Objective To analyze the new primary mutation in Chinese people with Leber′s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods Genomic DNA was collected from 260 suspected LHON patients and 100 normal healthy persons. The mitochondria DNA mutation at nucleotide position (NP) 15257 and the hot spot (14452-14601 bp) of ND6 gene which include the mutations at NP (14482, 14498, 14568, 14596, 14495, and 14459) were screened by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), heteroduplex-single strand conformation polymorphism (HA-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing. Primary mutation spectrum of Chinese race was analyzed. Results Eight kinds of polymorphism of mitochondria DNA were found in 260 suspected LHON patients and 100 normal healthy persons, including NP 14488C, 14518G, and 14617G which hadn't been reported (http://www.mitomap.org/). No mutation at NP 15257, 14482, 14498, 14568, 14596, 14495, and 14459 was found. Conclusion The NP 15257A may not be the primary mutation in Chinese. Because of the race difference, 14452-14601 bp in ND6 gene may not be the hot spot in Chinese patients with LHON, and other hot spots may exist.

Objective:To develop the College Students'Career Adaptability Questionnaire(CSCAQ)and test its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on the theoretical construction of Savickas for career adaptability and the open questionnaire survey in 136 college students,this study defined the construct of CSCAQ,and compiled the pre-liminary questionnaire.A sample of 935 subjects coming from 6 colleges was investigated with preliminary ques-tionnaire,and the data were used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).A sample of 1273 sub-jects coming from 8 colleges was investigated with formal questionnaire,and the data were used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)and the homogeneous reliability.The criterion validity was tested in 437 subjects with CSOAQ.The test-retest reliability was tested in 110 subjects 4 weeks later.Results:The CSCAQ was composed of 35 items in six factors,which were career control,career curiosity,career concerns,career confidence,career adjust-ment and career interpersonal,and the six factors explained 47.89% of the variances.Furthermore,the result of CFA indicated that the model fitted the data with well construct validity(χ2 /df=3.24,GFI =0.92,NFI =0.85,CFI=0.89,IFI =0.89,TLI =0.88,RMSEA =0.04).The CSCAQ and its factors scores were positively correlated with the CSOAQ scores (r =0.29 -0.85,Ps <0.01).The Cronbach αcoefficients were 0.90 for the total questionnaire and 0.64 -0.79 for the 6 factors.The test-retest reliability were 0.92 for the total questionnaire and 0.74 -0.82 for the 6 factors.Conclusion:It suggests that the College Students'Career Adaptability Questionnaire(CSCAQ)is reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure college students'career adaptability.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is interposed between enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells in gastrointestinal muscles, it is the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract. ICC are essential for generation and regeneration of slow wave and play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Further study of ICC has importance in realizing the physiology of gastrointestinal motor and the mechanisms of gastrointestinal motility disease.

The article introduces the network resource in urology surgery both at home and abroad and analyses the existing problems in carrying out online teaching uronology and puts forward some countermeasures.

Objective To investigate the effect of matrine on migration, proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) induced by PDGF in vitro. Methods HSC line was incubated separately with matrine in different concentration of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was tested by TUNEL in situ assay. The migration ability of HSCs was observed with Transwell chamber assay. Results The cell migration rate and absorbance value of the groups with 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml matrine were significantly lower than those of the control group, as well as in PDGF groups. But there was no difference in rates of cell apoptosis among three groups. Conclusion Matrine can inhibit HSC migration, proliferation and induce apoptosis of HSC, which might be one of the mechanisms that matrine counteracts against liver fibrosis. But there was no effect of matrine on HSC apoptosis induced by PDGF.

Objective To investigate the spectrum of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in Chinese patients with Leber′s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods The primary mtDNA mutations (G3460A?G11778A and T14484C) of 140 patients with LHON were detected by mutation-specific priming polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR), heteroduplex-single strand conformation polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (HA-SSCP), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and measurement of DNA sequence. The transmissibility of the patients′ stirps was analyzed. Results In the 140 patients with LHON, G11778A mtDNA primary mutation was found in 130 (92.9%), including 113 males and 17 females; G3460A mutation was found in 2 (1.4%) including 1 male and 1 female; G14484A mutation was found in 8 (5.7%) including 6 males and 2 females. Conclusion In Chinese patients with LHON, the incidence of G11778A mtDNA mutation is higher than that of G3460A and T14484C.

