Pancreatic encephalopathy (PE)is a serious complication of pancreatitis,with difficulties in early diagnosis and poor prognosis. This article introduces the possible pathogenesis of PE involving pancreatin activation,cytokines,infection,water and electrolyte imbalance, and vitamin deficiency,summarizes the clinical manifestations and laboratory features of PE,and points out that the clinical manifestations of PE lack specificity and there are no reliable biochemical indices or diagnostic criteria.This article also elaborates on the diagnosis and treat-ment strategies for PE and points out that the key to PE treatment is active and effective treatment of the primary disease.Most PE patients are improved with the control of pancreatitis.

Objective To study the pollution of organic components in landfill leachates which produced from industrial city-Z and their cytogenetic toxicity. Methods The landfill leachates and groundwater samples collected from an industrial city-Z were analyzed by GC-MS and determined by micronucleus test of the root-tip cells of Vicia faba. The organic extracts of the landfill leachates samples were also determined by micronucleus test of early spermatids of mice exposed to organic extracts to be tested via peritoneal injection. Results Benzene, phenol, B(a)P were found in this two samples. Significantly higher levels of micronucleus rates of the root-tip cells of Vicia faba were observed in the original landfill leachates and diluted samples(1∶10,1∶2)compared with those of the negative samples(P

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic results of embolectomy and thrombolysis for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in 165 patients. Methods Embolectomy was undertaken with Fogarty catheter in 64 patients while 101 patients were treated by thrombolytic agents. Results Ninety-six cases (58.2%) were followed-up, ranging from 7 months to 218 months with an averge of 71 months including 44 cases undergoing embolectomy and 52 cases receiving thrombolytic agents. Symptoms disappeared in 20.5% of patients in embolectomy group and in 13.5% in thrombolytic group.In embolectomy group,the superficial varicoses and derma pigmentation in lower extremity appeared in 31.8% of patients,while in thrombolytic group the signs appeared in 50.5% of patients, respectively.Conclusions Embolectomy protecting the valve of deep trunk vein in some patients helps to reduce later complications of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Objective To evaluate transcatheter thrombolysis via the small saphenous vein in the treatment for lower limb acute mix-deep venous thrombosis. Method From Jan 2005 to Mar 2007.37 patients with lower limb acute mix-DVT underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis via the small saphenous vein with urokinase(149 ±71)×104 IU continuous infusion.The venous patency score and the rate of patency improvement were observed by venograms before and after therapy.Twenty-two patients were followed up for(12 ±4)months. Results Venous patency score were significantly improved(Z=-5.330,P＜0.01).The mean rate of venous patency was 50.17%±15%,and there was no complication.Venogram on 6～12 month follow up showed a venous patency of 58%±13%(Z=-3.545,P＜0.01),and that on 13～18 months was 68%±20%(Z=-2.201,P＜0.05). Conclusion This preliminary experience suggests that catheter-directed thrombolysis via the small saphenous vein with urokinase for acute lower limb mix-DVT iS safe and effective.

Objective To understand the characteristics of common causes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in China and evaluate the association of the aetiology with gender and mortality.Methods The relevant literature was searched by the China journal full-text database (CNKI),Wanfang database,Weipu database and other databases and proceeding.Based on collecting data retrieval strategy,according to the inclusion criteria selection literature,Meta analysis was performed mainly for gallstone,hyperlipidemia,alcohol and other AP from the aspects of gender and case fatality rate.Results The Meta analysis included 11 articles which were accordance with the criteria,involving 13 601 patients,including 6 732 cases of biliary AP,1 372 cases of hyperlipidemia AP and 1 169 cases of alcohol AP.The Meta analysis showed that biliary AP male to female ratio was 0.79 ∶ 1,hyperlipidemic AP male to female ratio was 1.54 ∶ 1,alcoholic AP male to female ratio was 10.47 ∶ 1,overeating AP male to female ratio was 1.29 ∶ 1,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Alcoholic AP mortality rate was the highest,which was 2.81 times than the biliary AP and 2.46 times than the hyperlipemic AP,and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Biliary tract disease is the main etiologic cause of AP in China,and there are more females than males.The mortality rate of alcoholic pancreatitis is the highest,and there are more males.But we should investigate further high-quality,large-scale trails in patients with AP.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of late course accelerated hyperfractionation(LCAF) radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients . Methods From October 1995 to September 1996, 136 NPC patients were divided into conventional fractionation(CF) and LCAF radiotherapy groups.Seventy patients in CF group received conventional radiotherapy :2.0 Gy/f,5 fractions a week to a total dose of 70 Gy in 47 49 days .Sixty six patients in LCAF group were treated with the same fractionation as CF group untill the dose of 36 40 Gy ,and then followed by LCAF radiotherapy :1.35 Gy/f ,twice daily with 6 hour interval between the two fractions,to the total dose of 75.1 76.5 Gy in 45 47 day .Results The complete response rate in the nasopharynx was 97% in the LCAF group and 90% in the CF group after 3 months of radiotherapy.The 1 ,3 ,and 5 year local control rates were 97.0%, 95.4%,89.9% in the LCAF group and 92.8%,77.1%,70.1% in the CF group ,with the difference between the two groups significant (P0.05 ),without finding any significant difference in acute mucusitis or late complications between these two groups. Conclusions The local control rate of NPC treated by LCAF radiotherapy is superior to CF. However there is no significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups .LCAF radiotherapy is well tolerated and not increase the toxicity.

