Instead of poly—I—lysine, the microtitre plate is in turn pretreated with concentrated sulphuric acid and 100?g/ ml protamine. The living target cells are well attached to the plate. Fixed with 0.025—0.05% glutaraldehyda, the target cells are suitable for screening monoclonal antibodies by ELISA. This assay is specific, sensitive and well reproductive. It is a useful method for screening large scale spent supernatant of hybridomas and ascites at less expense and time. On the other hand, this method can be also used to detect cellular antigens with either MAbs or conventional antibodies.

Antigen specific rosette forming cells(S-RFC),plague forming cells(PFC)and Con A initiated spleen cells ~3H-TdR uptake tests were used to see the effects of transfer fa-ctor(TF).the experiments showed TF had enhancing effects on S-RFC of immunized mice and Con A initiated spleen cells ~3H-TdR uptake but no effects on S-RFC of nonimmunized mice,PFC of both immunized and non-immunized miceand spleen cells ~3H-TdR uptake without ConA.High concentration of TF inhibited Con A initated spleen cells ~3H-TdR uptake.Bovine,porcine andhuman TF had similar ?ffects on S-RFC of immunized mice in vivo and Con A in-iated spleen cells ~3H- TdR uptake in vitro. The results suggest that TF have non-specific effects on mature T lymphocytes activated by antigen or mitogen which are similar to the effects of thymic factors.The substances in TF,which have enhancing or inhibiting effects,are promising to be useful immune modifiers.Effects of bovine,porcine and human TF are not species spcifiic.Both S-RFC and Con A initiated murine spleen cells ~3H-TdR uptake tests are promising to be the methods to measure non-specific activities of TF. Key words:Transfer factor,S-RFC.Con A initiated spleen cells ~3H-TdR uptake, Immune modulation.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of fast assay of vitamin C (VC) in body fluids by iodometry with UV absorbance detection.Methods:The sample was pretreated with iodoacetic acid to block sulfhydryl group.Protein was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid,and chromogen was extracted with chloromethylene.The change of absorbance after 30 s reaction of the pretreated sample with iodine was measured.Results:The assay of absorbance before and after 30 s reaction of the pretreated sample with iodine showed the variation coefficient within 5%,and the recovery of VC was above 90%.There was linear response of the absorbance change to the amount of VC from body fluids with slope consistent to that for iodine.Conclusion:This method may be desirable for fast assay of VC in body fluids.

Objective To explore the treatment method and curative effect for lower limb varicose vein or swelling secondary to Cockett syndrome. Methods From March 2014 to March 2015,a total of 25 cases of lower limb varicose vein (22 cases)or swelling (3 cases)secondary to Cockett syndrome were treated with percutaneous transluminal angiography (PTA).Stents were placed in the veins in 19 cases,and 22 patients with varicose veins were treated with the great saphenous vein high ligation and point type stripping at secondary stage. Results The operations were successful.The iliac vein PTA was performed in all the 25 patients.The iliac vein stent implantation was performed in 17 cases of varicose veins and 2 cases of lower limb swelling.The saphenous vein high ligation and point type stripping was performed in 22 cases of varicose veins of lower extremity at 1 month after the interventional treatment.Postoperatively,no complications such as lower limb swelling,infection,or deep vein thrombosis occurred.Follow-up at the first postoperative month showed 20 cases of cured and 5 cases of alleviated.Follow-up for 3 -15 months (mean,12.4 months)in the 25 cases showed no lower limb swelling,recurrence of varicose vein,or deep vein thrombosis. Conclusions Cockett syndrome patients can be treated with iliac vein PTA.Whether or not a stent placement is required is determined according to the extent of vein stenosis.Postoperatively,lower limb swelling can be significantly alleviated.For patients with secondary varicose vein of lower extremity,saphenous vein ligation and point type stripping is recommended after 1 month.

E-health is a new kind of health care model, which raises medical efficiency, brings happiness and hope to the therapy of severe disease, and stands for the future of health care. However, it is faced with many issues and challenges, such as the safety of information storing, privacy protection and the distribution of health resources.Therefore, research & development in e-health should observe some criterion. The author holds that the development of e-health should observe ethical principles such as inform-concent, safety, justice, risk-benefit and developing step by step, and puts forward regulating recommendations in many aspects.