Objective　To determine the sensitivity and specificity of using the computer-photoscreener and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy in the detection of amblyopiogenic factors in nine to fifty months old infants.Methods　Three hundred children whose ages range from nine to fifty months were screened with the computer-photoscreener and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy. With a masked standardized clinical assessment as the standard, an overall comparison of the results obtained with the two techniques revealed a sensitivity and specificity. Photoscreen images on the computer monitor screen were reviewed and analyzed immediately by two independent observers for indicators of amblyopiogenic risk factors. Simultaneously, the results were compared to the findings of a full ophthalmologic examination.Results　The computer-photoscreener revealed a sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 90.1%, and the non-cycloplegic retinocopy revealed a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 81.1% for the detection of amblyopiogenic risk factors, including hyperopia (+2.75 D or more), myopia (-1.50 D or more), astigmatism (2.00 D or more),anisometropia (2.00 D or more), ocular misalignment (5 degrees or more), and media opacity (1.5mm or more). Conclusion　The computer-photoscreener offers an opportunity to identify problems that limit vision, and could provide a feasible and sufficiently reliable screening technique in infants and preschool children who can be screened successfully for amblyopiogenic risk factors.

The binding mechanism between pefloxacin mesylate (PM) and transferrin (Tf) was explored using spectral experiment combined with molecular modeling techniques. The binding parameters and thermodynamic functions of PM-Tf solution system were measured at different temperatures. The effect of PM on molecular conformation of Tf was investigated and the interaction mechanism was also discussed. The results showed that dynamic quenching mechanism occurs with PM binding to Tf. The value of binding distances (r) is low, which indicates the occurrence of energy transfer. The drug had conformational effect on Tf, which resulted in changes of hydrophobic environment of the binding domain in Tf. According to the obtained thermodynamic parameters, the main interaction force between PM and Tf is attributed to hydrophobic bonding. The results of molecular modeling revealed that hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds are main binding forces in the PM-Tf system. These results were in accordance with spectral experiments. The research results have given a better theoretical reference for the study of pharmacological mechanism between protein and quinolone.

Objective To investigate the value of renal CT arteriography in the preoperation evaluation of patients with renal tumors.Methods From Jan 2007 to June 2012,372 patients with renal tumors took renal CT arteriography (with Philips Brilliance 16) to evaluate the variations of their renal arteries.We executed plain scan first,then artery phase,venous phase scan and delaying scan by turns after injections of Omnipaque.All images were delivered to imaging workstation and reconstructed to 3D views of renal arteries to supply imageological supports for surgeons.Results Tumors in solitary kidneys were detected in 21 patients,and masses in both kindneys were detected in 4 cases.We collected data of 376 kidneys finally.We found premature branching renal arteries on 46 kidneys (12.2％) and accessory renal arteries on 74 kidneys (19.7％).Double accessory renal arteries were seen on 10 kidneys (2.7％),and there were 84 accessory renal arteries in summary.7 accessory renal arteries (7.2％) came from arteria phrenica and 77 (91.7％) came from abdominal aorta (x2 =65.68,P ＜ 0.01).We found the regions where the accessory renal arteries entered kidneys:65.5％ (55/84) in upper poles,19.0％ (16/84) in central regions and 15.5％ (13/84)in inferior poles.Routine CT scans found 44 variations of renal arteries in 218 cases who underwent surgeries,and then renal CT arteriography found 63 variations in the same cases (20.2％ vs 28.9％,x2 =4.47,P ＜ 0.05).Finally,surgeons found 60 variations of renal artries in operations in the 63 cases with variations found by renal CT arteriography before surgeries.Conclusions There is limitations of routine CT scan (plain scan and with contrast medium) in detection of renal artery variations.Renal CT arteriography can supply reliable supports for establishment of surgical plans for renal tumors.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β( GSK-3β) is a serine-threonine kinase,which was originally identified as a key regula-tor of glycogen metabolism. In nervous system, GSK-3β partici-pates in many central and peripheral nervous system physiological processes through transcription,cell proliferation and differentia-tion. The abnormal activity of GSK-3βinduces downstream signa-ling molecules and gene expression abnormalities,which are in-volved in some neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder,Alzheimer's disease,and pain. In recent years, lots of basic and clinic researches focus on GSK-3β,which might gradually become critical theraptic target of many diseases. The article mainly reviews the mechanisms involved in abnormal acti-vation of GSK-3β related neuropsychiatric disorders.