Objective To explored the role of CD40/CD40L and B7-1/CD28 interaction in the immunopathologic process of folic acid-induced nephropathy(FAN) and investigate the intervention effect of the anti-B7-1 monoclone antibody(B7-1mAb). Methods GD1 mice were administrated by i. p with FA only or co-treated with B7-1 mAb for the intervention study. Kidneys were harvested for immunohistochemical, Western blot assays and serum for renal function evaluation at day 1, 3,5, 7, 14 and 21. Results Continuous expression of CD40, B7-1 from day 1 to day 21 on the renal tubular epithelial cells was detected in this model. CD40 was up-regulated more than five times in the kidney at every test time point (P

PURPOSETo evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. METHODS From 1989 to 1990. 60 patients with esophageal were treated. It was divided into two groups. Radiotherapy group (R) and radiotherapy plus cisplatin (20mg iv. twice a week) (R + C). A total dose of 66-70 Gy/6-7 wk was used in (R) and (R+C) group. RESULTS The 1 year. 3 year. 5 year survival rats were R : R+C = 46. 7%、20%、10% : 60%、30%、23%. CONCLUSION This study may imply that rational administration of cisplatin in the radiotherapy could improve the radiotherapy result of the esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To compare and analyze the detection situation of common pathogens in child respiratory tract infection in our hospital and to provide the basis for clinical accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment .Methods A total of 6 032 specimens were collected from the children patients with acute respiratory tract infection in the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2015 .The immunodot test technology was adopted to detect the 6 kinds of early specific serum antibody IgM of common respiratory pathogens :adenovirus (ADV ) ,influenza virus (IV ) ,parainfluenza (PIV ) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and chlamydia pneumonia (CP) .The differences in children infection pat‐terns ,different ages ,seasons and genders were analyzed .Results Among 6 032 specimens ,2 279 cases were positive with the posi‐tive rate of 37 .8% .The positive rates of 6 kinds of respiratory pathogens were in turn 12 .2% for ADV ,9 .6% for IV ,7 .9% for CP ,4 .6% for MP ,3 .0% for RSV and 0 .3% for PIV .The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was higher in spring and summer ;age groups of 1-3 years old and 4-6 years old had higher positive detection rate .Conclusion The main common patho‐gen of respiratory tract infection in this hospital is ADV ,followed by IV .Their infection has obvious seasonality .The mycoplasma and chlamydia also are the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection ,which are dominated by MP and CP .

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Jianing Decoction (Rhizoma sparganii, Rhizoma curcumae, Radix bupleuri, Fructus schisandrae chinensis, Spuama manis, Radix polygoni multifrori, Spica prunellae, Flos chrysanthemi indici, Fructus ligustri lucidi) (JN) on autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS: An animal model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in rats was developed by using thyroglobulin of porcine (PTg). These animals were divided into JN group, triptolide (TP) group and control group. Pathological changes were observed in the thyroid tissues and serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) were determined by the method of radiorimmuoussay. RESULTS: The serum TGAb and TPOAb were significantly higher in EAT model group than those in normal group (P