Objcetive To evaluate tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) in differentiating diagnosis of tuberculous and non-small cell lung cancer with cytology-positive pleural effusion.Methods We measured TNF-? of serum in 25 patients with tuberculous effusion,26 cases of lung adenocarcinoma,21 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma with pleural effusion and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays.Results Serum TNF-? levels in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion were lower than that in patienrts with lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma(P

Objective To establish an immunoassay based on microfluidic chip for detection of TSH and total T4.Methods The direct-write laser micromachining technology was used to fabricate microfluidic chip,luminol-H2O2 as luminator.This method and Roche E2010 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay were used to examine TSH by double-antibody sandwich method and total T4 by competitive principle in 50 serum samples collected at our outpatient clinic.Results The detection was completed within 25 min.Ten microliter sample and reagent was required.The detection range of TSH was 0-50 ?IU/ml and its average intraassay and interassay precision was 4.7% and 4.6% respectively and its average recovery rate was 95.3%.The detection range of T4 was 9.375-300 ng/ml,and its average intraassay and interassay precision was 4.9% and 4.7% respectively and its average recovery rate was 91.27%.Conclusion Rapid detection of TSH and T4 by microfluidic chip-based immunoassays is convenient,stable and accurate and of less reagent and time consuming.

Extensive informed consent is a special form of informed consent.In foreign countries,the applica-tion and implementation of extensive informed consent has enhanced the circulation rate of biological samples in fu-ture research and promoted the development of the clinical research of biological samples.But it also has caused some ethical issues because of weakening informed such as:obtaining the information about the subject not in time,the research risks unknown and quiting research not in time.At present,Europe and the United States have conducted a lot of research in the implementation conditions,informed content and framework,providing a strong support for the practice of extensive informed consent.The practice of extensive informed consent has become the development direction of the biological samples research in our country.The author compared the social environ-ment and theoretical research at home and abroad and thought that our country must practice and implement it on the basis of social recognition,the improvement of ethical review mechanism and legislative protection.

Through the problem of gene-related clinical and scientific studies reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Shanghai Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, this article discussed and summarized main points of clinical gene-related studies such as participants have indepen-dent rights, which were the choice of being told the research results and the donors of Biobank have rights for option in or out. The clinical gene-related studies should pay attention to the protection of genetic resources dur-ing the study, fairness of genetic research findings' usage. And on this basis, in order to facilitate the effective operation of the researchers, key elements of the gene-related research projects were developed in the design plan and informed consent. Finally, the importance and implementation of relevant standardization system construction were also emphasized .

Objective To improve the understanding of osteoarticular pain presented as rheumatic syndromes of cancers and malignant skeleton metastasis associated. Methods To analyse the clinical data of 32 patients initially manifested as osteoarticular pain. Results Forteen patients of 32 cases was diagnosed as cancer associated rheumatic syndromes, characterized by gradually deteriorated chronic recurrent vague pain. The effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoid was not satisfactory. Pain subsided after removal of carcinous mass. Eighteen patients had malignant skeleton metastasis, vague pain at onset, but gradually progressed to be, severe persistent pain. NSAIDs and glucocorticoid were ineffective. Narcotic analgesics could produce short time relief. The nature and distribution of tumour were comparatively extensive. The clinical misdiagnosis rate was high. Conclusion Clinical doctors often neglect the coexistence of tumor because they are not familiar with the relation between osteoarticular pain and tumor. So patients who is over sixty and is not sensitive to commonly used analgesics and glucocorticoid with osteoarticular muscular pain should be considered the possibility of malignant tumor after excluding diffuse connective tissue disease.

Objective To study the effect of isokinetic strength training on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods From January to December, 2016, 56 stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly di-vided into control group and observation group equally. Both groups received routine rehabilitation training, and the observation group ac-cepted hemiplegic limb flexor and extensor muscle isokinetic strength training in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper limb (FMA-UL), modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and biomechanical index-es of elbow flexion and extension with Biodex System-4 before and after treatment. Results The scores of FMA and MBI improved after treatment (t>7.083, P<0.001) in both groups, and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.369, P<0.05). The peak torque, total work and average power at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocity of both flexor and extensor improved in both groups (t>2.149, P<0.05), and those of the extensor improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.027, P<0.05), except the peak torque at 60°/s angular velocity. Conclusion Isokinetic strength training can improve the motor function of upper limbs and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

OBJECTIVE To improve the quality of venous infusion and reduce the incidence of hospital infection.METHODS We analyzed the factors of hospital infection resulted from venous infusion.RESULTS The main factors were pollution or degeneration of the liquid,over standard of the bacterial number in prepared or infused environment,disobeying the operating instruction of venous infusion and unsuitable operating method.CONCLUSIONS The measures to prevent hospital infection are holding the key step of venous infusion,constructing and executing the management system of sterilization and isolation,reducing the chance of bacterium pollution,paying attention to the sterile operation through venous infusion,fostering the well working style and improving the links of infusing operation.We reduced the infusion reaction and the incidence of hospital infection effectively.

By referring to the domestic and foreign relevant regulatory guidelines, this paper analyzed and sum-marized the ethical point in the design phase in the perspective of relevant regulations of clinical waste sample man-agement and biological sample management. It also analyzed the focus problems including the difference in sample library and clinical laboratory remaining sample as well as the ownership of the sample, to provide theoretical basis for ethics committee to review this kind of protocols.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between iodine intake and the prevalence of thyroid diseases in Urumqi.Methods A total of 1693 subjects were investigated.Serum thyroid hormones,thyroid autoantibodies,and urinary iodine concentration were determined,and type B ultrasonography of thyroid gland was performed in all participants.Result The urinary iodine level revealed that 9.5％ of the subjects were iodine deficient and 30.0％ iodine excessive.The average median urinary iodine was 254.9 μg/L.Serum total T4 level in the idione adequate and more than adequate groups was significantly higher than the other 2 groups [ ( 9.02±2.63 ) vs (7.69±2.85)、(8.45 ±2.13 ) μg/dl,both P＜0.05 ],and serum TSH level in the idione deficient group was significantly higher than the other 2 groups [ (3.00±1.86) vs (2.37±1.91),(2.27±1.86) mIU/L,both P＜0.01 ].There was no significant statistical difference in positive rates of thyroid autoantibodies,morbidities of thyroid dysfunction and goiter among 3 groups.Conclusion The iodine deficient situation has been corrected in Urumqi.There is no difference in morbidities of thyroid diseases in population with different iodine intakes.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of patients with the late onset systemic lupus erythematosus(LOSLE) and the elderly onset SLE. Methods Forty one patients with SLE onset beyond the age of 50 years(including 20 patients SLE onset beyond the age of 60 years) were identified and compared with 41 patients who had SLE onset before the age of 50 (General SLE). Patients in the group of general SLE were selected by 1 to 1 individual matching according to sex, course of diseases, date of admission. The presenting clinical features, laboratory findings, incidence rate of complication, efficacy of glucocorticoid and the prognosis of patients in two groups of LOSLE and general SLE were compared and analyzed. In addition, 20 cases of elderly onset SLE were also compared and analyzed. Results There were significant differences in symptoms between groups of LOSLE and General SLE. The LOSLE group had less occurrence of rash (39 0% vs 73 2%, P