Objective: To examine correlations between MRI and cognitive changes associated with cerebral infarction. Methods: Using HDS-R and Senior Cognitive Scale, we assessed 101 patients with cerebral infarction during acute to rehabilitation phase. The results were compared with their MRI. Results: At 3 weeks after onset, cognitive impairment was found in 70.3% of the patients. At 6 months after onset, 10% recovered to normal, 35.6% improved, 22.8% worsened, and 42.5% met the criteria of dementia. During acute phase, infarction focus and leukoaraiosis (LA) were related to cognitive impairment ( P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the compatible stability of cefpiramide sodium for injection with metronidazole in-jection.METHODS:Content,color and pH value of the mixed solution at different time within6hours after mixing under room temperature were monitored.RESULTS:There were no significant changes in content,color and pH value for the mixed solu-tion determined at different time within6hours after mixing under room temperature.CONCLUSION:The mixture of cefpi-ramide sodium with metronidazole injection can be used within6h after mixing.

Objective To observe levels of the serum albumin and their association with prognosis in children with hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) . Methods A total of 122 HFMD children admitted from 2011 to 2013 were selected and divided into three groups:common group (n=57), severe group (n=52) and critical group (n=13). Serum albumin levels, blood glucose levels, peripheral blood white cell counts of the children in the three groups were compared within 24 hours of admis-sion. Moreover, the incidence of hypoalbuminemia and mortality of the children were analyzed in each group. Results In critical group, serum albumin levels were signiifcantly decreased while blood glucose levels and peripheral blood white cell counts were signiifcantly increased than those in the severe group and common group, and the differences were all statistically signiifcant (all P<0.05). There were no signiifcant differences in serum albumin levels, blood glucose levels and peripheral blood white cell counts between severe group and common group (all P>0.05). There was no hypoalbuminemia and death in severe group and common group. The percentage of hypoalbuminemia and mortality of children in critical group were higher than those in the other two groups (all P<0.01). Conclusions The mortality was extremely high in children with critical HFMD. The decrease of serum albumin levels was a high risk factor for death in children with critical HFMD. Early and dynamic monitoring serum albu-min levels may be helpful in evaluation of disease condition and prognosis of HFMD.

Objective To determine the retest reliability and measurement error of walking energy consumption measurement in children with cerebral palsy in special school. Methods 13 children with cerebral palsy studying in Shanghai Pudong Special Education School from September to December in 2010 were enrolled in this study. They were asked to walk up and down continuously on a 50-meter-long walking pace in 6 minutes, while the distance of walking and the heart rate of both rest and walking were measured to calculate physical cost index (PCI). After 1 week, they took the 2nd measurement at the same time, the same location and the same condition. Then the results between the former and the later measurements were compared to identify the retest reliability and measurement error. Results The study showed a good retest reliability in heart rate of walking, distance of walking and PCI (ICC=0.77~0.83), but a low retest reliability in heart rate of rest (ICC=0.38). The study also showed a high measurement error in PCI. Conclusion PCI had good retest reliability and high measurement error, and was easily affected by the emotion of the children. So it was limited as a measurement of walking energy consumption in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To investigate the achievement of the target for blood glucose control among community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into developing blood glucose management strategies and intervention measures. Methods: Basic information, lifestyle, medication use, disease history, and HbA1c test results of T2DM patients aged 18 years and older and living in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality for more than 6 months were collected through Jinshan District Chronic Disease Follow up Management System and district-level information platform. The proportion of blood glucose achieving the control target (HbA1c<7%) was analyzed. Factors affecting the achievement of the target for blood glucose control were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 16 758 T2DM patients were included, with 7 844 males (46.81%) and 8 914 females (53.19%), and a median age of 69.00 (interquartile range, 12.00) years. There were 8 095 patients achieving the blood glucose control target, accounting for 48.31%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (60-69 years, OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.675-0.832; 70-79 years, OR=0.892, 95%CI: 0.801-0.993; ≥80 years, OR=1.238, 95%CI: 1.086-1.411), body mass index (overweight, OR=0.926, 95%CI: 0.863-0.993; obesity, OR=0.800, 95%CI: 0.718-0.891), disease course (6-10 years, OR=0.728, 95%CI: 0.673-0.787; ≥11 years, OR=0.534, 95%CI: 489-0.583), smoking (daily, OR=0.792, 95%CI: 0.730-0.860), drinking (daily, OR=0.788, 95%CI: 0.642-0.967), medication adherence (intermittent, OR=0.293, 95%CI: 0.271-0.317; self discontinuation, OR=0.074, 95%CI: 0.064-0.087), hypertension (OR=0.643, 95%CI: 0.588-0.703) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (OR=0.671, 95%CI: 0.563-0.800) were the influencing factors for the achievement of the target for blood glucose control among T2DM patients. Conclusion The blood glucose control among T2DM patients is mainly affected by age, body mass index, disease course, smoking, drinking, medication adherence and comorbidities.