng LIN ; Yuan ZHUANG ; Xiaozhou KUANG ; Zheng’an YUAN ; Fan WU ; Hao PAN ; Huanyu WU
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2019;40(8):889-894
Objective:
To understand the seasonality and etiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in adults from Shanghai.
Methods:
Adult patients with diarrhea who had visited the enteric disease clinics in 22 hospitals that carrying on the Diarrhea Comprehensive Surveillance sentinel programs in Shanghai during 2014-2017, were surveyed. Stool specimens were collected according to the different intervals of sampling and detected for 12 bacteria and 5 viruses. Concentration ratio and circular distribution method were used for data analysis.
Results:
From 2014 to 2017, a total of 9 573 stool specimens were collected from the targeted diarrhea patients ≥18 years old (
8.An outbreak of norovirus diarrhea in a welfare home for the elderly in Shanghai
Wenjia XIAO ; Xiaozhou KUANG ; Jing ZHANG ; Jixing YANG ; Yuan NAN ; Hong YAO ; Zheng TENG ; Sheng LIN ; Xiaohuan GONG ; Xiao YU ; Hao PAN ; Xi ZHANG
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;34(8):765-769
ObjectiveTo investigate an outbreak of norovirus diarrhea in a welfare home for the elderly in Shanghai, and to analyze the epidemiology and virus genotype characteristics of the epidemic, thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of norovirus epidemic. MethodsCase definition was clarified. After case definition, a standardized questionnaire was used to carry out case investigation to make comprehensive analysis in combination with field epidemiological investigation and laboratory tests results. ResultsThe epidemic lasted for 14 days, and 23 cases were reported with an incidence rate of 12.37% (23/186), including 3 males and 20 females. There were more cases on the 1st, 4th and 6th floor of the main building in the welfare home, accounting for 52.17% (12/23) of total cases. 19 cases were reported in the main building, with an incidence rate of 11.59% (19/164); 4 cases were reported in the auxiliary building, with an incidence rate of 18.18% (4/22). There was no significant difference in the morbidity between the main building and the auxiliary building (χ2=0.779,P>0.05). The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea. There was a significant difference in the incidence of vomiting symptoms among the elderly, nursing staff and other staff in the welfare home (χ2=10.216, P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea among the elderly, nursing staff and other staff (χ2=1.218, P>0.05). Fecal samples were collected from 23 cases, 1 case family member, 68 risk personnel and 14 environmental surface swab samples. Norovirus GⅡ was detected in stool samples of 19 cases, 1 family member and 36 risk personnel. ConclusionOutbreak of norovirus infection is reported in a welfare home in Shanghai. The close contact between the elderly and health workers might lead to the outbreak.